M'ndandanda wazopezekamo[Bisani][Show]
Tesla idayambitsa Autopilot kumapeto kwa 2014, ndipo yakhala ikukankhira malire aukadaulo wodziyendetsa okha kuyambira pamenepo. Ngakhale magalimoto atsopano a Tesla amabwera ndi matekinoloje oyambira otetezeka, Autopilot, makamaka njira Yodziyendetsa Yonse, yomwe idakhazikitsidwanso koyambirira kwa 2019, ndipamene mikhalidwe yodziyendetsa yeniyeni imayamba kugwira ntchito.
Hardware 3 ndi m'badwo wotsatira wa Tesla Autopilot ndi Full Self-Driving (FSD) kompyuta.
M'nkhaniyi, tidzayang'anitsitsa chipangizo cha Tesla FSD, chomwe chimatchedwanso Hardware 3, komanso zomwe tingayembekezere kuchokera ku Hardware 4. Cholemba ichi chikhoza kukhala chaukadaulo, koma ndichita zonse zomwe ndingathe kuti ndifotokozere zinthu zazikuluzikulu. m'Chingerezi chosavuta.
Tsatanetsatane waukadaulo wa Hardware - 3
Poyambira, titha kuwona chiwonetsero chachikulu cha bolodi. Bungweli limapereka redundancy wangwiro, kutanthauza kuti dongosolo lililonse pa izo akhoza kulephera ndipo kompyuta adzapitiriza kugwira ntchito bwinobwino.
Makamera onse amalumikizidwa ndi bolodi kumanja, ndipo mphamvu zamagetsi, komanso zolumikizira zosiyanasiyana zolumikizira ndi zotulutsa, zimalumikizidwa ndi bolodi kumanzere. Tesla adagwiritsa ntchito tchipisi ziwiri pakatikati pa bolodi.
Tesla amagwiritsa ntchito tchipisi tating'ono ting'ono ting'onoting'ono ndikuwonjezera zomwe zapeza, m'malo mopititsa patsogolo ntchito. Makina ogwiritsira ntchito amasungidwa pa flash memory chips pansi pa CPU komanso kumanzere kwa ma CPU.
Kukula kwa chip chilichonse sikudziwika pakadali pano, komabe, popeza khadi ya Micro-SD yokhala ndi 500 GB ilipo tsopano, ikhoza kukhala yayikulu. Kumanzere ndi kumanja kwa CPU iliyonse, pali tchipisi zinayi za LPDDR4.
Chifukwa tchipisi amapangidwa ndi Samsung, anthu ena amaganiza kuti RAM imapangidwanso ndi Samsung, zomwe ndi zabodza.
Tesla adasankha Micron kuposa Samsung chifukwa LPDDR4 RAM yawo ili ndi wotchi yapamwamba kwambiri, 2133Mhz, kuposa 1600Mhz ya Samsung. LPDDR4 ndiye mtundu wocheperako wa DDR4, womwe tsopano ukugwiritsidwa ntchito pamakompyuta apakompyuta ndi laputopu. LPDDR4 ndiyocheperako pang'ono kuposa DDR4, ngakhale kutengera mtundu wake, imatha kupitilira DDR3 munthawi zina. LPDDR4 ndi mtundu wa kukumbukira komwe kumapezeka m'mafoni amakono.
Full System pa Chip-(SoC)
Tiyeni tiwone dongosolo lonse-pa-a-chip tsopano (SoC). Tesla adadzaza CPU, khadi lazithunzi, purosesa ya neural, ndi zinthu zina zingapo mu chip chimodzi. Tesla akufotokoza ndondomeko yonseyo potsata deta kuchokera ku makamera.
Choyamba, detayo imalowetsedwa pamlingo wopambana wa ma pixel 2.5 biliyoni pa sekondi imodzi, yomwe ili yofanana ndi 21 Full HD 1080p zowonetsera pazithunzi 60 pamphindikati. Izi ndizochulukirapo kuposa zomwe masensa omwe adayikidwa kale amapereka.
Izi zimalowa mu DRAM yomwe tidaphunzira kale, yomwe ndi imodzi mwamabotolo oyambira komanso ofunikira a chip chifukwa ndiye gawo lotsika kwambiri. Zomwezo zimatumizidwa ku chip ndikusinthidwa ndi purosesa ya sigino ya zithunzi yomwe imatha kukonza ma pixel biliyoni imodzi pamphindikati (pafupifupi 8 Full HD 1080p skrini pamafelemu 60 pamphindikati).
Chigawo ichi cha chip chimatembenuza deta yaiwisi ya RGB kuchokera ku masensa a kamera kukhala deta yogwiritsidwa ntchito, komanso kuwongolera kamvekedwe ndi kuchepetsa phokoso. The neural network purosesa, kapena NPU, ndiye gawo lochititsa chidwi kwambiri la semiconductor yonse. Deta imasungidwa mu mndandanda wa SRAM monga gawo loyambirira la ndondomekoyi.
Kuti agwirizane ndi ma neural network processors awiri, Tesla's neural network processor ili ndi kuchuluka kwa 64MB SRAM, yomwe imagawidwa m'magawo awiri a 32MB SRAM. Tesla amawona mphamvu yake yayikulu ya SRAM kukhala imodzi mwamaubwino omwe ali nawo kuposa mtundu wina uliwonse wa chip womwe ukanagwiritsa ntchito.
Chifukwa mafelemu si ma JPEG apamwamba kwambiri, koma mafelemu akuluakulu osatayika, izi zitha kukhala zokwanira kusunga, kupereka, ndi kukonza chimango chimodzi kuchokera ku makamera onse ndi zolowetsa sensa pamodzi.
