M'ndandanda wazopezekamo[Bisani][Show]
Quantum computing ndiukadaulo wamakono womwe umagwiritsa ntchito fiziki ya quantum kuthana ndi zovuta zomwe makompyuta achikhalidwe sangathe kuchita.
Makampani ambiri tsopano akuyesera kupanga zida zenizeni za quantum kupezeka kwa opanga masauzande ambiri, chida chomwe asayansi amangolakalaka zaka makumi atatu zapitazo.
Zotsatira zake, mainjiniya athu nthawi zambiri amatumiza makompyuta amphamvu kwambiri ochulukirapo, zomwe zimatifikitsa pafupi ndi liwiro la computing komanso kuthekera koyenera kusintha dziko lapansi.
Mu positi iyi, tiwona bwino kuchuluka kwa kompyuta ndi zida ndi zomangira zomwe zimagwirizana nazo, komanso komwe zikhala mu 2022.
Kodi Quantum Computing ndi chiyani?
Makompyuta apamwambawa amamangidwa pa mfundo za superposition and entanglement, zomwe ndi mbali ziwiri za quantum physics. Makompyuta a Quantum tsopano atha kuchita ntchito pamitengo yomwe ili yamphamvu kwambiri kuposa makompyuta achikhalidwe pomwe akugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu zochepa.
M'zaka za m'ma 1980, dera la quantum computing lidayamba. Kenako zidawululidwa kuti ma aligorivimu a quantum anali opambana kuposa momwe amachitira wamba pakuthana ndi ntchito zina zamakompyuta.
Quantum computing ndi maphunziro asayansi apakompyuta omwe amayang'ana kwambiri kupita patsogolo kwaukadaulo wamakompyuta kutengera malingaliro a quantum theory. Zimagwiritsa ntchito mphamvu yodabwitsa ya tinthu tating'onoting'ono tokhalapo m'maiko angapo nthawi imodzi, monga 0 ndi 1. Amatha kukonza zambiri kuposa makompyuta wamba.
Chikhalidwe cha quantum cha chinthu chimagwiritsidwa ntchito kupanga qubit mu quantum computing operations. Ma Qubits ndiye magawo oyambira a quantum computing. Mu computing ya quantum, amagwira ntchito yomweyo yomwe ma bits amagwira pamakompyuta wamba, koma amachita mosiyana.
Ma bits achikale ndi apawiri ndipo amatha kukhala ndi 0 kapena 1, pomwe ma qubits amatha kukhala ndi malo apamwamba a mayiko onse omwe angatheke.
Zomangamanga Zapamwamba za Quantum Computing
1. Circq
Cirq idapangidwa ndi gulu la Google la Quantum AI. Amagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga ndi kukonza mabwalo a quantum omwe amayesedwa pamakompyuta a quantum ndi ma simulators. Cirq ndiyabwino chifukwa imapereka zoyeserera zachitukuko zomwe ndizofanana ndi zomwe zimawonedwa m'moyo weniweni.
Izi zikutanthauza kuti laibulale imagwira ntchito kudzera muzinthu za hardware zozungulira NISQ (Noisy Intermediate-Scale Quantum) kuti tikhale otsimikiza kuti algorithm kapena dera likhoza kuyendetsedwa pa kompyuta yeniyeni ya quantum ikatha.
Zotsatira zake, imatha kugwiritsidwa ntchito kuti ipange ma frequency osinthika komanso osinthika a quantum. Lilinso ndi interoperability mbali. Pulogalamu yomwe imalowetsa ndi kutumiza kunja ma quantum circuits ndi mafanizidwe, mwachitsanzo.
Ndondomeko yopangira makompyuta a quantum omwe ali otseguka. Cirq ndi Python Pulogalamu yamapulogalamu yomwe imakupatsani mwayi wopanga, kusintha, ndi kukhathamiritsa mabwalo a quantum musanawagwiritse pamakompyuta a quantum ndi zoyeserera.
Cirq ndi njira yabwino yothanirana ndi makompyuta amakono aphokoso apakatikati, pomwe zofunikira za Hardware ndizofunikira kwambiri kuti mupeze zotsatira zapamwamba.
Mawonekedwe
- Kuchokera pazipata zomwe zikugwira ntchito pa qubits, mutha kuphunzira kupanga mabwalo a quantum. Dziwani kuti Mphindi ndi chiyani komanso momwe njira zingapo zoyikamo zingathandizire pomanga dera lanu labwino. Phunzirani momwe mungadulire ndi kudula mabwalo kuti mupange mabwalo atsopano komanso abwino.
- Zoletsa zaukadaulo zimakhudza kwambiri ngati dera lingagwiritsidwe ntchito pa hardware yamakono kapena ayi. Phunzirani momwe mungakhazikitsire ntchito ya Google ya Quantum Computing ndi momwe mungapangire zida zothana ndi izi.
