M'ndandanda wazopezekamo[Bisani][Show]
Elon Musk amadziŵika bwino chifukwa cha maloto ake oyambitsa miyala ku Mars, magalimoto a robot amagetsi akukumba mobisa, ndi teknoloji yogwiritsira ntchito ndi malingaliro athu. Zimatengera kulinganiza kochuluka kuti dziko lapansi lomwe amaliganizira m'mutu mwake likwaniritsidwe.
Ganizirani za kuthekera kotha kuwongolera makina ndi ubongo wathu. Sitikuganiza kuti lingalirolo ndi loipa monga momwe timaganizira.
Musk adayambitsa Neuralink, kampani ya neural tech, mu 2016 ndi cholinga chachikulu chopeza symbiosis ndi nzeru zochita kupanga ndikupanga dongosolo lomwe limalola kulumikizana ndi AI.
Alim Louis Benabid, kumbali ina, wakhala ndi zotsatira zapadziko lonse lapansi pakupanga Deep Brain Stimulation for Parkinson's disease ndi matenda ena oyenda.
Mwinamwake mukudabwa chifukwa chake ndikukamba za Neuralink ndi Deep Brain Stimulation. Lingaliro kumbuyo kwawo ndi lofanana chifukwa amaika tchipisi m'mitu yathu ndikutipatsa ulamuliro kudzera pa AI.
Tidzayang'ana Neuralink ndi Deep Brain Stimulation mu positiyi, kuphatikizapo momwe amagwirira ntchito, zomwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito, kusiyana kwakukulu, zoopsa, ndi ubwino ndi zovuta za aliyense.
Choncho mangani ndi kukonzekera ulendo wapathengo, wodziwa zambiri.
Neuralink ndi chiyani?
Neuralink ndi ukadaulo, makamaka Brain-Machine Interface, yomwe imayikidwa muubongo wanu opaleshoni, kukulolani kuti mulumikizane ndikuwongolera makina.
Idzathandizanso pakuphunzira za mphamvu zamagetsi muubongo ndikupanga njira zothetsera mavuto osiyanasiyana azachipatala.
Chipset cha Neuralink, chotchedwa N1 chipset, chidzayikidwa mu chigaza, chomwe ndi 8mm m'mimba mwake ndipo chimaphatikizapo zingwe zingapo zomwe zimakhala ndi maelekitirodi ndi kutsekemera kwa mawaya.
Zingwezi zidzayikidwa mu ubongo wanu ndi robot.
Malinga ndi bizinesiyo, mawayawo ndi okhuthala ma 100 ma micrometer komanso okhuthala ngati ma neuron muubongo. Zida zingapo zitha kuyikidwa mkati mwa chigaza kuti ziloze madera osiyanasiyana a ubongo.
Kodi ntchito?
Mukukumbukira filimu yochita masewera ya The Matrix ya m'ma 1990? Mukukumbukira momwe Neo (Keanu Reeves) amaphunzirira masewera omenyera nkhondo pongoyika pulogalamu yapakompyuta muubongo wake?
Ngakhale Neuralink sangathe kutiphunzitsa masewera a karati, idzatha kutumiza ndi kulandira mphamvu zamagetsi kudzera mu ubongo kuti zigwiritse ntchito zipangizo.
Kuti timvetsetse momwe Neuralink imagwirira ntchito, choyamba tiyenera kumvetsetsa kuti ubongo wathu umapereka chidziwitso kumadera osiyanasiyana a thupi lanu kudzera mu neuroni; ma neuron awa muubongo wanu amalumikizana wina ndi mnzake kupanga maukonde akulu ndikulumikizana ndi ma siginecha amankhwala otchedwa neurotransmitters.
Kuyanjana kumeneku kumapanga gawo lamagetsi, lomwe tingathe kujambula poyika maelekitirodi pafupi.
Maelekitirodi amenewa amatha kusanthula ma siginecha amagetsi muubongo wathu ndikuwasamutsira mu algorithm yomwe makina amatha kuyifotokoza. Neuralink idzatha kuwerenga malingaliro athu ndikupanga njira yolumikizirana ndi makina popanda kutsegula pakamwa pathu.
Cholinga cha N1 chip ndikujambula ndikuyambitsa ma spikes amagetsi mkati mwa ubongo wathu. Tidzakhalanso odziwa luso latsopano mothandizidwa ndi ntchito yapadera.
Kodi Deep Brain Stimulation ndi chiyani?
