Zviri Mukati[Viga][Ratidza]
- 1. Chii chaizvo chinonzi Biomedical Engineering?
- 2. Unogona here kutsanangura basa iro biomedical mainjiniya vanoita mumashoko ako?
- 3. Mashoko okuti “biomechanics” uye “biomechanical engineering” anorevei, uye anoshandiswa sei?
- 4. Ungagadzira sei chombo chekurapa chinoita kuti munhu akakuvara musana akwanise kufamba zvakare?
- 5. Chii chinonzi BMI, Chaizvo?
- 6. DNA fingerprinting: Chii?
- 7. Rondedzera MRI zvakadzama.
- 8. Chii chaizvo chinonzi bio-instrumentation?
- 9. Chii chinonzi chirwere cheAlzheimer?
- 10. Ndeapi Mafungu Anogona Kuonekwa Panguva YeEeg Scan?
- 11. Rondedzera chipingamupinyi cheropa-uropi.
- 12. Chii chinonzi microarray uye chinoshandiswa sei, ndapota?
- 13. Chii chinotsanangurwa neDNA fingerprinting principle?
- 14. Ndeapi matanho aunotora kuti uve nechokwadi chekuchengetedzwa uye kushanda kwechombo chekurapa kana nzira?
- 15. Chii chinonzi system physiology?
- 16. Medical imaging: Chii?
- 17. Nyora matekinoroji anonyanya kushandiswa mumifananidzo yekurapa.
- 18. Unoziva nezveLMO?
- 19. Chii chaizvoizvo chinoitwa kurapa cloning, uye sei?
- 20. Matanho api anotorwa kuti atarise dhigirii paanenge achiongorora mushonga mutsva?
- 21. Ndeipi nzira yekushandura majini?
- 22. Unogona here kutsanangura hosha uye kunyora mamwe maitiro akajairika?
- 23. Tinovavarira kuita kuti midziyo yedu yekuvhiya ive yakachengeteka. Ndezvipi zvinhu zvaungashandisa kuzvisimbisa?
- 24. Chii chaizvo chinonzi RCCS?
- 25. Wakashandisa sei mapurogiramu ekombiyuta kana kuti software kuvandudza nzira dzokurapa kana kuti michina?
- 26. Tsanangura iyo biological neuron modhi. Chii chinoisiyanisa kubva kune synthetic neuron?
- 27. Chii chaizvoizvo chinonzi
- 28. Chii chinoita kuti nhangamutange uye exons siyana kubva kune imwe?
- 29. Chii chinosiyanisa retroviruses kubva kuproviruses?
- 30. Ndeipi nzira yaunotenda kuti biomedical engineering yakananga?
- mhedziso
Biomedical mainjiniya vari kutungamira mamwe ehunyanzvi hwekurapa tekinoroji anoshandiswa nhasi, kubva pakugadzira nhengo dzekugadzira kusvika pakugadzira zvigadzirwa zvekurapa zvitsva.
Nezve nyaya nekutarisirwa kwevarwere, biomedical mainjiniya vanotsvaga uye kugadzira mhinduro kuzvinhu zvekurapa uye zvebiology. Basa rakajairwa reinjiniya webiomedical riri kushanda uye kugadzirisa midziyo yebiomedical senyanzvi yekurapa kana muchikamu chekambani chekutsvagisa nekusimudzira.
R&D biomedical mainjiniya vanoshandisa ruzivo rwavo kugadzira zviridzwa zvekurapa nemidziyo. Pazuva rega rega, mainjiniya ebiomedical ari zvakare matekiniki anopa rubatsiro rwehunyanzvi kuchengetedza, kugadzirisa, kuisa, kana kushandura biomedical michina.
Vanofanirawo kudzidzisa vamwe vashandi kuti vangashandisa sei maturusi nemazvo. Mubvunzurudzo, mainjiniya ebiomedical anofanirwa kunge akagadzirira kupindura kumibvunzo yakasiyana-siyana pamusoro pebasa ravo nekuti chikamu ichi chiri kukurumidza kukura chiri kuramba chichichinja.
Mune ino post, isu tichatarisa pamusoro pe biomedical mainjiniya kubvunzurudza mibvunzo kubva kune yekutanga kusvika yepamusoro.
1. Chii chaizvo chinonzi Biomedical Engineering?
Kusimudzira hutano hwevanhu uye hupenyu, biomedical engineering inosanganisa yakajairwa mainjiniya nzira nebiological sainzi nemushonga.
