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Imelo ndi njira yotumizira mauthenga kuchokera pa intaneti kupita ku ina pa intaneti munthawi yeniyeni. Kugwiritsa ntchito maimelo poyambirira kunali kwa ogwiritsa ntchito pakompyuta yomweyo, ndipo zimafuna kuti ogwiritsa ntchito azikhala pa intaneti kuti alandire mauthenga.
Nthawi yadutsa, ndipo tsopano tikudziwa momwe bokosi la makalata limawonekera. Uthengawu ukhoza kutumizidwa kwa anthu angapo oulandira, ndipo dzina la wolandira likhoza kubisika kwa ena oulandira poikamo mayina awo mu gawo la Bcc. Monga tonse tikudziwa, imelo ndi njira yotchuka yolumikizirana ndi ena, kaya ndi bizinesi, kutsatsa, kuyang'anira zochitika, kapena chifukwa china chilichonse.
Ngakhale pali ambiri opereka maimelo apamwamba omwe alipo, monga Gmail, Outlook, Yahoo, Apple, Proton, ndi ena ambiri, pakufunikabe kumvetsetsa zomwe imelo imaperekedwa. dongosolo dongosolo ndi.
Ngati mukufuna kudziwa zambiri za momwe imelo imapangidwira, ndiye kuti izi ndi zanu. Chifukwa chake, positi iyi ikupatsirani chithunzithunzi chapamwamba cha dongosolo la Imelo.
Email System Components
Wogwiritsa Ntchito Imelo - The Mail User Agent (MUA) ndi pulogalamu yomwe imakulolani kulemba, kutumiza, ndi kulandira maimelo.
Wothandizira Maimelo - The Mail Transfer Agent (MTA) ndi amene amayang'anira makalata onse olowa ndi otuluka.
Host Mail - Wotumiza makalata ndi seva yomwe imatumiza ndi kulandira makalata kwa wolandira kapena netiweki. Maimelo adzasungidwa m'mabokosi a makalata pa seva yamakalata.
Domain Name Server - Kuti mudziwe komwe imelo iyenera kutumizidwa, dongosolo la dzina la domain (DNS) ndilofunika. Dongosolo lomwe limasintha mayina amadomeni ngati youtube.com, google.com, ndi ena kukhala ma adilesi a IP monga 192.198.0.1.
Pulogalamu Yosavuta Yosinthira Makalata - Ndilo gawo lofunikira kwambiri popeza limapangidwa ngati pulogalamu ya seva yomwe imayendetsa maimelo anu, kuwatumiza ku seva yoyenera, ndikutumiza mauthenga. Nthawi zonse imayang'ana makalata atsopano omwe angatumizidwe. Imelo yotuluka imatsimikiziridwanso ndi SMTP kutsimikizira kuti imachokera ku akaunti yeniyeni yogwiritsa ntchito.
Mapangidwe Apamwamba
Migwirizano Yofunika Yopanga Imelo
Ngakhale kuti mumadziwa kale zomwe zili mu imelo, ndizothandizabe kumvetsetsa zigawo zomwe zimapanga imodzi.
Imelo wamba imakhala ndi magawo awiri: mutu ndi thupi.
Gawo loyamba limatchedwa mutu.
Zigawo zomwe ziyenera kumalizidwa
- Yemwe adatumiza imelo ku:
- Kodi imelo imatumizidwa kwa ndani?
- Kodi imelo idatuluka liti?
Magawo okhala ndi zosankha
- Kodi mutu wa imelo ndi chiyani?
- CC: ndani winanso yemwe ayenera kuphatikizidwa mu imelo ngati wolandila
Mutu waukulu wa malemba
- Zida ndi zolemba zina zokonzedwa, monga HTML, zikhoza kuphatikizidwa mu gawo la thupi.
- Gawo la thupi la gawo lovomerezeka likutengera zomwe wopereka chithandizo amalola mu thupi la imelo.
Ndikofunikira kumvetsetsa zigawo za imelo chifukwa ndizomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pa imelo wamba. Wogwiritsa ntchito aliyense amene akufuna kugwiritsa ntchito bwino dongosololi ayenera kukhala ndi chilankhulo chokhazikika chomwe ndi chosavuta kumva.
Imelo adilesi
Mphamvu ndi magwiridwe antchito otumizira ndi kulandira maimelo ziyenera kuperekedwa momveka bwino kwa wogwiritsa ntchito imelo. Adilesi ya imelo imafunika munthu asanatumize imelo.
Imelo iliyonse ndi yapadera.
- Kupanda kutero, DNS idzatenga ma adilesi onse a imelo ngati adilesi ya IP yomweyo, yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito kusankha komwe mungatumizire/kulandira maimelo ngati maimelo sali apadera.
Username/AddressName @ DomainName ndiye mtundu wodziwika kwambiri wa imelo.
- Mwachitsanzo, "timu" ndi malowedwe, "@" ndi @ chizindikiro, ndipo "opengenus.org" ndi dzina lachidziwitso ("opengenus.org").
Dzina lolowera lidzagwiritsidwa ntchito kuzindikira adilesi yapadera kutengera adilesi ya IP ya dzina la domain.
Email System Ntchito
1. Ma seva omwe amasunga ndi kutumiza deta
Positi Office Protocol (POP) ndi chitsanzo cha kamangidwe kofunikira komwe seva imasunga mauthenga mpaka wogwiritsa ntchitoyo atawapeza ndi kuwatsitsa - kukhala ndi mwayi wopeza maimelo omwe adatsitsidwa nthawi iliyonse (ngakhale atakhala kuti alibe intaneti).
