M'ndandanda wazopezekamo[Bisani][Show]
Makampani akutenga zambiri kuposa kale chifukwa amadalira kwambiri kuti azidziwitsa zisankho zofunika zamabizinesi, kupititsa patsogolo zogulitsa, komanso kupereka chithandizo chabwino kwamakasitomala.
Ndi kuchuluka kwa deta yomwe imapangidwa pamlingo wokulirapo, mtambo umapereka maubwino angapo pakukonza ndi kusanthula deta, kuphatikiza scalability, kudalirika, ndi kupezeka.
Mu chilengedwe chamtambo, palinso zida zingapo ndi matekinoloje opangira deta ndi kusanthula. Mitundu iwiri yazinthu zazikulu zosungiramo deta zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito nthawi zambiri ndi malo osungiramo zidziwitso ndi nyanja za data.
Ngakhale kugwiritsa ntchito nyanja ya data sikosangalatsa chifukwa simungathe kufunsa chitsanzo ndi deta ikadali yofunikira, kugwiritsa ntchito malo osungiramo zinthu zosungiramo deta kumawononga.
Wndi mtundu wanji wa zomangamanga zomwe timasankha?
Kodi tiganizire zatsopano za malo osungiramo zinthu zakale, kapena tiyenera kukhutitsidwa ndi zopinga za malo osungiramo katundu kapena zoletsa za nyanjayi?
Zomangamanga zatsopano zosungira deta zomwe zimatchedwa "data lakehouse" zimaphatikiza kusinthika kwamadzi am'madzi ndi kasamalidwe ka data kosungirako deta.
Kumvetsetsa njira zazikuluzikulu zosungirako deta ndikofunikira kuti mupange payipi yodalirika yosungiramo data yaukadaulo wabizinesi (BI), kusanthula deta, ndi makina kuphunzira (ML) zolemetsa, kutengera zomwe kampani yanu ikufuna.
Mu positi iyi, tiyang'ana mozama za Data Warehouse, Data Lake, ndi Data Lakehouse, ndi maubwino, zolephera komanso zabwino ndi zoyipa zake. Tiyeni tiyambe.
Kodi Data Warehouse ndi chiyani?
Malo osungiramo zidziwitso ndi malo apakati omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi bungwe kuti asunge zambiri kuchokera kuzinthu zambiri. Malo osungiramo zidziwitso amakhala ngati gwero limodzi la "chowonadi cha data" ndipo ndikofunikira pakupereka malipoti ndi kusanthula bizinesi.
Nthawi zambiri, malo osungiramo data amaphatikiza ma data ogwirizana kuchokera kumagwero angapo, monga ntchito, bizinesi, ndi data yamalonda, kuti asunge mbiri yakale. Asanalowetsedwe m'malo osungiramo zinthu, deta imasinthidwa ndikutsukidwa m'malo osungiramo zinthu kuti athe kugwiritsidwa ntchito ngati gwero limodzi lachowonadi cha data.
Chifukwa cha kuthekera kwawo kupereka mwachangu zidziwitso zamabizinesi kuchokera kumadera onse akampani, mabizinesi amaika ndalama zosungiramo zidziwitso. Pogwiritsa ntchito zida za BI, makasitomala a SQL, ndi mayankho ena ocheperako (mwachitsanzo, osagwiritsa ntchito sayansi), ofufuza zamabizinesi, akatswiri opanga ma data, ndi opanga zisankho atha kupeza deta kuchokera kumalo osungira deta.
Ndikokwera mtengo kukonza malo osungiramo zinthu zomwe zikuchulukirachulukira nthawi zonse, ndipo nkhokwe yosungiramo zinthu sizingagwire ntchito yaiwisi kapena yosasinthika. Kuonjezera apo, si njira yabwino yopangira njira zamakono zowunikira deta monga kuphunzira pamakina kapena kulosera zam'tsogolo.
Chifukwa chake, malo osungiramo zinthu amakupatsirani mayankho amafunso mwachangu komanso zamtundu wapamwamba kwambiri. Google Big Query, Amazon Redshift, Azure SQL Data warehouse, ndi Snowflake ndi ntchito zamtambo zomwe zimapezeka posungira deta.
