M'ndandanda wazopezekamo[Bisani][Show]
- 1. Kodi chipolopolo ndi chiyani kwenikweni?
- 2. Kodi Shell Scripting ndi chiyani kwenikweni?
- 3. Fotokozani ubwino wolembera zipolopolo.
- 4. Fotokozani mapulogalamu a GUI.
- 5. Mu pulogalamu ya zipolopolo, kodi block block ndi chiyani?
- 6. Lembani mitundu yambiri ya zipolopolo zofikirika.
- 7. Lembani kusiyana pakati pa Bourne Shell ndi C Shell.
- 8. Kodi mitundu ya Shell ndi chiyani kwenikweni?
- 9. Kodi mitundu yambiri yamitundumitundu mu Shell Script ndi iti?
- 10. Ndi lamulo liti lomwe limagwiritsidwa ntchito poyendetsa fayilo ya chipolopolo?
- 11. Kodi mungandiuze chiyani za Super Block in Shell scripting?
- 12. Kodi metacharacter ndi chiyani kwenikweni?
- 13. Kodi pali kusiyana kotani pakati pa zolumikizira zofewa ndi zolimba?
- 14. Kodi tanthauzo la mzere wa Shebang mu Shell Scripting nchiyani?
- 15. Kodi ndondomeko ya Linux imadutsa bwanji?
- 16. Fotokozani Crontab.
- 17. Kodi malangizo oyendetsera zinthu ndi chiyani kwenikweni?
- 18. Kodi pali kusiyana kotani pakati pa $* ndi $@?
- 19. Chonde fotokozani momwe mumafananizira zingwe mu script ya chipolopolo.
- 20. Kodi ndingapange bwanji, kuwerenga, ndi kuchotsa mafayilo?
- 21. Kodi n'zotheka kusiyanitsa maulalo olimba ndi ofewa mu zolemba za zipolopolo?
- 22. Kodi mungathetse bwanji nsikidzi mu pulogalamu ya zipolopolo?
- 23. Kodi ndi midadada ingati yomwe ilipo mu fayilo ya fayilo?
- 24. N'chifukwa chiyani bash ndi chinenero cholembedwa mofooka?
- 25. Kodi kusintha kwa chipolopolo kumakhala ndi nthawi yayitali bwanji?
- 26. Tchulani lamulo lolowa m'malo la echo.
- 27. Tanthauzirani IFS
- 28. Kodi ndizotheka kuyendetsa zolemba zambiri mu Shell?
- 29. Ndi mitundu iti yambiri ya akonzi a vi?
- 30. Pali kusiyana kotani pakati pa $! ndi $$?
- 31. Kodi $# amatanthauza chiyani?
- 32. Tchulani lamulo lomwe linagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga zosunga zobwezeretsera.
- 33. Ndi liti pamene kuli kosayenera kugwiritsa ntchito Shell Scripting?
- 34. Kodi mungalumikizane bwanji ndi seva ya database kuchokera ku Linux?
- 35. Kodi mafayilo awiri amalamulo a crontab ndi ati?
- 36. Ndi mitundu itatu iti yachitetezo cha UNIX ya fayilo kapena deta?
- 37. Fotokozani lamulo la sed mwachidule pogwiritsa ntchito chitsanzo.
- 38. Mu scripting shell, kodi cholinga cha zida zomwe zimabwera ndi otsegula kasitomala dalaivala?
- 49. Tchulani lamulo lomwe liyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito kudziwa nthawi ya dongosolo.
- 40. Pangani script kuti muwonjezere mfundo zambiri.
- 41. Pangani chitsanzo cha ntchito.
- Kutsiliza
Shell script ndi pulogalamu ya pakompyuta kapena womasulira mzere wolamula womwe umapangidwa kuti uziyendetsedwa ndi chipolopolo cha Unix. Chinthu chabwino kwambiri pakupanga chipolopolo ndi chakuti malangizo ndi mawu ofanana ndi omwe adalowetsedwa mwachindunji pamzere wolamula.
Linux ndi njira yotchuka yotsegulira yodziwika bwino chifukwa cha chitetezo chake chachikulu komanso mawonekedwe a mzere wamalamulo. Ndikofunikira kwa akatswiri ofunitsitsa a DevOps kuti amvetsetse zolemba za zipolopolo kapena bash scripting.
