Pamene mabizinesi angapo achinsinsi akukonzekera kutumiza magulu akulu a nyenyezi a satana m'zaka zikubwerazi, mpikisano watsopano wamlengalenga ukuchitika.
Pomwe mabizinesi akupikisana kuti akhale ndi ufulu wopereka kulumikizana kwa Broadband kumidzi kwa mabiliyoni a makasitomala omwe angakhalepo kuchokera pamwamba pa mitambo, kumenyera ufulu wamakampani omwe akutukuka mwachangu pa intaneti akukulirakulira.
Kufunika kopezeka pa intaneti mwachangu komanso kodalirika kumadera akumidzi ndi akutali kukukulirakulira pamene ntchito zakutali zikuyamba kuwoneka ngati zitenga nthawi yayitali kupitilira mliriwu komanso momwe chuma chapadziko lonse lapansi chikuchulukirachulukira.
Othandizira pa intaneti a satellite akuthamangira kudzaza zomwe zili, kupikisana kuti apereke intaneti yachangu, yotsika pang'onopang'ono kuchokera kumlengalenga, pomwe ma network onyamula padziko lapansi akupitilizabe kukhala "osati mawanga" padziko lonse lapansi ndipo amakumana ndi zotsika mtengo zomwe zimakhudzana ndi kubweretsa kulumikizana kwanthawi yayitali. Kufalikira ngati 5G kumadera akutali kwambiri padziko lapansi.
Elon Musk's Starlink ndi Project Kuiper ya Amazon pakadali pano akupikisana kuti achitepo kanthu pamsika wapa telecom womwe ukutuluka, ngakhale siwokhawo omwe akupikisana nawo. Mmodzi mwa otsutsana atatu akuluakulu mu magulu a nyenyezi a intaneti a LEO (low earth orbit) ndi kuyankha kwa Amazon ku Starlink ndi Project Kuiper.
Mu Epulo 2019, Amazon idavumbulutsa Project Kuiper koyamba. Ntchito ya intaneti ya satellite idayambitsidwa ndi Amazon chaka chamawa ndikuyika ndalama za $ 10 biliyoni.
Project Kuiper, monga Starlink, ikufuna kusunga masatelayiti masauzande masauzande ambiri m'njira yotsika kwambiri padziko lapansi kuti aulutse ndikulandila zidziwitso kuchokera kumalo ogwiritsira ntchito komanso masiteshoni apansi. Ngakhale kutumizidwa konseko kungatenge zaka khumi kapena kupitilira apo, zoyambitsa ziwiri zoyambirira za Project Kuiper zakonzedwa kumapeto kwa 2022.
Tifotokoza za kusiyana pakati pa Project Kuiper ndi Starlink mu positiyi. Tikambirana za kapangidwe ka magulu a nyenyezi a satana, masiteshoni apansi, zida za ogwiritsa ntchito, ndi nthawi yotumizira.
Kodi Project Kuiper ndi chiyani?
Kulowera kwa Amazon pa intaneti ya satellite ndi Ntchito Kuiper, yomwe idalengezedwa kumapeto kwa chaka cha 2019. Gulu la nyenyezi la satellite lomwe likuyembekezeka kuti lizithandizira maukondewa, ndizabwino kwambiri zakuthambo chifukwa cha zinthu zopanda malire zomwe Amazon ingathandizire, monga Starlink.
Malinga ndi malipoti, Kuiper adawononga $ 10 biliyoni kuti atenge ma satelayiti ake 3,236 mu orbit kuyambira pomwe adalandira chilolezo cha FCC kuti ayambe kuyambitsa satellite mu Julayi chaka chatha. Amazon inanena m'mawu ake kuti "ntchito yayikulu chonchi imafuna ntchito yayikulu komanso ndalama zambiri, ndipo poganizira momwe magulu a nyenyezi a LEO alili, si mtundu wantchito womwe ungayambe pang'ono."