Ubwino wa Data Warehouse
- Kuchulukitsa magwiridwe antchito komanso kuthamanga kwa luntha labizinesi ndi kusanthula kwa data: Malo osungira deta amafupikitsa nthawi yofunikira pokonzekera ndi kusanthula deta. Amatha kulumikizana mosavuta ndi ma analytics a data ndi zida zanzeru zamabizinesi popeza deta yochokera kumalo osungiramo data ndi yodalirika komanso yosasinthika. Kuphatikiza apo, malo osungiramo data amasunga nthawi yofunikira kuti asonkhanitse deta ndipo amapatsa magulu kuthekera kogwiritsa ntchito deta pamaripoti, ma dashboards, ndi zofunikira zina zowunikira.
- Kuchulukitsa kusasinthika, mtundu, ndi kukhazikika kwa data: Mabungwe amasonkhanitsa zidziwitso kuchokera kuzinthu zosiyanasiyana, kuphatikiza ogwiritsa ntchito, malonda, ndi zomwe zachitika. Kampaniyo imatha kukhulupirira zomwe zimafunikira pabizinesi chifukwa kusungirako deta kumaphatikiza deta yamakampani kukhala yunifolomu, mawonekedwe okhazikika omwe amatha kukhala ngati gwero limodzi lachowonadi cha data.
- Kupititsa patsogolo zisankho zonse: Kusungirako deta kumathandizira kupanga zisankho zabwinoko popereka sitolo yapakati pazomwe zaposachedwa komanso zakale. Pokonza deta m'malo osungiramo deta kuti adziwe zenizeni, opanga zisankho amatha kuwunika zoopsa, kumvetsetsa zomwe kasitomala akufuna, ndikuwonjezera katundu ndi ntchito.
- Kupereka nzeru zabwino zamabizinesi: Kusungirako deta kumatsekereza kusiyana pakati pa deta yaikulu yaiwisi, yomwe nthawi zambiri imasonkhanitsidwa mwachizoloŵezi, ndi deta yosungidwa yomwe imapereka chidziwitso. Amakhala ngati maziko osungira deta ku bungwe, kulipangitsa kuyankha mafunso ovuta okhudza deta yake ndikugwiritsa ntchito mayankho ake kupanga zisankho zotetezedwa.
Zochepa za Data Warehouse
- Kupanda kusinthasintha kwa data: Ngakhale nkhokwe zosungiramo zidziwitso zimapambana pakugwiritsa ntchito deta yokhazikika, mawonekedwe osakhazikika komanso osakhazikika monga kusanthula kwa log, kutsitsa, ndi zidziwitso zapa TV zitha kukhala zovuta kwa iwo. Izi zimapangitsa kulimbikitsa malo osungiramo data kuti agwiritse ntchito milandu yokhudzana ndi kuphunzira makina ndi nzeru zochita kupanga zovuta.
- Zokwera mtengo kukhazikitsa ndi kukonza: Malo osungira zidziwitso akhoza kukhala okwera mtengo kukhazikitsa ndi kukonza. Komanso, malo osungiramo deta nthawi zambiri sakhala okhazikika; imakalamba ndipo imafunikira kusamalidwa pafupipafupi, komwe ndi kokwera mtengo.
ubwino
- Deta ndiyosavuta kupeza, kupeza, ndikufunsa.
- Malingana ngati deta ili kale yoyera, kukonzekera kwa deta ya SQL ndikosavuta.
kuipa
- Mukukakamizika kugwiritsa ntchito wogulitsa ma analytics m'modzi yekha.
- Kusanthula ndi kusunga deta yosalongosoka kapena yotuluka ndi yokwera mtengo kwambiri.
Kodi Data Lake ndi chiyani?
Mtundu uliwonse wa data umalonjezedwa ndikutheka ndi nyanja za data. Ndizopindulitsa kukhala ndi deta m'njira yofikirika yomwe ili pakati komanso kupezeka kuti muwerenge.
A data Lake ndi malo osungika pakati, osinthika kwambiri momwe zinthu zambiri zosalongosoka zimasungidwa mosasinthidwa, zosasinthidwa, komanso zosasinthidwa.
Nyanja ya data imagwiritsa ntchito zomanga zathyathyathya ndi zinthu zosungidwa m'malo ake osakonzedwa kuti zisungidwe, mosiyana ndi malo osungiramo data, zomwe zimasunga zokhudzana ndi ubale zomwe "zinayeretsedwa kale."