Ngati mumadziwa bwino zolemba za chipolopolo ndipo mukukonzekera kuyankhulana kwa ntchito, mafunso oyankhulana ndi chipolopolo ichi ndi mayankho adzakupatsani mafunso abwino kwambiri a scripting scripting omwe angapangitse kukonzekera kwanu kukhala kosavuta.
1. Kodi chipolopolo ndi chiyani kwenikweni?
Chipolopolocho chimagwira ntchito ngati mlatho pakati pa wogwiritsa ntchito ndi kernel. Ngakhale patha kukhala kernel imodzi yokha, makina amatha kukhala ndi zipolopolo zingapo zomwe zikuyenda nthawi imodzi.
Zotsatira zake, nthawi iliyonse wogwiritsa ntchito akalemba lamulo mu kiyibodi, chipolopolocho chimalankhula ndi kernel kuti chichite ndikuwonetsa zotsatira zake kwa wogwiritsa ntchito.
2. Kodi Shell Scripting ndi chiyani kwenikweni?
Shell Scripting ndi pulogalamu yapakompyuta yaulere komanso yotseguka yomwe imayenda mu chipolopolo cha Unix/Linux. Pulogalamu ya Shell Scripting imakulolani kuti mulembe mndandanda wa malamulo omwe chipolopolocho chidzachita.
Ikhoza kuphatikizira maulamuliro aatali komanso obwerezabwereza kukhala script imodzi komanso yosavuta yomwe ingasungidwe ndikuchitidwa nthawi iliyonse, kuchepetsa kuyesayesa kwa mapulogalamu.
3. Fotokozani ubwino wolembera zipolopolo.
- Pafupifupi makina onse amakono, kuphatikizapo UNIX, Linux, BSD, ndi Mac OS X, amatha kuyendetsa zolemba zachipolopolo chifukwa amapangidwa m'chinenero chotanthauziridwa.
- Chida chowongolera chomwe chimagwira ntchito, komanso kuyambira kofulumira.
- Imapulumutsa nthawi pothandizira kupanga ntchito zoyang'anira.
- Okonza mapulogalamu safunikira kusintha kalembedwe kawo chifukwa lamulo ndi kalembedwe ndizofanana ndi zomwe zimayikidwa molunjika pamzere wolamula.
- Zolemba za Shell ndizosavuta kugwiritsa ntchito ndikulemba.
- Ndi chida ichi, mapulogalamu a mapulogalamu amatha kupangidwa motsatira mapulaneti awo.
- M'malo mwa malangizo amodzi, amatha kugwiritsidwa ntchito popha anthu ambiri.
- Mutha kugwiritsa ntchito kupanga makina anu ogwiritsira ntchito omwe ali ndi zofunikira.
4. Fotokozani mapulogalamu a GUI.
The Graphical Chiyankhulo cha Mtumiki (GUI) mapulogalamu ofunikira kugwiritsa ntchito makompyuta ndi mapulogalamu amatchedwa GUI scripting. Zimagwira ntchito ndi machitidwe angapo ogwiritsira ntchito ndipo zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kuwongolera mapulogalamu osiyanasiyana.
5. Mu pulogalamu ya zipolopolo, kodi block block ndi chiyani?
Pulogalamu yotchedwa superblock imasunga zolemba zamafayilo ena. Kukula, ziwerengero zodzaza ndi zopanda kanthu, kugwiritsa ntchito deta, kukula kwa gulu la block, ndi malo ndi kukula kwa matebulo a inode ndi zina mwazinthu zomwe zingapezeke mu block.
6. Lembani mitundu yambiri ya zipolopolo zofikirika.
- Chipolopolo cha Bourne: Mukamagwiritsa ntchito chipolopolo chamtundu wa Bourne, chotsatira ndicho chizindikiro cha $.
- C Chipolopolo: Mukamagwiritsa ntchito chipolopolo chamtundu wa C, chiwongolero chokhazikika ndi chikhalidwe %.
- Korn shell: Korn ndi pulogalamu ya Unix-based Shell scripting application yomwe idakhazikitsidwa pa Bash Shell Scripting. Chigoba ichi ndi chovuta kwambiri ndipo chimagwiritsa ntchito mlingo wapamwamba chinenero chamakono.
