M'ndandanda wazopezekamo[Bisani][Show]
Tazunguliridwa ndi deta, yomwe ikukula kwambiri tsiku ndi tsiku. Kuchulukirachulukira komwe timachita ndi chilengedwe kukupangidwa ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya data, kuphatikiza kugwiritsa ntchito intaneti, kugula magalimoto, ma feed omwe timawona, ndi zina zambiri.
Tifotokoza za kuchuluka kwa data mu positiyi, kuwonetsa kuchuluka kwa deta, kukambirana za kuchuluka kwake komanso kuchuluka kwa deta, ndi zina zambiri.
Koma tiyeni choyamba tibwerere mmbuyo.
Tsiku lililonse, ma 2.5 quintillion byte a data - kuphatikiza zotsatira zoyesa, ziwopsezo zokhutiritsa makasitomala, ndi ma tweets - amapangidwa. Koma si data iliyonse imapangidwa mofanana.
Chisankho chomwe chimakufunsani kuti musanjire ntchito, menyu, chilengedwe, ndi mitengo pamlingo wa 1 mpaka 10 imapanga deta yosiyana ndi kuyankhulana komwe kumakufunsani kuti mufotokoze zomwe mudadya.
Ndikofunikira kwa akatswiri omwe amagwira ntchito ndi ma data pafupipafupi kuti asiyanitse mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya data ndikumvetsetsa momwe iliyonse ingakhudzire kafukufuku wanu.
Njira yowunikira mu data nthawi zambiri imayamba ndi funso linalake lomwe mukuyesera kuyankha, monga:
- Kodi kuchuluka kwa anthu kumakhudza bwanji khalidwe la ogula?
- Kodi omvera ena angayankhe bwino pakusinthidwa kwa chinthu kapena ntchito?
- Kodi zolepheretsa ntchito zingachotsedwe bwanji kuti ziwonjezeke kuchita bwino?
Muyenera kusonkhanitsa ndikuwunika kuchuluka kwa deta, kutengera mtundu wa mutuwo, bajeti yanu, nthawi, ndi zinthu zomwe zingapezeke. Ndikuganiza kuti mukumvetsa, sichoncho?
Tiyeni tiyambe tsopano.
Kodi Quantitative Data ndi chiyani?
Kusonkhanitsa kulikonse komwe kungazindikiridwe ndikuwunikidwa mochulukira kumatengedwa ngati kuchuluka kwa data.
Mtundu wokha wa data womwe ungayesedwe moyenera ndi kuchuluka kwa data, ndikupangitsa kuti ikhale yoyenera kwambiri mtundu wa deta zogwiritsidwa ntchito mu masamu ndi ziwerengero.
Amatchulidwa ngati mtengo wa deta pamene akufotokozedwa ngati mawerengedwe kapena manambala, ndi deta iliyonse yomwe ili ndi nambala yeniyeni yoperekedwa kwa izo.
Chidziwitso chilichonse choyezera chomwe chingagwiritsidwe ntchito powerengera ndi kuwerengera motengera masamu chimatengedwa ngati data yamtunduwu chifukwa itha kugwiritsidwa ntchito kuthandizira ziweruzo zenizeni.
Ndi zingati, kangati, ndi zingati pali zitsanzo za mafunso omwe angayankhe. Njira zamasamu zitha kugwiritsidwa ntchito kutsimikizira ndikuwunika deta iyi mosavuta.
Zambiri monga nthawi, kutalika, kulemera, mtengo, mtengo, phindu, kutentha, ndi mtunda ndizomwe akatswiri a data amagwira.
Itha kufotokozedwa ngati kuchuluka, nambala, nthawi yodzaza masamba, kapena ma metric ena pankhani ya kasamalidwe kazinthu, kapangidwe kazodziwa za ogwiritsa ntchito, kapena uinjiniya wamapulogalamu.
Ndi anthu angati omwe adagula chinthu china ndi chitsanzo cha kuchuluka kwa data mukamagula. Zambiri zamagalimoto zitha kuphatikiza kuchuluka kwa mphamvu zamahatchi zomwe ili nazo.
Mitundu ya Quantitative Data ndi iti?