Munda unotarisa pane zvese kusikwa kwezvishandiso, matekiniki, uye maalgorithms anosimudzira ruzivo rwekurapa uye yebhayoloji uku uchiwedzera kushanda uye kuendesa kurapwa kwekiriniki, pamwe nekunzwisisa kwemararamiro akaomarara kuburikidza nekuyedza uye yekuongorora nzira.
2. Unogona here kutsanangura basa iro biomedical mainjiniya vanoita mumashoko ako?
Basa rinoitwa nemainjiniya ebiomedical rakasiyana. Vanogona kushanda mumakiriniki, makoreji, mabhizinesi, kana marabhoritari.
Basa ravo rinosanganisira kugadzira nekugadzira michina yekurapa, nhengo dzekugadzira, zvirongwa zvekurapa, marongero eLab, uye dzakasiyana siyana dzekurapa sensors.
3. Mashoko okuti “biomechanics” uye “biomechanical engineering” anorevei, uye anoshandiswa sei?
Biomechanics ndiko kudzidza uye kuteedzera nyaya dzekurapa uye masisitimu achishandisa misimboti yemakanika. Iyi ndima inogona kushandiswa kugadzira mamodheru ezvinhu zvakaita sekufambisa kwemvura uye chikamu chekufamba.
Mwoyo yeArtificial, itsvo, uye majoini inhengo shoma dzeprosthetic uye nhengo dzakagadzirwa uchishandisa biomechanical engineering.
4. Ungagadzira sei chombo chekurapa chinoita kuti munhu akakuvara musana akwanise kufamba zvakare?
Ndaitanga nekufunga nezveutano hwemurwere nehurwere hupi zvahwo hwaigona kumutadzisa kufamba. Ndaibva ndagadzira muchina waigona kuchengetedza uremu hwemurwere panguva imwe cheteyo uchimutsigira paanenge achifamba.
Semuenzaniso, ndinogona kugadzira compact exoskeleton inobatsira murwere kufamba mberi nekushandisa madondoro kana mudonzvo. Murwere achange aine nzira yakachengeteka yekufambisa nekuda kwerudzi urwu rwechigadzirwa, chiri nyore kufamba kubva panzvimbo kuenda kune imwe.
5. Chii chinonzi BMI, Chaizvo?
BMI inomirira body mass index. Hurefu hwemunhu nehuremu hwake zvinoenzaniswa. Inoverengwa nekupatsanura huremu hwemunhu nehupamhi hwakapetwa kaviri.
6. DNA fingerprinting: Chii?
Genetic fingerprinting, inowanzonzi DNA fingerprinting, inzira yekuziva vanhu neDNA yavo kutevedzana. Inonyanya kushandiswa mune forensics.
Pakudhindisa zvigunwe zveDNA, iyo Polymerase Chain Reaction uye Short Tandem Repeats maitiro anowanzo shandiswa.
7. Rondedzera MRI zvakadzama.
Acronym yemagnetic resonance imaging (MRI) ndeye magnetic resonance imaging. Iyo imhando yekufungidzira yekurapa inopa yakakwana anatomy yenhengo dzemukati, kunyanya zvinyoro zvinyoro.
Simba remagineti rakasimba rinoshandiswa muMRI kugadzira mifananidzo uye mamodheru enhengo inodiwa.
8. Chii chaizvo chinonzi bio-instrumentation?
Izwi rekuti "bio-instrumentation" rinotsanangura maitiro ekushandisa imwe tekinoroji, zvishandiso, uye midziyo kugadzira biomechanical michina yekurapa zvirwere nekukuvara.
Inosanganisa mashandisirwo einjiniya mazano uye maitiro ekupedzisa basa muiyo biomedical indasitiri.
9. Chii chinonzi chirwere cheAlzheimer?
Rudzi rwedementia rwakanyanya kupararira chirwere cheAlzheimer. Chimiro chehuropi chinounzwa nekukanganiswa kwetau protein. Chimiro ichi ndicho chinogumira. Chirwere ichi chinokanganisa. Inogona kuonekwa nePET kana MRI scan.
10. Ndeapi Mafungu Anogona Kuonekwa Panguva YeEeg Scan?
Mafungu ane chekuita nehope anonzi delta, kukotsira-inducing theta, kuzorora alpha, kufunga-inducing beta, uye gamma zvese zvinoonekwa muEEG scan. Mu-rhythm inoonekwa zvakare mualpha.
11. Rondedzera chipingamupinyi cheropa-uropi.
Kana kutenderera kweropa kunopatsanurwa kubva kuuropi extracellular fluid, iyo central nerve system inosangana neropa-brain barriers (BECF). Yese capillary inoratidza hunhu uhu.