2. Kusunga maimelo a seva yokha
M'malo mosunga maimelo onse pakompyuta ya kasitomala, njira ina komanso yopambana ingakhale kuwasunga onse pa seva. Mawonedwe a imelo ndi ofanana pamakina onse, ndipo woperekayo nthawi zambiri amasunga maimelo m'malo apakati ndikugwira ntchito zamakalata kumbali ya seva.
3. Caching machitidwe kumapeto kasitomala
Njira yodziwika bwino ndi yomwe makasitomala amayenera kusunga maimelo osungidwa pamakina awo pomwe ma seva amasunga maimelo mpaka kalekale. Maimelo amathandizidwa, ndipo machitidwe apamwamba a makalata (kufufuza / kusefa / maimelo atsopano / etc) amapezeka ngakhale kompyuta itazimitsidwa.
Kodi imelo imayenda bwanji mkati?
Tiyeni tiwone momwe imelo imatumizidwa. Maimelo, monganso zina zapaintaneti, amatumizidwa ngati mapaketi angapo pa protocol ya TCP/IP ya intaneti. Ndondomekoyi yagawidwa m'magawo atatu:
- Imelo ikatumizidwa, protocol ya TCP imayigawa m'mapaketi (), iliyonse yomwe ili ndi ma adilesi a wotumiza ndi wolandila.
- Mapaketi amatumizidwa kumalo omwe akufuna kudzera pa protocol ya IP. Ma routers a pa intaneti amayang'ana adilesi ya paketi iliyonse kuti adziwe njira yabwino kwambiri yofikira seva yomwe imelo ikupita. Mapaketi amatumizidwa ku rauta yotsatira pamene njira yakonzedwa. Kuchuluka kwa kuchuluka kwa magalimoto pa netiweki iliyonse, mwachitsanzo, kumakhudza momwe mapaketi a imelo amayendetsedwera.
- Mapaketi akafika pa seva ya imelo ya wolandirayo, TCP imawasonkhanitsanso mumtundu woyambirira wa imelo (omwe wolandila angawerenge).
Ma seva a Imelo (SMTP & MTA)
Mosiyana ndi bokosi lamakalata, pomwe makalata anu onse amayendetsedwa ndi wothandizira m'modzi, positi ofesi, imelo imagwira maimelo obwera ndi otuluka padera. Pali mitundu iwiri yosiyana ya ma seva.
Simple Mail Transfer System (SMTP) ndi njira yotumizira maimelo yomwe imakulolani kutumiza ndi kulandira mauthenga pa intaneti. SMTP ndi protocol yomwe imakhala ndi chidziwitso chokhudza kutumiza kwa imelo ndipo imagwiritsidwa ntchito pamakalata otuluka.
A Mail Transfer Agent (MTA) ndi pulogalamu ya seva yomwe imatumiza maimelo pogwiritsa ntchito Simple Mail Transfer Protocol (SMTP). MTA yokhazikitsidwa ndi kasitomala, yomwe imaphatikizapo kukhazikitsa mapulogalamu kuti mupeze maimelo (monga Outlook), ndi MTA yochokera pa intaneti, yomwe imapezeka kudzera pa msakatuli, ndi mitundu iwiri ya MTAs (Gmail, mwachitsanzo).
Aliyense amene ali ndi kompyuta akhoza kugwiritsa ntchito MTA. Ndi zophweka, ndipo MTA idzasamalira makalata omwe akubwera. Kuthamangitsa MTA yanu kuti mutumize maimelo ambiri ochulukirapo pomwe kukhalabe ndi kuthekera kwakukulu kungakhale kovuta.
Pali zikhalidwe zina zomwe ziyenera kutsatiridwa. Kukanika kuwatsatira kudzasokoneza luso lanu lotumiza makalata pa nthawi yake. Kukonza makasitomala anu kuti agwiritse ntchito seva ya SMTP ya ISP yanu m'malo mokhazikitsa ndi kuyendetsa yanu ndi njira yachangu, yosavuta.
Mauthenga a Imelo
Positi Office Protocol (POP) ndi chidule cha Post Office Protocol. Imelo imatengedwanso pogwiritsa ntchito pulogalamuyo. POP3 imalola wogwiritsa ntchito imelo kuwona maimelo awo osungidwa pa seva muakaunti yawo ya ogwiritsa. Simukuyenera kukhala pa intaneti kuti mupeze maimelo anu. Kuti mupeze imelo, muyenera kusiya kopi pa seva.
IMAP (Internet Message Access Protocol) ndi otsogola pang'ono pankhani ya kasamalidwe ka imelo. Makasitomala a IMAP ndi maseva amakhala ndi zokambirana ziwiri. Mosiyana ndi POP, protocol ya IMAP imasunga zobwereza za uthenga uliwonse pa seva kuti zitha kupezeka ndi makasitomala ambiri. Mukalandira imelo, protocol iyi imagwiritsidwa ntchito. Mukamagwiritsa ntchito IMAP, maimelo amakhalabe pa seva m'malo motsitsidwa kubokosi la makalata la wogwiritsa ntchito ndikuchotsedwa.
Kumbuyo kwa dongosolo la imelo, pali zigawo zambiri zovuta kwambiri.
Ndikukhulupirira kuti tsopano mukumvetsa bwino maimelo, kuphatikiza ma protocol, ma seva, ndi zida zina.
Siyani Mumakonda