Kulimbikitsidwa Kwambiri kwa Ubongo (DBS) ndi chithandizo cha minyewa chomwe chimagwiritsa ntchito kukondoweza kwamagetsi kuchiza matenda monga Parkinson's disease (PD), kunjenjemera kofunikira, ndi multiple sclerosis. DBS imagwiritsidwa ntchito kuthana ndi zovuta zoyenda monga kunjenjemera, kuuma, kuyenda movutikira, komanso kuyenda mwaulesi.
Ngakhale kuti DBS sichitha kuchiritsa matenda ambiri, imatha kuchepetsa zizindikiro ndikuchepetsa kuchuluka kwa mankhwala ofunikira.
Zolakwika zamagetsi m'zigawo za ubongo zomwe zimayang'anira kayendetsedwe kake zimatulutsa zizindikiro zokhudzana ndi kayendedwe ka matenda a Parkinson ndi matenda ena amitsempha.
DBS ilibe zotsatira zoipa pa minofu ya ubongo. M'malo mwake, imachepetsa zilakolako zolakwika zomwe zimatulutsa kunjenjemera ndi zizindikiro zina zakuyenda.
Kodi ntchito?
Ma elekitirodi amalowetsedwa kumalo enaake a ubongo malinga ndi zizindikiro zomwe zimathandizidwa ndi Deep Brain Stimulation. Kulowetsako kumachitika kudzera m'mabowo ang'onoang'ono pamwamba pa chigaza kumanzere ndi kumanja kwa ubongo.
Ma elekitirodi amalumikizidwa ndi chotsitsimutsa cha batri pansi pa khungu la chifuwa ndi zingwe zazitali zomwe zimayenda pansi pa khungu ndi pansi pa khosi. Ikatsegulidwa, chotsitsimutsa chimatulutsa mphamvu zamagetsi zomwe zimasokoneza zizindikiro zolakwika za mitsempha zomwe zimayambitsa kugwedezeka, kuuma, ndi zizindikiro zina.
Dongosolo la DBS limapangidwa ndi zigawo zitatu zomwe zimayikidwa mkati mwa thupi:
- Neurostimulator ndi chipangizo chothandizira pacemaker choyendetsedwa ndi batri chomwe chimapanga mphamvu zamagetsi. Amalowetsedwa pakhungu la pachifuwa, pansi pa kolala, kapena pamimba.
- Kutsogolera - waya wokutira wokhala ndi maelekitirodi ambiri kunsonga komwe kumatumiza kugunda kwamagetsi ku minofu yaubongo. Amalowetsedwa muubongo ndipo amalumikizidwa ndi chingwe cholumikizira kudzera pabowo laling'ono lachigaza.
- Chowonjezera ndi waya womwe umalumikiza kutsogolo kwa neurostimulator. Amalowetsedwa pansi pa khungu ndipo amachoka kumutu mpaka kukhutu, pansi pa khosi, mpaka pachifuwa.
Dongosolo la DBS limayatsidwa ndikuzimitsidwa ndi wodwala pogwiritsa ntchito chipangizo chonyamula. Dokotala amakonza zokhazikitsira zolimbikitsa pogwiritsa ntchito chipangizo chopanda zingwe.
Monga momwe mkhalidwe wa wodwalayo umasinthasintha pakapita nthawi, magawo olimbikitsa amatha kusinthidwa. DBS sichivulaza minofu ya ubongo monga njira zina monga pallidotomy kapena thalamotomy.
Kodi pali kusiyana kotani pakati pa Neuralink ndi Deep Brain Stimulation (DBS)?
Ponena za kusiyana pakati pa Neuralink ndi Deep Brain Stimulation, ganizirani izi:
- Neuralink ndi chipangizo chomwe chimagwiritsa ntchito maelekitirodi ang'onoang'ono angapo kuti atsegule pamwamba pa ubongo. Amayikidwa mwachindunji mu minofu ya subcutaneous ya chigaza. Kumbali ina, DBS masiku ano ili ndi maelekitirodi awiri omwe amaikidwa m'madera akuya muubongo, zingwe zowonjezera zolumikiza maelekitirodi ku chipangizo chachikulu cha batri, ndi zida zamagetsi zopangidwa ndi thupi la batri.
- Chigawo cha electrode chimayikidwa mu ubongo ndipo chimagwirizanitsidwa ndi batri, yomwe ili mu subcutaneous wosanjikiza pamwamba pa nthiti, kupyolera mu zingwe zowonjezera. Njira yonseyi imachitidwa pansi pa mankhwala oletsa ululu, ndipo odwala amakhalabe maso, monga ndi teknoloji ya Neuralink.