- Ma wave wave ndi ma matrices a kachulukidwe ali ndi zoyeserera zomangidwa ku Cirq. Monte Carlo kapena zofananira zonse za kachulukidwe kachulukidwe atha kugwiritsidwa ntchito kuthana ndi njira zaphokoso za quantum.
- Kuyesa kuyesa ma processor a quantum a Google, Cirq imagwira ntchito ndi Quantum Computing Service.
2. Pulogalamu Q
ETH Zurich idapanga ProjectQ, pulogalamu yotseguka yotsegulira quantum computing. Imakupatsirani chisangalalo komanso chosangalatsa mawu ofanana kwa ogwiritsa ntchito kupanga quantum application mu Python. ProjectQ imatha kusintha zolembedwazi kukhala zamtundu uliwonse wakumapeto, kaya ndi makina apakompyuta akale kapena purosesa ya quantum.
ProjectQ imatha kusintha mapulogalamuwa kukhala malekezero amtundu uliwonse, monga makina oyeserera apakompyuta kapena purosesa ya quantum, monga nsanja ya IBM Quantum Experience.
Mawonekedwe
- IT ndi yapamwamba kwambiri chinenero chamakono kwa mapulogalamu a quantum.
- Ili ndi compiler yokhazikika komanso yosinthika.
- Limaperekanso angapo hardware ndi mapulogalamu backends.
- Laibulale yamakompyuta ya quantum (FermiLib) yothana ndi zovuta za fermionic
- Chip cha IBM Quantum Experience, zida za AQT, AWS Braket, ndi zida zoperekedwa ndi ntchito za IonQ zitha kugwiritsidwa ntchito kuyendetsa ma algorithms ochulukira.
- Pamlingo wapamwamba wofotokozera, mapulogalamu a quantum amatha kutsanzira (mwachitsanzo, kutsanzira machitidwe a mawu akulu m'malo mowaphatikiza ku zipata zotsika)
- Pa makompyuta akale, mapulogalamu a quantum amatha kutsatiridwa.
3. Tensoflow Quantum
The Python framework TensorFlow Quantum (TFQ) ndi ya quantum makina kuphunzira. TFQ ndi dongosolo la ntchito la TensorFlow lomwe limalola ofufuza a quantum algorithm ndi makina ophunzirira makina kuti agwiritse ntchito makina a Google quantum computing mwachindunji kuchokera ku TensorFlow.
TensorFlow Quantum ndi pulogalamu yomwe imayang'ana kwambiri kuchuluka kwa data ndikupanga mitundu yosakanizidwa ya quantum-classical hybrid. Imaphatikiza njira zamakompyuta za Cirq zopangidwa ndi quantum computing ndi malingaliro ndi TensorFlow APIs, komanso ma simulators apamwamba a quantum circuit.
Mapangidwe a TFQ atha kugwiritsidwa ntchito kuyendetsa mitundu yonse yachikhalidwe komanso yosakanizidwa, monga Quantum CNN (QCNN). Zotsatira zake, TFQ ikhoza kugwiritsidwa ntchito pavuto lililonse lomwe silinali kotheka kuyankha pogwiritsa ntchito njira zachikhalidwe. Kuti muyankhe zovuta zina zenizeni, yambani ndi TFQ kuti mupange mitundu yosakanizidwa ya quantum kapena quantum-classical hybrid.
Mawonekedwe
- Ofufuza atha kugwiritsa ntchito TFQ kupanga ma tensor pogwiritsa ntchito ma dataset a quantum, ma quantum model, ndi magawo owongolera wamba mumaneti amodzi owerengera.
- Ma tensor amagwiritsidwa ntchito kusungira deta ya quantum (mipikisano yamitundu yambiri). Chigawo chilichonse cha quantum data chimafotokozedwa ngati Cirq quantum circuit yomwe imapanga quantum data pa ntchentche.
- Wofufuzayo atha kugwiritsa ntchito Cirq kuwonetsa kuchuluka neural network zomwe zidzaphatikizidwa mu TensorFlow compute graph pambuyo pake.
- Kutha kuphunzitsa nthawi imodzi ndikuchita mabwalo angapo a quantum ndi gawo lalikulu la TensorFlow Quantum.
4. Percevel
Perceval ndi njira yotseguka yopangira makompyuta a photonic quantum opangidwa ndi Perceval, bizinesi ya ku France yomwe ikuyang'ana kwambiri kumanga m'badwo watsopano wamakompyuta a quantum potengera kusintha kwa kuwala.
Perceval imapereka zida zopangira mabwalo kuchokera kumagulu owoneka bwino, kutanthauzira magwero a chithunzi chimodzi, kuwongolera mayiko a Fock, kugwiritsa ntchito zofananira, kutulutsanso mapepala oyesera omwe adasindikizidwa, ndikuyesa m'badwo watsopano wa ma algorithms a quantum kudzera pa Python API yosavuta yotsata chinthu.