Iwo ma capillaries akakomberedzwa neakasimba majunctions, ayo asipo kubva kune yakajairika kutenderera. Glucose uye zvimwe zvigadzirwa zvemetabolism zvinotakurwa zvine simba pamusoro pechivharo nemaseru anodzivirira achishandisa mamwe mapuroteni.
Pamwe chete negobvu yepasi membrane, ichi chipingamupinyi chinosanganisirawo astrocytic yekupedzisira tsoka.
12. Chii chinonzi microarray uye chinoshandiswa sei, ndapota?
Iyo microarray ndeye matrix-senge array inoshandiswa kudzidza DNA kutevedzana, maererano netsanangudzo. Zviridzwa izvi zvinoshandiswa mune dzakawanda DNA kana genomic tsvakiridzo, kusanganisira gene kutaura profiling, single nucleotide polymorphism yekuona, imwe splicing yekuona, nezvimwe.
Mazhinji ma genetic test anogona kuitwa panguva imwe chete uchishandisa ma microarray chips, ayo anoshandiswa nemamwe mabhizinesi.
13. Chii chinotsanangurwa neDNA fingerprinting principle?
Genetic fingerprinting inzira inoshandisa DNA fingerprinting. Kutevedzana kweDNA kunogona kushandiswa nenzira iyi kuziva munhu. Forensics ndiyo yekutanga kushandiswa kweDNA fingerprinting.
Iyo polymerase Chain Reaction ndiyo nzira yakakosha kuseri kweDNA kudhindisa zvigunwe. DNA profiling nderimwe zita renzira iyi mukushandiswa kwakajairika.
14. Ndeapi matanho aunotora kuti uve nechokwadi chekuchengetedzwa uye kushanda kwechombo chekurapa kana nzira?
Ini ndinotanga nekuenda kuburikidza nezvinodiwa zveprojekiti uye zvinotarisirwa nevatengi. Ini ndinobva ndaita hurongwa hwekutsvagisa, kuuya nemaprototypes, uye kuyedza zvishandiso kana nzira.
Ini ndinoongorora zvakawanikwa zvichitevera nhanho yega yega yekuyedza uye ndinogadzirisa chero inodiwa. Nekuda kweizvozvo, ndinogona kupa vatengi vangu ruzivo rwakakwana maererano nekuita uye kuchengeteka kwezvinhu zvavo.
15. Chii chinonzi system physiology?
Systems physiology inotarisa pakunzwisisa kuti masisitimu ari mukati mezvisikwa zvipenyu anoshanda sei padikidiki uye submicroscopic nhanho, kubva kudg mhinduro kune metabolic masisitimu uye mhinduro yehurwere, kufamba kwemakumbo nekuzvidira kusvika pakuporeswa kweganda, uye inonzwika physiology.
Iyi ndima yekudzidza inoshandisa masvomhu mafomula mukuyedza uye kuenzanisa.
16. Medical imaging: Chii?
Kufungidzira kwekurapa kunoshandiswa kuona uye kurongedza nyaya dzehutano dzinosanganisira kenza, kuremara, uye nezvimwe nekubatanidza magetsi data kugadzirisa, kuongorora, uye kuratidzwa nekunzwisisa kwezviitiko zvemuviri.
Dzimwe nzira dzakadai se ultrasound uye magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) dzinowanzoshandiswa.
17. Nyora matekinoroji anonyanya kushandiswa mumifananidzo yekurapa.
Medical imaging tekinoroji inoshandiswa muminda yehutano uye tsvagiridzo munzira dzakasiyana siyana. Mushonga weNuclear, electron microscopy, computer tomography, radiography, thermography, fluoroscopy, ultrasound, uye positron emission tomography, kana PET, ndezvimwe zveizvi.
Rudzi rwekufungidzira kunoshandiswa kunoenderana nerudzi rwechidzidzo chiri kuitwa kana rudzi rwekurapa.
18. Unoziva nezveLMO?
Chipenyu chakagadziridzwa chinonzi LMO. LMOs izvo zvisikwa zvakave ne genetic modification vachishandisa biotechnology.
LMO inombundira zvisikwa zvese zvakasangana mutagenesis kana zvakajairwa kuberekesa uye sarudzo maitiro, pamwe neaya akasangana nehunyanzvi recombinant DNA maitiro. Kugona kweLMOs kushandisa tsvina ine ngozi kwakakosha.
