Ko kana tikagona kushandisa njere dzekugadzira kupindura chimwe chezvakavanzika zvikuru zvehupenyu - kupeta mapuroteni? Masayendisiti ave achishanda pane izvi kwemakumi emakore.
Machina zvino anogona kufanotaura zvimiro zveprotein zvine humbowo hunoshamisa uchishandisa mamodheru ekudzidza akadzama, kushandura kugadzirwa kwezvinodhaka, biotechnology, uye ruzivo rwedu rwezvakakosha biological process.
Joinha neni pakuongorora munzvimbo inonakidza yeAI protein kupeta, uko tekinoroji yekucheka-kumucheto inopokana nekuoma kwehupenyu pachahwo.
Kuburitsa Chakavanzika cheProtein Folding
Mapuroteni anoshanda mumiviri yedu semichina midiki kuita mabasa akakosha sekupwanya chikafu kana kutakura oxygen. Anofanirwa kupetwa zvakanaka kuti ashande nemazvo, sekuti kiyi inofanirwa kutemwa nemazvo kuti ikwane mukiyi. Pakangogadzirwa puroteni, kupeta kwakaoma kwazvo kunotanga.
Kupeta kweprotein ndiyo nzira iyo cheni dzakareba dzeamino acids, matombo ekuvaka eprotein, anopeta kuita matatu-dimensional zvimiro zvinoraira kushanda kweprotein.
Chimbofunga tambo yakareba yebhiza iyo inofanirwa kuodha kuita fomu chaiyo; izvi ndizvo zvinoitika kana protein yapeta. Asi, kusiyana nemabhero, maamino acids ane maitiro akasiyana uye anopindirana nenzira dzakasiyana-siyana, zvichiita kuti kupeta mapuroteni kuve kwakaoma uye kusinganzwisisike.
Mufananidzo uri pano unomirira hemoglobin yemunhu, inova puroteni yakapetwa inozivikanwa zvikuru
Mapuroteni anofanira kupeta nekukurumidza uye chaizvo, kana kuti anozove akapetwa zvisirizvo uye akaremara. Izvi zvinogona kutungamirira kuzvirwere zvakadai seAlzheimer's uye Parkinson's. Tembiricha, kudzvanywa, uye kuvapo kwemamwe mamorekuru musero zvese zvine chekuita pakupeta.
Mushure memakumi emakore ekutsvagisa, masayendisiti achiri kuyedza kuona kuti mapuroteni anopeta sei.
Nechemumoyo, kufambira mberi muhungwaru hwekugadzira kuri kuvandudza budiriro muchikamu. Masayendisiti anogona kufungidzira kuumbwa kwemapuroteni nenzira kwayo kupfuura nakare kose nekushandisa muchina kudzidza algorithms kuongorora mavhoriyamu makuru e data.
Izvi zvine mukana wekushandura kuvandudzwa kwemishonga uye kuwedzera ruzivo rwedu rwemamorekuru rwechirwere.
Michina Inogona Kuita Zvirinani?
Yakajairwa Protein Folding Techniques Iine Mamiriro
Masayendisiti anga achiedza kuona kupeta mapuroteni kwemakumi emakore, asi kuomarara kwemaitiro aya kwaita kuti iyi ive nyaya yakaoma.
Zvakajairwa mapuroteni maitiro ekufanotaura anoshandisa musanganiswa wenzira dzekuedza uye kuenzanisa komputa, zvisinei, nzira idzi dzese dzine zvinokanganisa.
Nzira dzekuedza dzakaita seX-ray crystallography uye nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) inogona kutora nguva uye inodhura. Uye, mhando dzemakombuta dzimwe nguva dzinovimba nefungidziro dziri nyore, izvo zvinogona kutungamirira kukufungidzira kusina kururama.
AI Inogona Kukunda Izvi Zvipingamupinyi
Luckily, chakagadzirwa njere iri kupa vimbiso nyowani yechokwadi uye inoshanda mapuroteni chimiro chekufungidzira. Machine yekudzidza algorithms inogona kuongorora yakakura mavhoriyamu e data. Uye, vanofumura mapatani ayo vanhu vangapotsa.
Izvi zvakakonzera kugadzirwa kwezvishandiso zvitsva zvesoftware uye mapuratifomu anokwanisa kufanotaura chimiro cheprotein nekunyatso kusingaenzaniswi.