Malo osungiramo data, mosiyana ndi malo osungiramo zinthu, omwe amavutika kusamalira deta mwanjira iyi, ndi osinthika, odalirika, komanso otsika mtengo ndipo amalola mabizinesi kupeza chidziwitso chowonjezereka kuchokera kuzinthu zosakonzedwa.
M'nyanja zam'madzi, deta imachotsedwa, kuyikidwa, ndi kusinthidwa (ELT) pazolinga zowunikira m'malo mokhala ndi schema kapena deta yomwe idakhazikitsidwa panthawi yosonkhanitsa deta.
Kugwiritsa ntchito matekinoloje amitundu yambiri ya data kuchokera ku zida za IoT, chikhalidwe TV, ndi kusuntha deta, nyanja za data zimathandiza kuphunzira makina ndi kusanthula zolosera.
Kuonjezera apo, wasayansi wa data yemwe angathe kukonza deta yaiwisi akhoza kugwiritsa ntchito nyanja ya data. Kumbali ina, malo osungiramo data ndi osavuta kuti mabizinesi agwiritse ntchito. Ndiwoyenera kuyika mbiri ya ogwiritsa ntchito, zowonongeka, kuphunzira makina, ndi ntchito zina.
Ngakhale nyanja za data zimathana ndi zovuta zingapo ndi malo osungiramo data, mtundu wawo wa data ndi wocheperako ndipo liwiro lawo lamafunso ndilosakwanira. Kuphatikiza apo, pamafunika zida zowonjezera kwa ogwiritsa ntchito mabizinesi kuti azichita mafunso a SQL. Dongosolo la data lomwe silinasanjidwe bwino litha kukhala ndi vuto ndi kusakhazikika kwa data.
Ubwino wa Data Lake
- Thandizo la makina osiyanasiyana ophunzirira makina ndi zochitika zogwiritsira ntchito sayansi ya deta Ndizosavuta kugwiritsa ntchito makina osiyana ndi ma algorithms ozama ophunzirira kusamalira deta m'madzi a data popeza deta imasungidwa momasuka, yaiwisi.
- Kusinthasintha kwa data Lakes, komwe kumakupatsani mwayi wosunga deta mumtundu uliwonse kapena media popanda kufunikira kwa schema yokhazikitsidwa kale, ndi mwayi waukulu. Zochitika zam'tsogolo zogwiritsa ntchito deta zitha kuthandizidwa, ndipo zambiri zitha kufufuzidwa ngati deta yasiyidwa momwe idakhalira.
- Pofuna kupewa kusunga mitundu yonse iwiri ya data muzochitika zosiyanasiyana, nyanja za data zimatha kukhala ndi data yokhazikika komanso yosalongosoka. Kwa kusungirako mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya deta ya bungwe, amapereka malo amodzi.
- Poyerekeza ndi malo osungiramo zinthu zakale, nyanja za data ndizotsika mtengo chifukwa zimamangidwa kuti zisungidwe pazinthu zotsika mtengo, monga kusungirako zinthu, zomwe nthawi zambiri zimapangidwira mtengo wotsika pa gigabyte yosungidwa.
Zochepa za Data Lake
- Kusanthula kwa data ndi zidziwitso zamabizinesi zogwiritsa ntchito bwino kwambiri: Nyanja za data zitha kukhala zosalongosoka ngati sizikusamalidwa bwino, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti zikhale zovuta kuzilumikiza kuukadaulo wamabizinesi ndi zida zowunikira. Kuonjezera apo, ngati kuli kofunikira kuti afotokoze ndi kusanthula milandu yogwiritsira ntchito, kusowa kosasinthasintha zomangamanga ndi ACID (atomicity, kusasinthasintha, kudzipatula, ndi kukhazikika) kuthandizira pakuchitapo kanthu kungayambitse ntchito yofunsa mafunso.