Detayo imadutsa m'makonde / m'njira zazikulu za chip, zomwe zimadziwikanso kuti "Network on a Chip" kapena NOC, kenako LPDDR4 DRAM, yomwe imakhala ndi bandwidth ya 68 gigabytes pa sekondi imodzi ndipo imagwiritsidwa ntchito kusunga deta.
Neural network processor ndi chida chabwino kwambiri. Ngakhale kuchuluka kwa deta kumadutsamo, ntchito zina zowerengera sizinasinthidwe kuti ziziyenda pa neural network processor kapena sizigwirizana ndi imodzi. Apa ndipamene gulu la graphics processing unit (GPU) limalowetsa chithunzi.
GPU ya chip iyi ili ndi magwiridwe antchito apakati (malinga ndi Tesla), imagwira ntchito pa 1GHz, ndipo imatha kugwira 600 GFLOPS. Malinga ndi Tesla, GPU tsopano imagwiritsidwa ntchito pochita zinthu zosiyanasiyana pambuyo pokonza, zomwe zitha kuphatikiza kupanga zithunzi ndi makanema owerengeka ndi anthu.
CPU imagwiranso ntchito zina zomwe sizikugwirizana ndi neural processor. Malinga ndi Tesla, chipangizochi chili ndi ma 12 ARM Cortex A72 64-bit CPU omwe amagwira ntchito pa 2.2GHz. Ngakhale, tanthauzo lenileni lingakhale kuti lili ndi ma CPU atatu a 4-core. Komabe, lingaliro la Tesla logwiritsa ntchito zomangamanga za ARM's Cortex A72 ndizododometsa.
Elon Musk ndi gulu lake adalongosola ponena kuti izi ndi zomwe anali nazo pamene adayamba kupanga chip zaka ziwiri zapitazo. Mwinanso kuphatikizika kwa ma CPU atatu akale m'malo mwa amodzi kapena awiri atsopano kapena amphamvu kwambiri kunali njira yochepetsera mtengo kwa Tesla, zomwe zingakhale zomveka ngati ntchito ya multithread ndi yofunika kwambiri kwa iwo kuposa ntchito imodzi.
Kuwerenga zambiri nthawi zambiri kumafuna kuyeserera pang'ono kugawa ntchito moyenera, koma Hei, uyu ndi Tesla, ndiye mwina ndi keke kwa iwo. Mulimonse momwe zingakhalire, magwiridwe antchito a chip a CPU ndiabwinoko ka 2.5 kuposa mtundu wa Tesla wa HW2 wakale.
Zomwe mungayembekezere kuchokera ku Tesla Hardware 4?
Zomwe tikudziwa pakadali pano ndikuti izikhala zokonzekera kupititsa patsogolo chitetezo. Chokhacho chomwe chimatiuza ndichakuti sichidzangoyang'ana pakuphunzitsa zanzeru zamagalimoto akale, koma sizikutsutsa kuti zitha.
Nawu mndandanda wazosintha za HW4 ndi kukwezedwa, zosankhidwa kuchokera pakutheka mpaka zongopeka kwambiri:
- Tesla agwiritsa ntchito mtundu watsopano wa CPU, womwe ungakhale Cortex A75, kutengera nthawi yomwe Tesla adayamba kupanga zomangazo. Kuthekera kowonjezereka kothandizira kumalola Tesla kusunga mphamvu ndi malo pa chip, kulola kuti zida zina zofunika ziwonjezedwe.
- Ndi SRAM yochulukirapo, magawo opangira ma neural asinthidwa.
- Tesla ikhoza kusinthira ku LPDDR5, zomwe zingapangitse kuthamanga kwambiri komanso kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu zochepa. Komabe, ngati chipangizo cha HW4 chikukulabe, kapena kusunga ndalama, Tesla atha kusankha LPDDR4X. LPDDR4X imapulumutsa magetsi pogwiritsa ntchito magetsi otsika, ngakhale zitha kupangitsa kuti magwiridwe antchito apite patsogolo ngati tchipisi tambiri tigwiritsidwa ntchito limodzi.
- Kutengera ngati kuthekera kwa chip kutha kuthana ndi chigamulo chonse ndi mawonekedwe omwe makamera amatha, Tesla's HW4 ikhoza kukhala ndi makamera owonjezera ndi masensa okhala ndi malingaliro abwinoko komanso mwina mtengo wapamwamba kwambiri.
- Purosesa yabwino yazithunzi (ISP). Tesla adafuna kuti chip chawo chikhale chotsika mtengo komanso champhamvu momwe angathere. Ichi ndichifukwa chake pali kusiyana kwakukulu mu HW3 pakati pa zomwe chip cholowetsa chingathe kuchita ndi zomwe ISP ingathe kuchita, zomwe zimafunika kufunikira kwa beefier kapena ISP yachiwiri, kutengera ngati njirayo imatenga mphamvu zochepa, malo ochepa, kapena ndalama zochepa.
Kutsiliza
Kompyuta ya HW3 yochokera ku Tesla ndi chilombo. Imatha kugwira kuchulukitsa kasanu ndi kawiri kuchuluka kwa mafelemu ndipo ili ndi kukula kuwirikiza kasanu ndi kawiri ka neural network. Pomaliza, Tesla wapanga purosesa yolimba komanso yamphamvu yomwe imatha kuchita zinthu zambiri.
2022 iyenera kukhala chaka chopatsa chidwi Opaleshoni ya Tesla Kukwanitsa Kudziyendetsa Kwathunthu, kokhala ndi zida zolimba za bespoke ndi mapulogalamu apadera a AI kuti agwirizane.
Atsala pang'ono kutha zaka zinayi zachitukuko cha Hardware 4, chomwe chikuyembekezeka kumalizidwa kumapeto kwa 2022 ndikuphatikizidwa mu Cybertruck.
Siyani Mumakonda