Iyo Yakanyanya Kuvimbisa Muchina Kudzidza Algorithms yeProtein Structure Prediction
Iyo AlphaFold system yakavakwa neGoogle Deepmind timu ndeimwe yebudiriro inovimbisa munzvimbo ino. Yakawana kufambira mberi kukuru mumakore achangopfuura nekushandisa kudzidza kwakadzika algorithms kufanotaura chimiro chemapuroteni zvichienderana neamino acid sequences.
Neural network, kutsigira vector michina, uye masango asina kurongeka ari pakati pedzimwe nzira dzemuchina dzekudzidza dzinoratidza vimbiso yekufanotaura chimiro cheprotein.
Aya maalgorithms anogona kudzidza kubva kune akakura dataset. Uye, vanogona kutarisira kuwirirana pakati peamino acids akasiyana. Saka, ngationei kuti zvinoshanda sei.
Co-evolutionary Ongororo uye Yekutanga AlphaFold Generation
Kubudirira kwe AlphaFold yakavakirwa pane yakadzika neural network modhi iyo yakagadzirwa uchishandisa co-evolutionary ongororo. Pfungwa ye-co-evolution inotaura kuti kana maviri amino acids muprotein akabatana neimwe, anokura pamwe chete kuchengetedza kushanda kwawo.
Vatsvagiri vanogona kuona kuti ndeapi mapeya emaamino acid angangove ari kubatwa muchimiro che3D nekuenzanisa kutevedzana kwemaamino acid emapuroteni akawanda akafanana.
Iyi data inoshanda sehwaro hwekutanga iteration yeAlphaFold. Inofanotaura kureba pakati peamino acid pairs pamwe nemakona emapeptide bond anoabatanidza. Iyi nzira yakapfuura nzira dzese dzekare dzekufanotaura chimiro cheprotein kubva mukutevedzana, kunyangwe chokwadi chaive chichiri kuganhurirwa kumapuroteni asina matemplate anooneka.
AlphaFold 2: Nzira Itsva Yakanyanya
AlphaFold2 isoftware yekombuta yakagadzirwa neDeepMind inoshandisa kutevedzana kweprotein amino acid kufanotaura chimiro che 3D cheprotein.
Izvi zvakakosha nekuti chimiro cheprotein chinoraira kuti chinoshanda sei, uye kunzwisisa basa rayo kunogona kubatsira masayendisiti kugadzira mishonga inonangana neprotein.
Iyo AlphaFold2 neural network inogashira semapindiro eprotein's amino acid sequence pamwe neruzivo rwekuti kutevedzana uku kunofananidzwa sei nemamwe anotevedzana mudhatabhesi (iyi inonzi "kutevedzana kurongeka").
Iyo neural network inoita fungidziro nezveprotein's 3D chimiro zvichibva pane iyi yekuisa.
Chii Chinochisiyanisa kubva kuAlphaFold2?
Kusiyana nedzimwe nzira, AlphaFold2 inofanotaura chimiro che3D cheprotein kwete kungopatsanurwa pakati pemaamino acids kana makona pakati pemabhondi anozvibatanidza (sezvakaitwa maalgorithms apfuura).
Kuitira kuti neural network itarisire chimiro chakazara kamwechete, chimiro chakavharirwa kumagumo-kusvika-kumagumo.
Chimwe chinhu chakakosha cheAlphaFold2 ndechekuti inopa fungidziro yekuti ine chivimbo sei mukufanotaura kwayo. Izvi zvinoratidzwa se coding yeruvara pane chinotarisirwa chimiro, chitsvuku chinomiririra chivimbo chepamusoro uye yebhuruu ichiratidza kusavimbika kwakaderera.
Izvi zvinobatsira sezvo zvichizivisa masayendisiti nezve kugadzikana kwekufanotaura.
Kufanotaura Kubatanidzwa Kwakasanganiswa Kwekutevedzana Kwakawanda
Kuwedzeredzwa kwazvino kweAlphafold2, inozivikanwa seAlphafold Multimer, inofanotaura chimiro chakasanganiswa cheakatevedzana akati wandei. Ichiri nemhando yepamusoro yekukanganisa kunyangwe ichiita zvirinani kupfuura maitiro ekutanga. Ingori %25 ye4500 maprotein complexes akafanotaurwa zvakabudirira.
70% yenzvimbo dzakakasharara dzekusangana dzakafanotaurwa nenzira kwayo, asi hukama hwemapuroteni maviri hwakanga husina kunaka. Kana kudzika kwepakati pekuenzanisa kusingasviki makumi matatu kutevedzana, huchokwadi hweAlphafold multimer fungidziro inodzikira zvakanyanya.