- Kusagwirizana kwa data Lakes kumapangitsa kuti zikhale zosatheka kulimbikitsa kudalirika kwa data ndi chitetezo, zomwe zimabweretsa kusowa kwa zonse ziwiri. Zitha kukhala zovuta kukhazikitsa miyezo yoyenera yachitetezo cha data ndi ulamuliro kuti ukwaniritse mitundu ya data yomwe ili yodziwika bwino, chifukwa nyanja za data zimatha kugwiritsa ntchito mawonekedwe aliwonse.
ubwino
- Mayankho omwe ndi otsika mtengo pamitundu yonse ya data.
- Kutha kusamalira deta yomwe ili yokonzedwa komanso yosasinthika.
- Ndiwoyenera kukonza ndi kusuntha deta yovuta.
kuipa
- Pamafunika mapaipi apamwamba kuti amangidwe.
- Perekani nthawi kuti data ikhale yofunsidwa.
- Zimatenga nthawi kutsimikizira kudalirika kwa data ndi mtundu.
Kodi Data Lakehouse ndi chiyani?
Zomangamanga zazikulu zosungiramo deta zotchedwa "data lakehouse" zimaphatikiza mbali zazikulu zamadzi am'madzi ndi malo osungira ma data. Zambiri zanu zonse, kaya zosanjidwa bwino, zosanjidwa pang'ono, kapena zosalongosoka, zitha kusungidwa pamalo amodzi ndi makina apamwamba kwambiri ophunzirira, luntha lazamalonda, komanso luso lotsatsira zomwe zingatheke chifukwa cha malo osungiramo data.
Deta nyanja zamitundu yonse nthawi zambiri ndi poyambira malo osungiramo data; pambuyo pake, deta imasinthidwa kukhala mtundu wa Delta Lake (malo osungira otsegula omwe amabweretsa kudalirika kwa nyanja za data).
Nyanja za data zomwe zili ndi nyanja za delta zimathandizira njira zogulitsira za ACID kuchokera kumalo osungira zinthu wamba. M'malo mwake, makina osungiramo nyanja amagwiritsa ntchito malo osungira otsika mtengo kuti asungitse deta yochulukirapo m'mitundu yawo yoyambirira, monga nyanja za data.
Kuwonjezera masanjidwe a metadata pamwamba pa sitolo kumaperekanso dongosolo la deta ndikupatsa mphamvu zida zoyendetsera deta monga zomwe zimapezeka m'malo osungiramo deta.
Izi zimapangitsa kuti magulu ambiri athe kupeza deta yonse ya kampani kudzera mu dongosolo limodzi lazinthu zosiyanasiyana, monga sayansi ya deta, kuphunzira makina, ndi nzeru zamabizinesi.
Ubwino wa Data Lakehouse
- Kuthandizira kuchulukirachulukira kwa ntchito: Kuti muthandizire kusanthula kwaukadaulo, malo osungiramo data amapatsa ogwiritsa ntchito mwayi wachindunji ku zida zodziwika bwino zamabizinesi (Tableau, PowerBI). Kuphatikiza apo, asayansi a data ndi akatswiri ophunzirira makina amatha kugwiritsa ntchito datayo mosavuta popeza malo osungiramo data amagwiritsa ntchito mitundu yotseguka (monga Parquet) limodzi ndi ma API ndi makina ophunzirira makina, monga Python/R.
- Kusunga ndalama: Malo osungiramo data amagwiritsira ntchito njira zosungiramo zinthu zotsika mtengo kuti agwiritse ntchito njira zosungirako zosungirako zotsika mtengo. Popereka yankho limodzi, malo osungiramo data amathetsanso ndalama ndi nthawi yokhudzana ndi kuyang'anira njira zosiyanasiyana zosungira deta.
- Mapangidwe a data lakehouse amatsimikizira schema ndi kukhulupirika kwa data, kupangitsa kuti zikhale zosavuta kupanga njira zotetezera deta ndi kayendetsedwe kabwino. Kusavuta kusintha kwa data, ulamuliro, ndi chitetezo.
- Malo osungiramo data amapereka nsanja imodzi, yochuluka yosungira deta yomwe ingagwirizane ndi zofuna zonse zamakampani, zomwe zimachepetsa kubwereza deta. Mabizinesi ambiri amasankha njira yosakanizidwa chifukwa cha phindu la malo osungiramo zinthu komanso nyanja ya data. Njira imeneyi, panthawiyi, ikhoza kupangitsa kuti deta ikhale yokwera mtengo.