Deta yomwe ingawerengedwe imatchedwa kuchuluka kwa deta, komabe, momwe detayo imawerengedwera zimasiyana malinga ndi mtundu wa deta yomwe ilipo. Zambiri zitha kugawidwa m'magulu awiri ofunikira: osamveka komanso opitilira. Kusiyana kwakukulu pakati pa ziwirizi ndi motere:
Data Yapadera
Chidziwitso chochulukira chomwe chili chodziwikiratu chikhoza kukhala ndi manambala apadera. Makhalidwewa sangathe kuwola chifukwa adakhazikika.
Chilichonse chikawerengedwa, deta yapadera imapezedwa. Ana atatu a munthu, mwachitsanzo, angakhale chitsanzo cha deta.
Chiwerengero cha ana chaikidwa; sangathe, mwachitsanzo, kukhala ndi ana 3.2.
Kuchuluka kwa alendo omwe abwera patsamba lanu ndi chitsanzo china chazidziwitso zamagulu; mutha kulandira maulendo 150 patsiku, koma osati 150.6. Ma tchati omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri powonetsa deta ndi ma pie tchati, ma bar chart, ndi ma tally chart.
Deta Yopitilira
Mosiyana, deta yosalekeza ikhoza kugawidwa kosatha m'zigawo zing'onozing'ono. Kutalika kwa chidutswa cha chingwe mu masentimita kapena kutentha mu madigiri Celsius ndi zitsanzo ziwiri za mtundu uwu wa deta yochuluka yomwe ingasonyezedwe pa sikelo yoyezera.
M'malo mwake, deta yosalekeza siyimangirizidwa kuzinthu zokhazikika; ikhoza kutenga mtengo uliwonse. Deta yosalekeza imathanso kusintha pakapita nthawi; mwachitsanzo, kutentha kwa chipinda kumasintha masana.
Mzere wa graph nthawi zambiri umagwiritsidwa ntchito kusonyeza deta yosalekeza.
Quantitative Data Vs Qualitative Data
Titha kuwona kuti kuchuluka kwa data kungayesedwe. Limanena za kuchuluka kwa zinthu, miyeso, ndi manambala. Zambiri zamtunduwu zitha kufotokozedwa ndi manambala (mwachitsanzo, kuchuluka, nthawi, kutalika, mtengo, kapena kukula).
Deta yochuluka imakhala ndi zodalirika zambiri ndipo imawoneka ngati yosakondera komanso yodalirika chifukwa imapangidwa kudzera mu ziwerengero. Komabe, palinso mtundu wina wofunikira wa data. Makamaka, qualitative data.
Chidziwitsochi chimakhala chofotokozera m'chilengedwe. Nthawi zambiri, sizingayesedwe mwachindunji koma zimatha kuphunziridwa poyang'ana. Ma adjectives ndi mawu ena ofotokozera amagwiritsidwa ntchito pofotokoza mawonekedwe, mtundu, mawonekedwe, ndi zina zomwe zili mumtundu wa data.
Mwachitsanzo, mungatsutse kuti chipinda chimodzi ndi chowala kuposa china.
Chidziwitso chimenecho ndi choyenera. Kuti muyese kuwala kwa chipindacho ndikuchipatsa manambala, mutha kugwiritsanso ntchito zida zasayansi ndi zida (monga mita yowunikira). Inu kupeza quantifiable deta pochita izo.
5 Njira Zabwino Zopezera Zambiri
1. Mwina Sampling
Njira yolondola yochitira zitsanzo yomwe imagwiritsa ntchito kusankha mwachisawawa ndikuthandiza ofufuza kuti anene zomwe zingatheke potengera zomwe zasonkhanitsidwa mwachisawawa kuchokera kwa omwe akufuna.
Kutengera kuthekera kumapereka mwayi kwa ofufuza kuti asonkhanitse deta kuchokera kwa anthu omwe ali ofanana ndi gulu lomwe akufuna kufufuza, lomwe ndi limodzi mwazinthu zake zabwino kwambiri.
Kuonjezera apo, deta idatengedwa mwachisawawa kuchokera ku chitsanzo chosankhidwa, zomwe zimachotsa mwayi wosankha zitsanzo.
Kwa zitsanzo za kuthekera, pali magulu atatu akulu.
