Mavhidhiyo aMark Zuckerberg achibvuma kubiwa kwedata uye Barack Obama achishungurudza Donald Trump anga achitenderera internet kwenguva yakati rebei?
Aya mavhidhiyo ndiwo mhedzisiro yetekinoroji yepamusoro uye yemberi yeAI inonzi Deepfake.
Zvichitaurwa zviri nyore, ndeye photoshop imwe nzira yevhidhiyo. Kune rimwe divi, inogona kuchinja zvinhu zvemagetsi nokubvisa kudiwa kwemunhu chaiye.
Kune rimwe divi, zvinotyisidzira zvakanyanya kuzivikanwa kwemunhu sezvo uchigona kuita kuti chero munhu ataure chero chinhu pavhidhiyo.
Deepfakes kushandiswa kudzidza zvakadzika kugadzira mafoto nemavhidhiyo ezviitiko zvenhema, saka zita rakadzika. Haikwanise kungochinjanisa zviso pamavhidhiyo aripo asiwo kugadzira mafuremu matsva nemavhidhiyo kubva kutanga.
Kwakabva Deepfakes
Zvakawandisa tsvakurudzo yezvidzidzo yakasundira miganhu yemifananidzo nemavhidhiyo manomano mumakore mashoma apfuura. Deepfake zvakare mhedzisiro yeidzi tsvakiridzo dzedzidzo.
Nyaya yekutanga yekushandiswa kwevhidhiyo yakashumwa muna 1997. Vhidhiyo yemunhu yakagadziridzwa kuti itaure mashoko ari mune imwe nzira yekuteerera. Yakanga iri yekutanga nyaya yekushandiswa kwechiso chekuvandudza machine learning unyanzvi.
Imwezve budiriro inocherekedza yakaitwa muna 2017 apo vhidhiyo yevaimbove mutungamiriri weAmerica, Barack Obama, yakagadziridzwa kuti itaure mazwi akasiyana anoenderana neruzha rwakasiyana.
Muna 2018, vaongorori vepaYunivhesiti yeCalifornia, Berkeley, vakaunza app inogona kugadzira a manyepo ekutamba vhidhiyo uchishandisa zvakadzama kudzidza. Izvi zvakaratidza kuwedzera kwezvakadzika kumuviri wese sezvo mabasa ekare aive akaganhurirwa kuzviso.
Deepfakes Anogadzirwa sei?
Nekuda kwekufambira mberi kwekombuta, iwe unogona ikozvino kugadzira zvakadzika fakes zviri nyore uye nemutengo wakaderera. Nzira mbiri huru dzinoshandiswa kugadzira deepfakes.
Method 1
Iwe uchafanirwa kudzidzisa a neural network pavhidhiyo chaiyo yemunhu. Izvi zvichabvumira neural network kunzwisisa zviso zvechidzidzo pamakona akasiyana uye mamiriro ekuvhenekera.
Mushure meizvozvo, iwe unozogadzirisa zvese zviri zviviri chiso chepakutanga uye chakavanzika kumeso kuburikidza neAI algorithm inonzi encoder. Ichawana uye kudzidza mutsauko uye kufanana pakati pezviso zviviri uye zviso zvese zvakaderedzwa kuita mufananidzo wakamanikidzwa kugovera izvo zvakajairika maficha.
Ipapo kunouya yechipiri AI algorithm inonzi decoder, iyo inodzoreredza zviso kubva kumifananidzo yakamanikidzwa. Zviso zvese zviri zviviri zvinodzoserwa nemadecoder maviri akasiyana.
Kuti uite shanduko yechiso, unongodyisa iyo encoded mifananidzo mune imwe decoder.
Semuyenzaniso, encoder inobuda pachiso A inopihwa mudhikodha yakadzidziswa pachiso B iyo inobva yagadzira patsva chiso B nechimiro chechiso cheA. Unotofanira kuita izvi pafuremu yega yega yevhidhiyo kuti ubudise zvinogutsa.
Method 2
Imwe nzira yekugadzira yakadzika ndeyeGenerative Adversarial Network (GAN).
Iwe uchafanirwa kushandisa maviri anokwikwidza algorithms kugadzira zvakadzika. Yekutanga inoshandisa ruzha rusina kurongeka kugadzira mufananidzo uye nekudaro inodaidzwa kuti jenareta. Ichi chifananidzo chekugadzira chinodyiswa kune rukova rwemifananidzo chaiyo kuburikidza neyechipiri algorithm inonzi discriminator.
Musarura anopa mhinduro kune jenareta iyo inogadzira imwe mufananidzo zvichienderana nemhinduro. Neiyi nzira, ese ari maviri algorithms anopa akagadziridzwa mhedzisiro neimwe iteration. Iyi nzira inodzokororwa kakawanda kusvikira chiyero chinodiwa chekururama chawanikwa.