19. Chii chaizvoizvo chinoitwa kurapa cloning, uye sei?
DNA kana chikamu cheDNA strand inodzokororwa panguva yekurapa cloning. Inonzi somatic cell nuclear transfer dzimwe nguva. Stem cell-containing embryos inoshandiswa mukugadzira cloning.
Embryonic stem masero anogona kugadzirwa patsva uye ari pluripotent, zvinoreva kuti anogona kukura kuita chero anopfuura mazana maviri nemakumi maviri emhando dzemasero anogona kuwanikwa mumuviri wemunhu.
20. Matanho api anotorwa kuti atarise dhigirii paanenge achiongorora mushonga mutsva?
Ndinotanga nokufunga zera remurwere, uremu hwake, uye utano hwake pandinenge ndichifunga kuti ndingamupa mushonga wakawanda sei. Ndobva ndafunga chero zvirwere zviripo uye zviratidzo zvavari kuratidza.
Iyo yakakwana dose inoverengerwa uchishandisa algorithm yandakagadzira ndichishandisa hunyanzvi hwangu hwehunyanzvi. Izvi zvakakosha nekuti zvinova nechokwadi chekuti varwere vanotora dosi rakakodzera remushonga vasingapfuuri.
21. Ndeipi nzira yekushandura majini?
Gene kutendeuka imhando yeDNA genetic recombination chiitiko. Izvi zvinowanzoitika panguva yemeiotic division, asi zvinoitikawo mumasero somatic. Tinogona kuendesa ruzivo rweDNA kubva kune imwe DNA helix kune imwe iyo kutevedzana kwakashandurwa tichishandisa nzira iyi.
Iyi nzira inogonawo kushandiswa kuwana gene mutation. Zvinogona kuguma kune vasiri Mendelian nhaka. Mhedzisiro iyi yakagara ichionekwa mumichinjikwa yefungal.
22. Unogona here kutsanangura hosha uye kunyora mamwe maitiro akajairika?
Shoko rokuti pathogen rinoreva chero chipenyu chinodya zvimwe zvipenyu. Utachiona hunoparadzirwa nehuwandu hwematanho, kusanganisira mhepo, yakananga kana isina kunanga kubata, kusangana pabonde, ropa, uye zvimwe zvinwiwa zvemuviri.
Utachiona hunogona kunge huri hwehutachiona, hwebhakitiriya, kana fungal muzvisikwa. Utachiona hunowanzo batanidzwa nehurwere, asi hunogonawo kushandiswa kupedza zvipembenene uye kurwisa chirwere chavanoburitsa, senge nekudzivirira furuwenza.
23. Tinovavarira kuita kuti midziyo yedu yekuvhiya ive yakachengeteka. Ndezvipi zvinhu zvaungashandisa kuzvisimbisa?
Simbi yakakwira-simba yakanakira midziyo yekuvhiya sezvo iri kureruka uye yakasimba, ichiita kuti ive yakakodzera kune zvekurapa. Ndakamboshanda nevarapi vaishandisa maturusi ekambani yedu, saka ndinoziva kuti vakatovakwa nesimbi yakasimba.
Nekudaro, dai ndanga ndichigadzira mutsara wechigadzirwa, ndaizofunga kusanganisira titanium mumusanganiswa zvakare. Inogara yakasimba kudarika simbi asi yakareruka pane aluminium.
24. Chii chaizvo chinonzi RCCS?
RCCS chidimbu che rotary cell tsika system. Ichi chishandiso chinoshandiswa mumicrogravity kugadzira matatu-dimensional maseru masumbu. NASA yakagadzira ichi chishandiso chekuongorora maseru emhuka, kusanganisira vanhu, mune microgravity.
Matishu akagadzirwa muRCCS akakura, matatu-dimensional, uye ane maumbirwo uye makemikari zvinhu zvakafanana neyakajairwa tishu. Nekuti RCCS haina zvikamu zvinofamba, maseru haanyanyi kukuvara uye saka ane hupenyu hwakareba.
25. Wakashandisa sei mapurogiramu ekombiyuta kana kuti software kuvandudza nzira dzokurapa kana kuti michina?
Mune basa rangu rekare, ndanga ndiri chikamu chechikwata chaishandisa MATLAB neLabVIEW kugadzira mitsva yemidziyo yekurapa. Aya maapplication maviri akatigonesa kukurumidza kugadzira prototypes ezvigadzirwa zvedu uye tozviedza tisati tapedza dhizaini.
Zvirongwa izvi zvakashandiswawo kuongorora data kubva kuvanhu vakaedza zvigadzirwa zvedu.