- Zitsanzo zosavuta zachisawawa: Anthu omwe akufunidwa amasankhidwa kaŵirikaŵiri kuti aimirire pachitsanzocho.
- Zitsanzo zachisawawa: Membala aliyense wa anthu omwe akufuna aimirire pachitsanzocho, koma gawo loyamba lokha limasankhidwa mwachisawawa; mayunitsi ena amasankhidwa ngati mmodzi mwa anthu khumi pa mndandanda.
- Stratified sampuli zachisawawa: Popanga zitsanzo, zimalola kusankha gawo lililonse kuchokera pagulu la anthu omwe akufuna. Ndizothandiza pamene ochita kafukufuku akusankha kuphatikiza gulu lina la anthu pachitsanzo, monga mamenejala kapena akuluakulu, anthu ogwira ntchito m'makampani omwe apatsidwa, kapena amuna kapena akazi.
2. Mafunso
Nthawi zambiri anthu amafunsidwa ngati njira yosonkhanitsira deta. Zoyankhulana, komabe, zomwe zimachitika kuti asonkhanitse deta yochuluka zimakhala zokonzedwa bwino, ndipo ochita kafukufuku amangofunsa mafunso omwe amafunsidwa osati china chilichonse.
Pali magulu atatu akuluakulu oyankhulana omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito kusonkhanitsa deta.
- Kuyankhulana patelefoni: Kuyankhulana patelefoni kunkalamulira ma chart a njira zosonkhanitsira deta kwa zaka zambiri. Koma kugwiritsa ntchito intaneti, Skype, kapena intaneti ina msonkhano wapakanema ntchito zochitira kuyankhulana kwamavidiyo zawonjezeka kwambiri m'zaka zaposachedwa.
- Zoyankhulana paokha: Kusonkhanitsira deta mwachindunji ndi njira yoyesera yopezera chidziwitso. Imathandizira kusonkhanitsa deta yapamwamba kwambiri chifukwa imapereka mwayi wofunsa mozama komanso kufufuza kwina kuti mudziwe zambiri komanso zamaphunziro. Kudziwa kuwerenga kwa wophunzirayo sikofunikira chifukwa kafukufuku wapamaso ndi maso (F2F) amapereka mwayi wambiri wowonera ndikusonkhanitsa zomwe sizimalankhula kapena kufufuza mitu yovuta komanso yosathetsedwa. Ngakhale zingakhale zodula komanso zowononga nthawi, kuyankhulana maso ndi maso nthawi zambiri kumakhala ndi mayankho ochulukirapo.
- Kufunsana Kwaumwini Pakompyuta (CAPI): Sichinthu chongoyerekeza ndi kuyankhulana pamasom'pamaso pomwe wofunsayo ali ndi kompyuta kapena laputopu naye kuti akweze zomwe zasonkhanitsidwa panthawi yofunsa mafunso molunjika munkhokwe. Chifukwa choti wofunsayo sayenera kunyamula matani a mapepala ndi mafunso, CAPI imachepetsa kwambiri nthawi yofunikira kukonzanso ndi kusanthula deta.
3. Zowonera
Monga dzina limatanthawuzira, ndi njira yosavuta komanso yosavuta yopezera zambiri.
Mwanjira imeneyi, ochita kafukufuku amasonkhanitsa kuchuluka kwazomwe akuwona pogwiritsa ntchito njira monga kuwerengera kuchuluka kwa anthu omwe adapezeka pamwambo womwe waperekedwa panthawi inayake komanso malo enaake kapena kuchuluka kwa anthu omwe abwera ku mwambowo pamalo odziwika.
Ofufuzawa nthawi zambiri amagwiritsa ntchito njira yowunikira zachilengedwe kuti apeze zambiri, zomwe zimafuna luso loyang'anira bwino ndi zomveka kuti athe kupeza zambiri za "chiyani" osati za "chifukwa" ndi "motani."
Kusonkhanitsidwa kwa deta yamtundu uliwonse komanso kuchuluka kwake kumachitika kudzera mukuwona kwachilengedwe. Kuyang'ana mokhazikika kumagwiritsidwa ntchito makamaka kuti apeze zambiri m'malo motengera momwe zinthu ziliri, komabe.