- Kusiyanitsa kwina ndikuti chipangizo chaukadaulo cha Neuralink chimafunikira kuyitanitsa maola 24 aliwonse. DBS imafuna kulipiritsa milungu 1-2 iliyonse, ndipo moyo wa batri uli pafupi zaka 20-25.
Kodi Neuralink imapereka chithandizo chabwinoko kuposa Kulimbikitsa Ubongo Wakuya?
Malinga ndi m'modzi mwa akatswiri a Neuralink omwe ali mu gulu lowoneka bwino la neuroscience, ukadaulo uwu uli ndi kuthekera kopereka mawonekedwe owoneka bwino kwa omwe akuwonongeka kwa retina kapena akhungu chifukwa chovulala m'maso.
Lingaliro ndi kuyika kamera molunjika mu kotekisi yowoneka ndikuyambitsa masauzande, kapena masauzande, a maelekitirodi kuti afanizire chithunzi chowonekera.
M'tsogolomu, teknoloji yomweyi ingagwiritsidwe ntchito popanga mtundu wina wa mawonedwe amutu. Dziko lapansi limatha kuwonedwa pamafunde angapo monga ultraviolet, infrared, ndi radar. Kuti mukhale ndi maso opambana aumunthu, zomwe munthu ayenera kuchita ndikuzindikira ma frequency awo ndikusintha mwamphamvu sensa.
Kumbali ina, DBS nthawi zambiri imakhala yopindulitsa kwa magulu atatu a matenda Parkinson odwala:
- Omwe ali ndi zizindikiro zomwe amachita bwino ndi mankhwala koma amapirira kusinthasintha kwakukulu kwa magalimoto ndi ma dyskinesia pambuyo poti mankhwala atha, ngakhale atasintha mankhwala.
- Ndi kunjenjemera kosalamulirika amene sanayankhe mankhwala.
- Ndi zizindikiro zoyenda, ndani angapindule ndi mlingo waukulu kapena wochuluka wa mankhwala koma sangathe kutero chifukwa cha zotsatira zoipa.
Oscilloscopes perekani zidziwitso zowonekera pama board osindikizidwa (PCBs). Mofananamo, chida cha Neuralink chikhoza kupereka kuwala pa ntchito zosiyanasiyana za ubongo. “Kugwiritsa ntchito luso limeneli, pamapeto pake mudzaphunzira zambiri zokhudza mmene ubongo umagwirira ntchito,” anatero wofufuzayo.
Dystonia ndi matenda osowa kwambiri oyenda, koma zizindikiro zake - kaimidwe kosasinthika ndi zopindika - zitha kuthandizidwa ndi DBS mankhwala akalephera kupereka mpumulo waukulu. Kuyankha kwa munthu ku DBS kumatsimikiziridwa ndi etiology ya dystonia, yomwe ingakhale yobadwa nayo, mankhwala osokoneza bongo, kapena chikhalidwe china.
Ngati chifukwa chake sichidziwika, adotolo atha kuyitanitsa mayeso ochulukirapo ngati gawo la ntchito ya DBS.
Tsopano ganizirani a tsogolo lopanda matenda momwe mumadziwa zomwe zidzakuchitikireni zisanachitike, kukulolani kuti mupewe ndi matekinoloje awa. Tidzatha kuzindikira zizindikiro za mankhwala mu ubongo komanso mphamvu zamagetsi, zomwe zimatilola kupewa matenda asanayambe.
Kumbali ina, vuto lodziwika bwino loyenda ndilo kugwedezeka kofunikira, ndi DBS ingakhale chithandizo chothandiza, makamaka pazochitika zoopsa kwambiri pamene kugwedeza kungakhale kofooketsa, kumakhudza ntchito za tsiku ndi tsiku monga kuvala, kudzikongoletsa, kudya, kapena kumwa.
DBS imatha kupititsa patsogolo miyoyo ya anthu ndikuwathandiza kuti azigwira ntchito bwino chifukwa kunjenjemera ndi chizindikiro chokha cha chivomezi chofunikira.
Ndife anthu ndipo zikumbukiro zimatha ndi nthawi. Amasinthidwa, ndipo nkhani zawo zimasinthidwa. Pamene zaka zikupita, Baibulo loyambirira silikupezekanso. Lingaliro la kukumbukira zomwe zimagwira ntchito ngati chosungira ngati nyimbo, munthu amatha kubwerera m'mbuyo ndikusintha momwe amamvera popita.
Ndipo pomaliza, kafukufuku waposachedwa akuwonetsa kuti anthu omwe adapezeka ndi matendawa maganizo, Matenda osokoneza bongo (OCD)kapena Matenda a tourette akhoza kupindula ndi opaleshoni ya DBS.