26. Tsanangura iyo biological neuron modhi. Chii chinoisiyanisa kubva kune synthetic neuron?
Iyo biological neuron modhi inozivikanwa zvakare seye spiking neuron modhi. Iyi modhi inomiririra yemasvomhu yehunhu hwetsinga sero kana neuron.
Iyi modhi yakagadzirirwa kufanotaura nekutsanangura maitiro ebhayoloji. Izvi zvinosiyana kubva kune artificial neurons pakuti artificial neurons anoenderana necomputational efficacy. Iyo artificial neuron inobuda inotarwa nehuremu hwe synaptic.
27. Chii chaizvoizvo chinonzi
Icho chinhu chekugadzira chinogona kushandiswa kutsiva chakarasika chemuviri chikamu. Inobva pane iyo biomechatronics pfungwa. Inogona kushandiswa kutsiva nhengo dzemuviri dzakarasika pakuzvarwa, nekuda kwekukuvadzwa, kana nekuda kwekuremara.
Chinhu chikuru chakaipa chemakumbo eprosthetic mutengo wavo wakakwirira. Uyezve, nekuda kwekupfeka uye kubvaruka, nhengo dzeprosthetic dzinofanirwa kuchinjwa makore ese 3-4. Kana nhengo yacho iine matishu akaiswa, zvigadziko zviri mugumbo zvinofanira kuvandudzwa kamwe chete pamwedzi.
28. Chii chinoita kuti nhangamutange uye exons siyana kubva kune imwe?
Chero kutevedzana kwenucleotide kunodzimwa kubva kugene neRNA splicing kugadzira iyo gene yekupedzisira yakakura RNA chigadzirwa inonzi intron. Zvese zviri zviviri kutevedzana kweDNA kunowanikwa mukati mejini uye chikamu chinofananidzwa mune zvinyorwa zveRNA zvinodaidzwa kuti introns.
Majini ezvipenyu zvakawanda pamwe neaya evhairasi dzakawanda ane ma<em>introns.
An exon iDNA sequence kana RNA transcript yeimwe. kutaura zvakafara. Iyo nucleic acid sequence inozivikanwa seexon inogona kuwanikwa mune yakakura fomu yeRNA molecule.
29. Chii chinosiyanisa retroviruses kubva kuproviruses?
Enzayemu reverse transcriptase rinodiwa kukopa retrovirus, hutachiona hweRNA hunogona kutapudza sero rinogamuchira. Iyo RNA genome inogona kushandiswa kugadzira DNA. Iyo integrase enzyme inozobatanidza iyo ichangobva kugadzirwa DNA mugenome yemugamuchiri.
Hutachiona hweRNA hunobva hwaberekana nekupinda muDNA yesero rinogamuchira. Mhuri yehutachiwana Retroviridae inosanganisira mavhairasi akaputirwa anozivikanwa seretroviruses.
A provirus hutachiona hune genome hunogona kusunga kuDNA yemusero. Mune hutachiona hwehutachiona hwakarara, hutachiona hunodzokorora kuburikidza nekudzokororwa kwesero rayo rekugamuchira kwete nega. Ichi chirwere chinogona kuramba chichienderera kune akati wandei zvizvarwa zvemasero.
30. Ndeipi nzira yaunotenda kuti biomedical engineering yakananga?
Zvakawanda zvinogona kuitwa ne biomedical engineering, mumaonero angu. Sezvo zvichigona kutigonesa kugadzira michina yekurapa yakasarudzika nemutengo wakaderedzwa, ini ndiri kunyanya kufarira kushandiswa kweiyo 3D tekinoroji yekudhinda munzvimbo ino.
Zvakadaro, ini ndinoziva kuti kubatanidza tekinoroji nyowani muzvirongwa zvehutano zvingave zvakaoma. Ndichaita zvese zvandinogona kubatanidza matekinoroji matsva uku ndichitsigira zvinodiwa zvekuchengetedza.
mhedziso
Nekubatanidza sainzi yeinjiniya neiyo biological sainzi uye kiriniki maitiro, biomedical engineering inyaya inowedzera ruzivo muinjiniya, biology, uye mushonga uku ichivandudza hutano hwevanhu.
Kuti ikubatsire iwe kubvunzurudza, heino yakanakisa biomedical engineering kubvunzurudza mibvunzo, kubva kune nyore kusvika kune yakaoma. Maona Hashdork's Hurukuro Series kuti ubatsirwe nekugadzirira kubvunzurudzwa.
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