- Kuyang'anitsitsa mokhazikika: Mosiyana ndi kuwonetsetsa kwachilengedwe kapena kwa anthu, njira yowonera iyi imafuna kuti wofufuzayo ayang'ane mozama za khalidwe limodzi kapena zingapo zomwe zatchulidwa m'nkhani yowonjezereka kapena yolamulidwa. Poyang'ana mwadongosolo, ochita kafukufuku amachepetsa chidwi chawo kuzinthu zochepa chabe zomwe zimakondweretsa osati kuyang'ana chirichonse. Zimawathandiza kuyika machitidwe omwe akuwona mu manambala. Nthawi zina amatchedwa "coding" pomwe zowonera zimafuna kuti owonera apereke chigamulo. Kuti tichite izi, gulu la zomwe mukufuna kuchita liyenera kufotokozedwa ndendende.
4. Kafukufuku
Kufufuza kwapaintaneti komwe kumapangidwa ndi mapulogalamu a kafukufuku ndikofunikira pakusonkhanitsira deta pa intaneti pazofufuza zochulukira komanso zamakhalidwe abwino. Kafukufukuyu amapangidwa m'njira yomwe imatsimikizira zochita ndi chidaliro cha oyankha.
Kafukufuku wochulukirachulukira nthawi zambiri amakhala ndi mndandanda wazinthu ndi masikelo azinthu chifukwa amapangitsa kuyeza malingaliro ndi machitidwe a oyankha kukhala kosavuta.
Mitundu iwiri yofunikira ya kafukufuku imagwiritsidwa ntchito kusonkhanitsa zidziwitso pa intaneti pa kafukufuku wamsika wamsika.
- Kutengera pa intaneti: Pa kafukufuku wozikidwa pa intaneti kapena pa intaneti, iyi ndi njira imodzi yotchuka komanso yodalirika. Poyankha kafukufuku wapa intaneti, woyankhayo adzalandira imelo yokhala ndi ulalo wa kafukufukuyu, womwe ukadindidwa udzawatsogolera kumalo otetezeka a kafukufuku wapaintaneti komwe angathe kumaliza kafukufukuyu. Ochita kafukufuku amakonda kafukufuku wopangidwa ndi intaneti chifukwa amakhala ndi nthawi komanso ndalama zambiri, mwachangu, komanso amakhala ndi omvera ambiri. Pogwiritsa ntchito laputopu, laputopu, piritsi, kapena foni yam'manja, ofunsidwa ali ndi ufulu womaliza kufufuza nthawi iliyonse yomwe ingawathandize ndipo uwu ndi mwayi waukulu wa mafunso okhudzana ndi intaneti.
- Kutengera maimelo: Kafukufukuyu amatumizidwa kwa anthu ambiri achitsanzo kudzera pamakalata, zomwe zimapangitsa wofufuzayo kuti afikire anthu osiyanasiyana. Mafunso a positi nthawi zambiri amabwera mu paketi yokhala ndi tsamba loyambira lomwe limadziwitsa omvera za mtundu wa maphunziro omwe akuchitidwa komanso chifukwa chake, komanso kubweza kolipira kale, kusonkhanitsa deta pa intaneti. Ngakhale maimelo ali ndi chiwopsezo chokulirapo kuposa njira zina zosonkhanitsira deta, kuphatikiza zolimbikitsa ndi zikumbutso kuti amalize kafukufukuyu zimathandizira kuchepetsa kuchulukira.
5. Kubwereza Zolemba
Pambuyo posanthula mapepala omwe alipo, kubwereza zolemba ndi njira yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito kusonkhanitsa deta. Chifukwa zolemba zimayendetsedwa bwino komanso zothandiza kuti mupeze deta yolondola kuyambira kale, ndi njira yabwino komanso yopambana yosonkhanitsira deta.
Kuwunika kwa zolemba kwakhala imodzi mwa njira zothandiza zopezera kafukufuku wochuluka, kuphatikizapo kulimbikitsa ndi kuthandizira kafukufukuyu popereka deta yowonjezera ya kafukufuku.
Pofuna kusonkhanitsa deta yowonjezereka ya kafukufuku wochuluka, magulu atatu akuluakulu akuwunikidwa.