Pofuna kupereka intaneti kwa makasitomala omwe sali otetezedwa, mapulani a Amazon a Kuiper, omwe adatchedwa katswiri wa zakuthambo Gerard Kuiper, amafuna kuti ma satelayiti ang'onoang'ono a 3,236 apangidwe pansi pa Earth orbit.
Komabe, kudumpha kwakukuluku kuyenera kutsogozedwa ndi masitepe awiri ang'onoang'ono, omwe adzakhala mayeso omwe kampani ikukonzekera kuchita mu gawo lachinayi la 2022.
Pamaulendo awa, bizinesiyo yalemba ganyu womanga roketi watsopano. Ndipo si Blue Origin, kampani ya mlengalenga yomwe idakhazikitsidwa ndi Jeff Bezos, mlengi wa Amazon, yomwe tsopano yapanga ndege ziwiri zonyamula anthu, zonyamula anthu kupita mumlengalenga ngati Bezos ndi wosewera William Shatner.
Blue Origin sinatumize katundu mumlengalenga. M'malo mwake, Amazon idzagwiritsa ntchito maroketi a ABL Space Systems' RS1 kuti akhazikitse ma prototypes ake a KuiperSat-1 ndi KuiperSat-2 m'njira zamtunda wamakilomita 367 kuchokera ku Cape Canaveral Space Force Station ku Florida, komwe kuli pafupi ndi Kennedy Space Center.
Kodi Starlink ndi chiyani?
Starlink ndi gulu la nyenyezi la satellite lomwe limapereka kulumikizidwa kwa intaneti kothamanga kwambiri. Cholinga cha SpaceX ndi ntchito yatsopanoyi ndikubweretsa ma intaneti othamanga kwambiri, otsika pang'ono kumadera ena adziko lapansi omwe anali osatetezedwa kale, monga madera akumidzi, komanso kuti apereke mitengo yampikisano m'matauni. S
tarlink idalengezedwa koyamba mu 2015 ndi CEO wa SpaceX Elon Musk (wotchuka wa Tesla). Kuyambira pamenepo, pulogalamuyi yakhazikitsa ma satelayiti pafupifupi 2,000, ndi zina zambiri.
Musk pamapeto pake amalinganiza masauzande masauzande ambiri ozungulira mozungulira Earth orbit kuti alumikizane ndi ma transceivers onse a Starlink. Makasitomala amayika kachipangizo kakang'ono ka satana m'nyumba zawo kuti alumikizane ndi ma satellite. Ma satellite terminals, omwe mafotokozedwe ake aposachedwa adalandira chilolezo cha FCC mu Novembala 2021, amatha kukhazikitsidwa paliponse pomwe thambo limawonekera.
Anthu ambiri amapeza kuti kuchita bwino kwambiri kumabwera chifukwa choyiyika pamwamba kwambiri, pamtengo kapena padenga la nyumba yawo. Pogwiritsa ntchito pulogalamu ya Starlink, yomwe imagwirizana ndi Android ndi iOS, mutha kudziwa komwe zida zanu ziyenera kuyikidwa.
Ntchitoyi imatha kutsitsa mitengo ya 50 mpaka 150 Mbps ndikukweza kuthamanga kwa 10 Mbps, malinga ndi tsamba la Starlink. Kaya mukusewera magemu, kugwira ntchito kutali, kuwulutsa zinthu, kapena kuchita maphunziro a pa intaneti, liwiro limenelo liyenera kukhala lokwanira pa zosowa zapakhomo.
Chifukwa choyesetsa kukulitsa kuchuluka kwa ma satelayiti omwe amazungulira kuti azitha kuwululidwa, Starlink nthawi zina imakumana ndi zosokoneza. Kupeza malo oti akhazikitse mbale yawo kuti athe kulandira chithandizo chokhazikika tsiku lonse nthawi zambiri kumakhala vuto lalikulu kwa makasitomala.
Mwachilengedwe, ichi ndichifukwa chake gawo la beta la Starlink limatchedwa "Kuposa Kanthu."