- TCSH: Palibe mawonekedwe athunthu a TCSH. Ndi momwe zilili. TCSH ndi mtundu wapamwamba kwambiri wa chipolopolo cha Berkeley Unix C. Tsopano imathandizira C syntax.
7. Lembani kusiyana pakati pa Bourne Shell ndi C Shell.
Bourne Shell: Kuphatikizika kwake komanso kuthamanga kwake kumasiyanitsa ndi zipolopolo zina. Komabe, zinthu zomwe zimagwira ntchito monga kuthekera kukumbukira zopempha zam'mbuyomu zikusowa. Komanso, masamu ndi mawu omveka sizimathandizidwa ndi chipolopolo cha Bourne.
C Shell: Ndikusintha kwa UNIX komwe kumaphatikizapo zinthu zolumikizana monga ma alias ndi mbiri yamalamulo. Lili ndi luso losavuta lokonzekera kuwonjezera pa masamu ake omangidwira komanso galamala ya mawu.
8. Kodi mitundu ya Shell ndi chiyani kwenikweni?
Zosintha za Shell ndiye maziko a pulogalamu iliyonse ya Shell kapena zolemba. Zosintha zimalola Shell kusunga ndikusintha data mkati mwa pulogalamu ya Shell. Mitundu ya zingwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri kuti ikhale ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya zipolopolo.
9. Kodi mitundu yambiri yamitundumitundu mu Shell Script ndi iti?
Makina ogwiritsira ntchito (Linux) amapanga ndikutanthauzira zosinthika zomwe zimatanthauzidwa ndi dongosolo. Zosinthazi nthawi zambiri zimatanthauzidwa mu zilembo zazikulu ndipo zitha kufufuzidwa ndi lamulo la "set".
Zosintha zomwe zimatanthauzidwa ndi ogwiritsa ntchito zimapangidwa kapena kufotokozedwa ndi ogwiritsa ntchito, ndipo malingaliro awo amatha kuwunikidwa potsatira lamulo la "echo."
10. Ndi lamulo liti lomwe limagwiritsidwa ntchito poyendetsa fayilo ya chipolopolo?
11. Kodi mungandiuze chiyani za Super Block in Shell scripting?
Super Block ndi pulogalamu chabe yomwe imasunga zambiri zamafayilo ena.
Superblock ili ndi zidziwitso monga kukula kwa block, kuchuluka kwa midadada yopanda kanthu ndi yodzaza ndi mawerengedwe ake ofanana, kukula ndi kuyika kwa matebulo a inode, mapu a disk block, ndi ziwerengero zamagwiritsidwe ndi kukula kwamagulu a block.
12. Kodi metacharacter ndi chiyani kwenikweni?
Metacharacter ndi munthu wapadera yemwe amaphatikizidwa mu pulogalamu ya chipolopolo kapena gawo la data. Limapereka chidziwitso pa zilembo zina. Kuti mulembe mafayilo onse kuyambira ndi 's', mwachitsanzo, gwiritsani ntchito lamulo la 'ls s*'.
13. Kodi pali kusiyana kotani pakati pa zolumikizira zofewa ndi zolimba?
Maulalo ofewa amalumikizidwa ndi dzina la fayilo ndipo amatha kukhala pamafayilo osiyanasiyana; pomwe, maulalo olimba amalumikizidwa ndi fayilo ya fayilo ndipo ayenera kukhala pamafayilo omwewo monga fayilo.
Kuchotsa fayilo yapachiyambi kumapangitsa kuti ulalo wofewa ukhale wosagwira ntchito (ulalo wosweka), koma ulibe mphamvu pakulumikiza kolimba ndipo ulalo wolimba udzapezabe kope la fayilo.
14. Kodi tanthauzo la mzere wa Shebang mu Shell Scripting nchiyani?
Mzere wa Shebang nthawi zambiri umakhala pamutu palemba, mwachitsanzo, #!/bin/sh. Mzerewu umatchula malo omwe injiniyo ili. Injini iyi nthawi zambiri ndi yomwe imayendetsa script.
15. Kodi ndondomeko ya Linux imadutsa bwanji?
Nthawi zambiri, njira ya Linux imadutsa magawo anayi awa:
- Kudikirira: Zothandizira zikuyembekezeredwa ndi ndondomeko ya Linux.