- Zolemba zapagulu: Ogwira ntchito, zolembedwa zopitilira za bungwe zimawunikiridwa kuti zifufuzidwenso ngati gawo la kuwunika kwa chikalatachi. Mwachitsanzo, malipoti apachaka, maupangiri a mfundo, zochitika za ophunzira, zochitika zamasewera aku yunivesite, ndi zina zambiri.
- Zolemba Zaumwini: Kusanthula kwamtundu uwu kumawunika malipoti achinsinsi a machitidwe a anthu, machitidwe, thanzi, thupi, ndi zina zambiri motsutsana ndi zolemba za anthu. Mwachitsanzo, kukula ndi kulemera kwa ana, nthawi yoyendayenda yomwe ophunzira amatenga kupita kusukulu, ndi zina zotero.
- Umboni Wakuthupi: Umboni weniweni kapena zolemba zimalankhula ndi kupambana kwa munthu kapena bungwe m'mbuyomu pankhani yandalama komanso kukula kokulirapo.
Zambiri Zitsanzo
Nazi zitsanzo zingapo za kuchuluka kwa data kukuthandizani kumvetsetsa zomwe izi zikutanthauza:
- Pulogalamu yatsopano kwambiri yam'manja idatsitsidwa ndi anthu 83.
- Chaka chatha, azakhali anga anataya mapaundi 18.
- Mtengo wa chinthu X ndi $1,000.
- Pamwambowu panafika anthu 500.
- Chaka chino, ali ndi maholide khumi.
- Mu kotala, ndinakweza foni yanga kasanu ndi kamodzi.
- Chaka chatha, mwana wanga wamkazi adakula ndi mainchesi atatu.
- Kuwonjezera kwa mankhwala atsopano kudzachititsa kuti 30% akwere ndalama.
- 54 % ya aku America adanena kuti akufuna kugula pa intaneti kusiyana ndi kumsika.
- 150 omwe adafunsidwa adati sakuganiza kuti chinthu chatsopanocho chingakhale chopambana.
ubwino
- Chitani kafukufuku wozama: N'zosakayikitsa kuti kafukufukuyu adzakhala wokwanira, chifukwa deta yochuluka ikhoza kuyesedwa mozama.
- Kusakonda kocheperako: Pali nthawi zina pomwe kukondera kwaumwini kumathandizira pakufufuza ndikuyambitsa zotsatira zolakwika. Kukondera kwaumwini kumachepetsedwa kwambiri ndi chiwerengero cha chiwerengero cha deta.
- Zotsatira zomwe zili zolondola: Popeza zotsatira zake zinali zolondola mwachilengedwe, zinali zolondola.
kuipa
- Zambiri zoletsedwa: Popeza kuchuluka kwa deta sikulongosola, zimakhala zovuta kuti ochita kafukufuku apeze mfundo zomwe asonkhanitsa.
- Zimatengera mtundu wafunso: Mtundu wafunso womwe umagwiritsidwa ntchito kusonkhanitsa deta yochuluka umakhudza kukondera muzotsatira. Pamene akusonkhanitsa deta yochuluka, kumvetsetsa kwa ofufuza za zolinga ndi zolinga za kafukufuku ndikofunika kwambiri.
Kutsiliza
Zambiri zokhudzana ndi kuganiza mosiyanasiyana, osati kulingalira mozungulira. Imakhudzana ndi malingaliro a manambala, malingaliro, ndi zolinga pogogomezera mfundo za manambala ndi nthawi zonse.
Mtundu wokhawo wa data womwe ungathe kuwonetsa zotsatira zowunikira m'ma chart ndi ma graph, kafukufuku wochuluka wa data ndi wokwanira.
Kusanthula deta ndi gawo lofunikira kwambiri lomwe, ngati lilibe, silingangosokoneza kufunikira kwa kafukufuku wanu komanso kupangitsa kuti mfundozo zikhale zosakhazikika. Deta yabwino idzakuthandizani kupanga zotsatira zolondola.
Choncho, mosasamala kanthu za njirayo, mumagwiritsa ntchito kusonkhanitsa deta yochuluka, onetsetsani kuti chidziwitsocho ndi chapamwamba kwambiri kuti chipereke zidziwitso zamtengo wapatali komanso zothandiza.
Siyani Mumakonda