Project Kuiper vs Starlink
1. Ma satellite omwe alipo
Starlink inali ndi ma satelayiti opitilira 2,000 mu orbit kuyambira Epulo 2022. Palibe ma satelayiti ochokera ku Project Kuiper omwe akuyenda pakali pano, koma awiri awo oyamba akuyembekezeka kukhazikitsidwa kumapeto kwa 2022. Pama satellite pafupifupi 12,000, FCC idavomereza SpaceX's Starlink.
Starlink yanena poyera m'zaka makumi angapo zikubwerazi kuti ikhoza kuwonjezera ma satelayiti 30,000 pazombo zake. Pagulu lawo la nyenyezi, Project Kuiper yapanga mapangidwe a ma satelayiti 3,276.
Mabizinesi onsewa akukonzekera maukonde padziko lonse lapansi. Maukonde onsewa atha kutumikira mamiliyoni a ogwiritsa ntchito padziko lonse lapansi omwe sangakhale ndi intaneti ya Broadband atatumizidwa kwathunthu ndi satellite.
2. Kuyika kwa satellite ndi kuyambitsa
Kuyambira Meyi 2019, Starlink yayamba kuyambitsa ma satellite. Achita zowulutsa pafupifupi 40, ndikuyika ma satellite 60 pa chilichonse. Mpaka akwaniritse cholinga chawo cha 12,000 ma satelayiti ogwira ntchito, bizinesi ikufuna kupitiliza kuyambitsanso pamlingo wofananira.
Palibe ma satelayiti ochokera ku Project Kuiper omwe ali munjira pano.
Kukhazikitsa kwa ziwiri zoyamba kukonzedwa kumapeto kwa 2022. Project Kuiper idakhazikitsa mapangano oyambitsa mu Epulo 2022 ndi oyendetsa atatu ofunikira pakukhazikitsa 83 pazaka khumi zotsatira.
3. Kutalika kwa Orbit
Ma satellites omwe ali m'mphepete mwa dziko lapansi amagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi Project Kuiper ndi Starlink (LEO). Njira yomwe ili pamtunda wa makilomita 1,200 pamwamba pa dziko lapansi imatchedwa LEO. Lingaliro la wosuta la kuchepa kwa latency ndi phindu limodzi logwiritsa ntchito ma satellites ku LEO.
Starlink yawonetsa kale latency yapadziko lonse lapansi yotsika ngati 20ms, yomwe imapikisana ndi burodi yokhazikika. Ma satellites omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi omwe akhazikitsidwa pa intaneti monga Viasat ndi HughesNet ali mu geosynchronous orbit, yomwe ili pamtunda wa makilomita 22,000 pamwamba pa dziko lapansi.
High latency imapangidwa, nthawi zambiri kupitirira 600ms, ndi mtunda waukulu uwu. Izi zimapangitsa kuti ntchito zawo zikhale zosayenera pazochita zambiri zapaintaneti zomwe zimakhala ndi latency, kuphatikiza masewera a pa intaneti.
Kutalika kwa 340-mile orbital kwa ma satelayiti a Starlink. Ma satellite a Project Kuiper adzazungulira pakati pa 370 ndi 390 mailosi pamwamba pa dziko lapansi.
4. Chipangizo cha Hardware
Mawonekedwe ang'onoang'ono owoneka ngati mbale a Starlink amakhala ndi tinyanga tating'onoting'ono. Chakudyacho chimalemera pafupifupi mapaundi 11 ndipo ndi kukula kwa mbale ya pizza.
Router ya Wi-Fi ndi maziko okwera amaphatikizidwanso mu phukusi la hardware. Zida zosiyanasiyana zoyikira ndi chingwe zomwe zimapezeka ngati zowonjezera zimaperekedwa payekhapayekha.
Malo ogwiritsira ntchito Project Kuiper sanawonekere poyera. Koma malinga ndi Amazon, ikhala yophatikizika komanso yopepuka kuposa mbale ya Starlink.