Cholinga chake ndi kukhala chida chothandizira kupanga ma quantum photonic circuits - poyerekezera ndi kukonzanso mapangidwe awo, kutengera makhalidwe abwino komanso enieni, ndikupereka mawonekedwe ovomerezeka kuti awawongolere pogwiritsa ntchito malingaliro a backends.
Imakonzedwa kuti igwire ntchito pakompyuta yakomweko, yokhala ndi zowonjezera zambiri zamagulu a HPC, ndipo imapereka mwayi wopeza ma backend apamwamba kuti azitha kuyerekezera manambala ndi ma aligorivimu a quantum pa ma frequency a photonic.
Mutha kugwiritsanso ntchito zida zingapo zopangiratu kuti mupange ma aligorivimu ndi mabwalo ovuta a linear Optics. Laibulale ya ma aligorivimu odziwika bwino ikupezeka, komanso maphunziro amomwe mungagwiritsire ntchito.
Mukhozanso kugwiritsa ntchito mizere ingapo ya ma code kuti muyesetse kukonza ma aligorivimu, kufananiza ndi data yoyeserera, ndi kupanganso zofalitsa zosindikizidwa.
Mawonekedwe
- Zomangamanga zamtundu umodzi wodzipereka kwathunthu ku linear Optics ndi photonic quantum computing
- Pulojekitiyi ndi pulojekiti yotseguka yokhala ndi zomangamanga zomwe zimalandira zopereka zamagulu.
- Pogwiritsa ntchito laibulale yayikulu yokhala ndi zida zopangiratu, pangani ma aligorivimu ndi mabwalo ovuta a linear optics. Laibulale ya ma aligorivimu odziwika bwino ikupezeka, komanso maphunziro amomwe mungagwiritsire ntchito.
- Yesani ndi ma aligorivimu kuti muwakonze bwino, afanizire ndi data yoyeserera, ndikukopera zofalitsa zomwe zilipo kale m'mizere ingapo yamakhodi.
- Kuti mutengere ma aligorivimu a quantum pamawonekedwe azithunzi, gwiritsani ntchito ma backend apamwamba. Perceval idapangidwa kuti izigwira ntchito pakompyuta yakomweko malinga ndi manambala komanso zophiphiritsa, ndi zowonjezera zambiri zamagulu a HPC.
5. Qiskit
Tikudziwa kuti ngati tikulankhula zaukadaulo wam'badwo wotsatira, IBM ikhala ndi zomwe ikupereka. Zimaterodi. QisKit ndi nsanja yotseguka yopangira mapulogalamu a quantum.
Qiskit ndi pulogalamu yothandizidwa ndi IBM yomwe imapangitsa kuti ogwiritsa ntchito aziphunzira mosavuta kuchuluka kwa kompyuta. Chifukwa makompyuta a quantum ndi ovuta kupeza, mutha kugwiritsa ntchito mtambo ngati IBM's Qiskit toolkit kuti mupeze imodzi.
Ndi zaulere kugwiritsa ntchito, ndipo ma code onse ndi gwero lotseguka. Pali buku lapaintaneti lomwe limakuphunzitsani zonse zoyambira za quantum physics, zomwe ndizothandiza kwambiri kwa oyamba kumene omwe sadziwa bwino nkhaniyi.
Makompyuta a Quantum atha kugwiritsidwa ntchito pamlingo wa pulses, mabwalo, ndi ma module ogwiritsira ntchito.
Mawonekedwe
- Ogwiritsa ntchito magawo osiyanasiyana amatha kugwiritsa ntchito Qiskit pofufuza ndi kukulitsa ntchito chifukwa imabwera ndi zipata zamtundu wa quantum ndi mabwalo osiyanasiyana omangidwa kale.
- Mutha kugwiritsa ntchito Qiskit Runtime kuti mulumikizane ndi kuchuluka kwa ma CPU, ma QPU, ndi ma GPU amtambo, komanso kuyendetsa ndikukonza zochitika pa mapurosesa enieni a quantum.
- Transpiler imatembenuza kachidindo ka Qiskit kukhala kagawo koyenera pogwiritsa ntchito chipata chakumbuyo chakumbuyo, kulola ogwiritsa ntchito kupanga purosesa yamtundu uliwonse kapena zomanga zokhala ndi zolowera zochepa.
Kutsiliza
Mwachidule, makompyuta a quantum amatha kulowa mwachangu njira zamasiku ano zolembera munthawi yochepa, pomwe makompyuta apamwamba kwambiri omwe amapezeka tsopano amatenga zaka.
Ngakhale kuti makompyuta a quantum adzatha kusokoneza njira zambiri zamasiku ano zolembera, zikuyembekezeka kuti apange njira zina zowonetsera kuthyolako. Makompyuta a Quantum ndi abwino kwambiri pothana ndi zovuta.
Siyani Mumakonda