- Thandizo la mawonekedwe otseguka. Mawonekedwe otseguka ndi mitundu yamafayilo omwe angagwiritsidwe ntchito ndi mapulogalamu ambiri apulogalamu komanso omwe mafotokozedwe awo amapezeka poyera. Malinga ndi malipoti, Lakehouses imatha kusunga zidziwitso m'mafayilo ofanana monga Apache Parquet ndi ORC (Optimized Row Columnar).
Zochepa za Data Lakehouse
A deta lakehouse lalikulu drawback ndi kuti akadali wamng'ono ndi chitukuko luso. Sizikudziwika ngati ikwaniritsa zomwe walonjeza. Malo osungirako zidziwitso asanayambe kupikisana ndi makina akuluakulu osungira deta, zingatenge zaka.
Komabe, kutengera kuchuluka kwazomwe zikuchitika masiku ano, ndizovuta kunena ngati njira ina yosungiramo data siyingalowe m'malo mwake.
ubwino
- Pulatifomu imodzi ili ndi data yonse, zomwe zikutanthauza kuti pali mayina ocheperako oti asamalire.
- Atomiki, kusasinthasintha, kudzipatula, ndi kulimba sizimakhudzidwa.
- Ndi yotsika mtengo kwambiri.
- Pulatifomu imodzi ili ndi data yonse, zomwe zikutanthauza kuti pali mayina ocheperako oti asamalire.
- Zosavuta kuwongolera, ndikuwongolera mwachangu zovuta zilizonse
- Pangani kukhala kosavuta kupanga payipi
kuipa
- Kukhazikitsa kungatenge nthawi.
- Ndi yaying'ono kwambiri komanso yakutali kuti muyenerere kukhala malo okhazikika osungira.
Data Warehouse Vs Data Lake Vs Data Lakehouse
Malo osungiramo data ali ndi mbiri yakale muzanzeru zamakampani, malipoti, ndi ma analytics application ndipo ndiye ukadaulo woyamba wosunga deta.
Komano, malo osungira ma data ndi okwera mtengo ndipo amavutika kusamalira mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya data, monga kusamutsa deta. Pazophunzira zamakina ndi ntchito zasayansi ya data, nyanja za data zidapangidwa kuti zizitha kuyang'anira data yaiwisi m'njira zosiyanasiyana pakusungirako kotsika mtengo.
Ngakhale nyanja za data zimagwira ntchito bwino ndi data yosakhazikika, alibe mphamvu zogulitsira za ACID za malo osungiramo deta, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti zikhale zovuta kutsimikizira kusasinthika kwa data komanso kudalirika.
Zomangamanga zatsopano kwambiri zosungira zidziwitso, zomwe zimadziwika kuti "data lakehouse," zimaphatikiza kudalirika komanso kusasinthika kwa malo osungiramo zidziwitso ndi kuthekera komanso kusinthika kwamadzi am'madzi.
Kutsiliza
Pomaliza, kupanga malo osungiramo data kuchokera pachiwonetsero kungakhale kovuta. Kuphatikiza apo, mukhala mukugwiritsa ntchito nsanja yomwe idapangidwa kuti ipangitse mamangidwe otseguka a lakehouse.
Chifukwa chake, samalani kuti mufufuze zambiri ndikugwiritsa ntchito nsanja iliyonse musanagule. Makampani omwe akufunafuna yankho la data lokhwima, lokhazikika lomwe limayang'ana kwambiri pazanzeru zamabizinesi komanso milandu yowunikira ma data angaganizire malo osungiramo zinthu.
Komabe, mabizinesi omwe akufunafuna njira yowongoka, yotsika mtengo ya data yayikulu pakuchulukira kwamphamvu kwa sayansi ya data ndi kuphunzira pamakina pama data osalongosoka ayenera kuganizira za nyanja za data.
Ganizirani kuti bizinesi yanu ikufunika data yochulukirapo kuposa momwe malo osungiramo zinthu zingakhalire komanso matekinoloje a m'nyanja ya data angapereke, kapena kuti mukuyang'ana yankho lophatikizira kusanthula kwamakono ndi kuphunzira makina pa data yanu. A data lakehouse ndi njira yanzeru muzochitikazo.
Siyani Mumakonda