Onse akuwoneka akulonjeza, koma Neuralink sidzayamba kuyesa anthu mpaka kumapeto kwa 2021, pomwe DBS ali ndi chipambano chokulirapo ndipo akuyesedwanso pa anthu.
Anthu opitilira 150,000 padziko lonse lapansi alandila DBS chifukwa cha matenda a Parkinson kapena kunjenjemera, 95% mlingo bwino.
Ndi zinthu ziti zomwe zingawopsezedwe ndi Neuralink vs DBS?
hackers, omwe ndi anthu kapena magulu omwe amagwira ntchito m'mabungwe osiyanasiyana, amapereka chiopsezo chodziwika bwino kwa Neuralink.
Kutaya magazi muubongo, matenda a ubongo, kuyika kolakwika (kuyika molakwika) kwa ma DBS amatsogolere, ndipo kusayika kocheperako (kuyika kocheperako) kwa otsogolera onse ndizovuta za opaleshoni.
Ngakhale makompyuta omwe ali ndi kachilombo amatha kukhala owopsa kwambiri, nthawi zambiri timakhala ndi mwayi wozimitsa kapena kutseka zenera ngati zonse zitalephera. Ngati chipangizo cha neuralink choyikidwa ndi kachilombo adware kapena virus, zidzakhala zovuta kwambiri kuzimitsa.
Nkhani zamagetsi kuphatikiza mayendedwe otsogolera, kulephera kutsogolera, kulephera kwa gawo lililonse la dongosolo la DBS, komanso kusapeza bwino kuzungulira chipangizo cha pulse generator. Pakhoza kukhalanso kulephera kwa batri, matenda ozungulira chipangizocho, ndipo chipangizocho chikudutsa pakhungu monga makulidwe a khungu ndi mafuta osanjikiza amasiyana ndi zaka.
Nkhani ina yomwe yadzutsidwa ndi kugwiritsa ntchito molakwika kapena kugwiritsa ntchito molakwika ukadaulo wa Neuralink (ndi mpikisano uliwonse wongopeka mawonekedwe a ubongo-makompyuta) ndikuthekera kwa anthu a zolinga zabwino koma osokera.
Pamapulogalamu a DBS, mavuto okhudzana ndi kukondoweza zimachitika mwa odwala onse.
Kusuntha mwadzidzidzi (dyskinesia), kuzizira (mapazi amawoneka oundana mpaka pansi), kuchepa kwa mphamvu ndi kuyenda, kuvutika kulankhula, kugwedezeka kwa minofu modzidzimutsa, dzanzi ndi kumva kulasalasa (paresthesia), ndi kuwona kawiri ndi zotsatira zoyipa zomwe zimachitika (diplopia).
Chipangizocho chikasinthidwa, zotsatira zoipazi zimasinthidwa.
Chabwino, onse Neuralink ndi DBS ali ndi zoopsa zosiyanasiyana. Titha kukhala omveka bwino za DBS chifukwa anthu ambiri padziko lonse lapansi azigwiritsa ntchito kuchiza matenda awo. Kumbali ina, mayesero a anthu a Neuralink sanayambe, koma nkhawa zomwe takambiranazi ziyenera kuganiziridwa.
Ubwino wa Neuralink
- Zina mwazabwino zomwe zikuyembekezeredwa za neuralink ndi monga kuchiritsa ziwalo, kuchiza matenda amisala, kuyimba nyimbo molunjika m'mutu mwanu, ndikuwongolera maso ndi makutu anu osiyanasiyana.
- Ndi Neuralink chip, mutha kutsitsa nthawi yomweyo maluso ndi zidziwitso zina muubongo wanu.
- Neuralink yatsimikizira ntchito yake mu nkhumba zitatu kudzera mu 'kulumikizana.' Kuyesera kumeneku kumasonyeza kuti pambuyo pa kuika chip mu ubongo wa chamoyo, cholengedwacho chimagwira ntchito bwino. N'zothekanso kuchotsa chinthucho popanda kuwononga.
- Silinakonzekere mokwanira kuthana ndi njira zovuta zotere. Komabe, ngati tiyang’ana kukula ndi kupita patsogolo kwa nthawi yonse, tingaone kuti sipatenga nthawi yaitali kuti tithe kugwira mafoni ndi makompyuta athu pongoganizira za izo.
- Zolinga zanthawi yayitali zitha kusintha kwambiri moyo wathu watsiku ndi tsiku. Itha kugwiritsidwa ntchito kuzinthu zosiyanasiyana osati kungoyendetsa zida zathu. Mutha kulumikizana ndi kompyuta kapena kupanga malo enieni, kutsitsa chidziwitso muubongo wanu, ndikukwaniritsa luso lochita zinthu zambiri.