GAN inopa mhedzisiro yechokwadi, asi yakaoma kushanda nayo uye inoda huwandu hukuru hwe data rekudzidziswa uye simba rekombuta. Ndosaka ichiwanzo kufarirwa kugadzira mifananidzo kwete mavhidhiyo.
Mimwe inogutsa mienzaniso yeDeepfakes
Kune mamwe anonyengetedza akadzama akadzika anotenderera painternet uye mazhinji acho ndeevakakurumbira.
Semuenzaniso, kune TikTok account yakatsaurirwa chete kune zvakadzika fakes yaTom Cruise. Mavhidhiyo anoratidza Cruise gorofu kana kuratidza mashiripiti.
@deeptomcruise Travel! ????
Imwezve yakadzika yakaoma yakadzika yakaiswa paYouTube naTom Cruise, Robert Downey Jr., Jeff Goldblum, George Lucas naEwan McGregor. Iyo ine zvimwe zvinokanganisa zviri pachena, asi kugadzirisa 3 kusvika 4 deepfakes muvhidhiyo panguva imwe chete ifeat pachayo.
Mumwe muenzaniso ivhidhiyo yakadzika yeaimbova Mutungamiri Barack Obama.
Iri rinonyengetedza zvinokatyamadza sezvo richishandisa manzwi nezviito zvevatevedzeri vanokwanisa kutevedzera manzwi nemasaini echidzidzo.
Isu tave kuona zvakadzika muindasitiri yemazuva ano yevaraidzo.
Yakashandiswa kupfura mifananidzo yaPaul Walker muFast and Furious 7 mushure mekufa kusingatarisirwi kwemutambi. Iyo deepfake yakashandiswa pamunun'una wake zvine hungwaru hunoshamisa.
Chii chinounzwa neDeepfakes patafura?
Deepfakes yakaratidza kuve yakavimbika tekinoroji yekuunza shanduko mune midhiya nevaraidzo.
Unogona here kuyeuka apo Henry Cavill's mustache akabviswa neCGI mu "Man of Steel" uye yaiva njodzi?
Zvimwe chetezvo zvino zvinogona kuitwa pamakomputa zviuru zvishoma zvemadhora ane mhedzisiro inogutsa.
Iwe zvino unogona kusangana nemadzitateguru ako akafa nevadikani. Iwe unogona kutopinda hurukuro yeFizikisi kubva kuna Albert Einstein pachake.
Kunze kwezvose izvi, deepfake haisati yanyatso shandiswa nenzira yayaitarisirwa kuve. Around 96% of the deepfakes on the internet is non-consensual zvinonyadzisira.
Huwandu hwepamusoro hwedhata rekudzidziswa huripo kune vane mukurumbira hwakonzera kuti vave ivo vanonyanya kunangwa vakabatwa nedeepfakes.
Izvo zvakatigonesa kuisa chero ani zvake mumamiriro ezvinhu ane ngozi kana anokanganisa uye nekudaro zvinoisa njodzi huru kumunhu wese.
Audio deepfakes anonzi anoshandiswa kubira makambani. Muna 2019, mumwe mutevedzeri akashandisa yakadzika manyepo odhiyo kuraira CEO weUK-based femu kuendesa €220,000 mubhanga reHungary nekuita semukuru wekambani yevabereki.
Nzira yekurwisa Malicious Deepfakes?
Kazhinji, iwe unogona kuona zvakadzika mavhidhiyo nekutarisa zvakanyanya furemu nefuremu uye kutsvaga artefacts uye zvisirizvo.
Nekudaro, inzira yekupokana-intuitive uye makambani mazhinji ari kushanda pane algorithms uye software ku tsvaga deepfakes.
Facebook yakatsvaga vaongorori kubva kuBerkeley, Oxford, uye mamwe masangano kuti vavake yakadzika detector. Saizvozvo, YouTube yakazivisa kuti havasi kuzotambira zvakadzama mavhidhiyo ane chekuita nesarudzo dzeUS, maitiro ekuvhota, kana 2020 US census.
Iwe unogona zvakare kushandisa mapurogiramu akafanana Reality Defender uye Deeptrace kuona zvakadzika.
Nyika dzakabatikanawo mukugadzira mutemo maererano nekushandiswa kwedeepfakes kazhinji. IUS yakaita mitemo yakati wandei ine chekuita nedeepfakes mugore rapfuura.
Putira
Deepfake ndiyo inorarama embodiment yekufambira mberi kweAI. Iyo inowedzera kudzima muganho weramangwana, zvisinei, inogona kutyisidzira kune kuvimbika kwevhidhiyo-graphic zvirimo painternet.
Pachave nenguva apo vanhu vachatanga kusahadzika vhidhiyo yega yega painternet uye isu tichasundirwa mune imwe nguva yekusagadzikana.
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