Mashandisiro eAlphafold Predictions
Iwo akafanotaurwa modhi kubva kuAlphaFold anopiwa mune imwecheteyo faira mafomati uye anogona kushandiswa nenzira dzakafanana neyekuyedza zvimiro. Zvakakosha kuti titarise fungidziro dzechokwadi dzinopihwa nemuenzaniso kuitira kudzivirira kusanzwisisana.
Zvinonyanya kubatsira kune zvimiro zvakaoma senge interloven homomers kana mapuroteni anopeta chete pamberi pe
ligand isingazivikanwe.
Mamwe Matambudziko
Dambudziko guru pakushandisa zvimiro zvakafanotaurwa nderokunzwisisa dynamics, ligand selectivity, control, allostery, post-translational shanduko, uye kinetics yekusunga pasina kuwana mapuroteni uye biophysical data.
Machine pakudzidza uye physics-based molecular dynamics tsvakurudzo inogona kushandiswa kukunda dambudziko iri.
Tsvagiridzo idzi dzinogona kubatsirikana kubva muhunyanzvi uye hunoshanda hwemakomputa ekuvaka. Nepo AlphaFold yakawana budiriro huru mukufanotaura zvimiro zveprotein, pachine zvakawanda zvekudzidza mumunda weiyo biology yezvimiro, uye fungidziro yeAlphaFold ingori pekutanga pakudzidza mune ramangwana.
Ndezvipi Zvimwe Zvishandiso Zvinoshamisa?
RoseTTAFold
RoseTTAFold, yakagadzirwa neYunivhesiti yeWashington vaongorori, zvakare inoshandisa yakadzama kudzidza algorithms kufanotaura mapuroteni zvimiro, asi zvakare inosanganisa nzira itsva inozivikanwa se "torsion angle dynamics simulations" kuvandudza zvimiro zvakafanotaurwa.
Iyi nzira yakapa mhedzisiro inokurudzira uye inogona kubatsira mukukunda zvipimo zvezviripo zveAI protein kupeta maturusi.
tRosetta
Chimwe chishandiso, trRosetta, inofanotaura kupeta mapuroteni nekushandisa a neural network akadzidziswa pamamiriyoni emapuroteni akatevedzana uye zvimiro.
Inoshandisawo "template-based modeling" nzira yekugadzira fungidziro chaiyo nekuenzanisa puroteni yakanangwa kune inofananidzwa inozivikanwa zvimiro.
Zvakaratidzwa kuti trRosetta inokwanisa kufanotaura zvimiro zvemapuroteni madiki uye maprotein complexes.
DeepMetaPSICOV
DeepMetaPSICOV chimwe chishandiso chinotarisa kufanotaura mamepu eprotein. Aya, anoshandiswa segwara rekufanotaura kupeta kweprotein. Inoshandisa kudzidza zvakadzika nzira dzekufungidzira mukana wekusangana kwezvisaririra mukati meprotein.
Aya anozoshandiswa kufanotaura mepu yese yekusangana. DeepMetaPSICOV yakaratidza kugona kufanotaura zvimiro zveprotein zvine humbowo hukuru, kunyangwe nzira dzakapfuura dzakatadza.
Chii Chichaitika Mune Remangwana?
Ramangwana reAI protein kupeta rakajeka. Kudzidza kwakadzama-kwakavakirwa algorithms, kunyanya AlphaFold2, ichangobva kufambira mberi zvikuru mukufanotaura nekuvimbika mapuroteni zvimiro.
Kuwana uku kune mukana wekushandura kugadzirwa kwezvinodhaka nekubvumira masayendisiti kuti anzwisise zviri nani chimiro uye basa remapuroteni, anove akajairika kurapa zvinangwa.
Zvakadaro, nyaya dzakaita sekufanotaura maprotein complexes uye kuona iyo chaiyo inoshanda mamiriro ezvimiro zvinotarisirwa zvinoramba zviripo. Kutsvagisa kwakawanda kunodiwa kugadzirisa nyaya idzi uye kuwedzera iko kurongeka uye kuvimbika kweAI protein kupeta algorithms.
Asi, mabhenefiti angangoitwa tekinoroji iyi yakakura, uye inokwanisa kutungamira mukugadzirwa kwemishonga inoshanda uye chaiyo.
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