Zoyipa za Neuralink
- Chofunikira kwambiri cha Neuralink chidzakhala zachinsinsi komanso chitetezo.
- Mosasamala kanthu kuti chip ndi cholimba bwanji kapena champhamvu bwanji, akadali chidutswa cha zamagetsi / ukadaulo. Ndizotheka nthawi zonse kuti zisagwire bwino ntchito.
- Neuralink ikapezeka kuti anthu azigwiritsa ntchito, zochitika zakuba zitha kuchulukirachulukira, kubweretsa zoopsa zatsopano monga kuwononga Mind ndi Kubedwa kwa Mind. M'mawu a munthu wamba, anthu opanda dzina amatha kuwerenga malingaliro anu ndikusintha momwe akufunira.
Ubwino wa DBS
- DBS nthawi zambiri imachepetsa zizindikiro monga kuuma, kunjenjemera, kuchedwa, ndi dyskinesia. DBS yawonetsedwanso kuti imathandizira pakuyatsa / kuzimitsa, kusinthasintha komanso moyo wabwino, komanso kuchuluka kwamphamvu kwamphamvu.
- Kuchita opaleshoni ya DBS kumathandiza kuchepetsa mankhwala ndi zotsatira za Levodopa, komanso mtengo wa mankhwala.
- Palibe ma cell a mitsempha omwe ayenera kuchotsedwa kuti achite opaleshoni ya DBS. DBS ilibe zotsatira zoipa pa ubongo.
- Madokotala ndi anthu omwe ali ndi DBS amatha kuwongolera maelekitirodi ndi ma frequency olimbikitsira komanso mphamvu, ndipo amatha kusinthidwa ngati pakufunika.
- Odwala matenda a Parkinson, kunjenjemera, kusokonezeka kulikonse, kapena dyskinesia amadalira ena pa ntchito za tsiku ndi tsiku. Opaleshoni ya DBS imathandiza odwala kuwongolera zizindikiro zawo ndikuwathandiza kuti amalize ntchito zawo pawokha.
Zoyipa za DBS
- Kumbali inayi, makampani ambiri a inshuwaransi amatha kulipira zina kapena zonse za DBS. Opaleshoniyo imatha kutenga pakati pa $15,000 ndi $20,000 yonse.
- Pokambirana za mwayi wochitidwa opaleshoni, pali chiopsezo chotaya magazi, sitiroko, matenda, ndi kuchulukana kwamadzi mu ubongo. Tikudziwanso kuti ubongo ndi chiwalo chovuta komanso chosalimba.
- DBS idzatenga miyezi kuti ipeze kuphatikiza kwabwino kwa DBS kukondoweza ndi mankhwala owongolera zizindikiro. Ngakhale kuti zizindikiro zina zimatha kupita mofulumira, kupeza kuphatikiza koyenera kwa zotsatira za nthawi yaitali kungatenge nthawi yochuluka.
Maganizo Final
Elon Musk adavumbulutsa chipangizo chake cha Neuralink chomwe chikuyembekezeka kwambiri, chomwe cholinga chake ndi kupanga kugwirizana kwachindunji pakati pa anthu ndi makompyuta.
Malinga ndi mafotokozedwe a Musk, chida chochokera ku microchip chozikidwa paulamuliro waubongo chimatanthawuza kuti chigwiritsidwe ntchito pochiza matenda osiyanasiyana am'mitsempha.
Kwa zaka zambiri, pulojekiti ya Neuralink ya Musk yakhala ikusonkhanitsa zambiri poika ma electrode amitundu yosiyanasiyana ndi mikhalidwe kuchokera pamwamba ndi mbali zakuya za ubongo. Nthawi zina; ndi chimodzi mwa zitsanzo zamakono kwambiri za zoyesayesa zathu zamagetsi ndi machitidwe a ubongo.
Kumbali inayi, akatswiri amanena kuti angathenso kulimbikitsa zigawo zakuya za ubongo mwa kuika maelekitirodi mu ubongo ndi kuchiza matenda ambiri a ubongo. Kupatula apo, akhala akugwiritsa ntchito njira za DBS kwa nthawi yayitali ndipo akhala akuchita bwino nawo.
Neuralink ndi Deep Brain Stimulation zimawoneka ngati zolimbikitsa kwambiri kupita ku tsogolo lopanda matenda.
Komabe, zili m'tsogolo kuti muwone momwe zonsezi zikuyendera.
Siyani Mumakonda