Cholinga chachikulu cha malo ogwiritsira ntchito a Project Kuiper ndi kukhala otsika mtengo kuti awonjezere ntchito zopanga. Mlongoti wa Project Kuiper adzagwiritsa ntchito ukadaulo wagawo, monga mbale ya Starlink.
5. Kuchita
Poyerekeza ndi zosankha zina zapaintaneti za satellite, Starlink imachita bwino. Pofika pa Q4 2021, liwiro lapakati lotsitsa linali pafupifupi 100 Mbps, pomwe liwiro lotsitsa linali pafupifupi 12 Mbps.
The latency ikufanana ndi burodibandi yokhazikika pa 20-40 ms. Popeza kuti opereka monga HughesNet ndi Viasat ali ndi latency values kuposa 600ms, latency performance ndiyabwino kwambiri.
Starlink ndiyoyenera kugwiritsa ntchito latency-sensitive application ngati masewera a pa intaneti, mosiyana ndi omwe akupikisana nawo. Pantchito yake yapaintaneti yapa satellite, Project Kuiper sinafotokoze zomwe akufuna kuchita.
Tikuyembekeza kuti kuthamanga kungafanane ndi Starlink chifukwa mlongoti wa magawo angapo amatha kutsitsa deta pamitengo yopitilira 300 Mbps.
Chifukwa cha ma satelayiti onsewa akukhazikitsidwa mozungulira kutalika komweko, chomwe ndi chinthu chachikulu chomwe chimakhudza latency ndi intaneti ya satellite, latency ya Project Kuiper iyenera kufanana ndi Starlink's.
6. Mtengo
Mtengo woyamba wa phukusi la Starlink hardware ndi $599. Palibe mapangano kapena chindapusa chothetsa msanga, ndipo kulembetsa pamwezi ndi $110 pamwezi.
Kutsika kwa mitengo ndi chinthu chokhacho chomwe chinatchulidwa ndi Starlink monga chifukwa chachikulu cha kukwera kwa mtengo kwa ogula mu March 2022. Zida za hardware poyamba zinagula $ 499, ndipo malipiro a mwezi uliwonse adayikidwa pa $ 99 pamwezi.
Ngakhale mtengo wa Project Kuiper sunaululidwe, Amazon yanena kuti ikufuna kupereka mitengo yopikisana. Tikuyembekeza Project Kuiper kuti ifanane kapena kuchepetsa mtengo wa Starlink, kutengera kudzipereka kwa Amazon popereka malo ogwiritsira ntchito otsika mtengo.
7. Ntchito Zopezeka
Beta yapagulu ya Starlink idayamba mu Novembala 2019. Pakadali pano, ntchitoyi ikupezeka m'maiko ambiri padziko lonse lapansi. Starlink ili ndi mamembala opitilira 250,000, ndipo makasitomala ena 500,000 akudikirira. Gawo loyambirira lachitukuko cha Project Kuiper likupitirirabe.
Ntchitoyi idawululidwa mu 2019, ndipo malinga ndi Amazon, ma satelayiti awiri adzakhala akugwira ntchito pofika chaka cha 2022. Palibe zambiri zomwe zilipo tsopano za momwe Project Kuiper ikufuna kuwonetsa ntchito zake kwa makasitomala.
Kutsiliza
Pakali pano sitikudziwa zambiri za Project Kuiper. Zomwe tikudziwa ndizakuti Project Kuiper itulutsa intaneti yapadziko lonse lapansi pogwiritsa ntchito ma terminals otsika mtengo komanso ma satellite a LEO, omwe ali ofanana ndi Starlink.
Zambiri zokhudzana ndi magwiridwe antchito ndi mtengo wake ziyenera kuchedwetsedwa.
Kuphatikiza pazidziwitso zotere, sizikudziwikabe ngati Amazon ipereka chithandizo chachindunji chamakasitomala ofanana ndi Starlink. Amazon itha kugwiritsa ntchito mabizinesi amchigawo, makontrakitala odziyimira pawokha, ndi zina zambiri kuti apereke ntchito yake yapa satellite.
Siyani Mumakonda