- Kuthamanga: Pakali pano, ndondomeko ya Linux ikugwira ntchito.
- Imayimitsidwa: Pambuyo pochita bwino, njira ya Linux imathetsedwa.
- ZombieeThe ndondomeko yayima, koma ndondomeko ya ndondomeko ikuwonetsabe kuti ikugwira ntchito.
16. Fotokozani Crontab.
Crontab imayimira tebulo la cron popeza wopanga ntchito 'cron' amagwiritsidwa ntchito pogwira ntchitozo. Ndilo mndandanda wa malamulo omwe amachitidwa pafupipafupi, ndipo dzina la lamuloli limayang'aniranso mndandanda.
Ndondomeko ndi chida chomwe chimagwiritsidwa ntchito kusintha ndandanda zonse zimatchedwa Crontab.
17. Kodi malangizo oyendetsera zinthu ndi chiyani kwenikweni?
Malangizo owongolera akuwonetsa momwe malangizo osiyanasiyana a script angagwiritsire ntchito. Nthawi zambiri amagwiritsidwa ntchito mu Shell kuti ayese kuwongolera kuyenda.
Popanda malangizo awa, kupangidwa kwa chipolopolo kumapitilira motsatizana. Malangizo owongolera amakhudza momwe kupha kumachitikira mu mapulogalamu a zipolopolo.
18. Kodi pali kusiyana kotani pakati pa $* ndi $@?
$@ amawona mtsutso uliwonse womwe wagwidwa kukhala mkangano wosiyana, pomwe $* amawona kusonkhanitsa kwathunthu kwa magawo ngati chingwe chimodzi.
19. Chonde fotokozani momwe mumafananizira zingwe mu script ya chipolopolo.
Lamulo la 'test' limagwiritsidwa ntchito kufananitsa zingwe zamawu. Lamuloli limafanizira zingwe zamalemba pofanizira zilembo za chingwe chilichonse.
20. Kodi ndingapange bwanji, kuwerenga, ndi kuchotsa mafayilo?
21. Kodi n'zotheka kusiyanitsa maulalo olimba ndi ofewa mu zolemba za zipolopolo?
Shell scripting ndi yankho lamphamvu lomwe, monga Windows, limagwiritsa ntchito maulalo kuti apange njira zazifupi. Maulalo ofewa alibe malo okhazikika ndipo amapezeka paliponse pamafayilo omwewo.
Nthawi zambiri amamangiriridwa ku dzina la fayilo. Maulalo olimba, kumbali ina, amakhalabe pamafayilo omwewo. Nthawi zambiri, kulumikizana kolimba kumalumikizidwa ndi node ndipo kumakhala ndi malo okhazikika.
22. Kodi mungathetse bwanji nsikidzi mu pulogalamu ya zipolopolo?
Njira zina zodziwika bwino zothanirana ndi vuto la script ndi:
- Set-x imagwiritsidwa ntchito kulola kusokoneza.
- Ikani ziganizo zowongolera mu chipolopolo kuti muwonetse zambiri zomwe zimathandizira kupeza vuto.
23. Kodi ndi midadada ingati yomwe ilipo mu fayilo ya fayilo?
- Superblock: Chidachi chimapereka tsatanetsatane wa momwe fayilo ilili, kuphatikiza kukula kwa block, kukula kwa gulu, kugwiritsa ntchito deta, kuchuluka kwa midadada yopanda kanthu komanso yodzaza, kukula ndi kuyika kwa matebulo a inode, ndi zina zambiri.
- Bootblock: Pulogalamu ya bootstrap loader, yomwe imayenda pamene wosuta atsegula makina osungira, amasungidwa mu chipikachi.
- Chotchinga cha data: Deta iyi ili ndi zomwe zili mufayilo yamafayilo.
- Gome la inode: UNIX imagwira zigawo zonse ngati mafayilo, ndipo tebulo la inode ndilosungira deta yonse yokhudzana ndi mafayilo.
24. N'chifukwa chiyani bash ndi chinenero cholembedwa mofooka?
Chifukwa chosowa chilengezo cha mtundu wa data polengeza zosintha, Bash ndi chilankhulo cholembedwa mofooka. Mtundu wa kusintha umatsimikiziridwa ndi mtengo wake wamakono ndipo umatengedwa ngati chingwe ku Bash.
Lamulo lolengeza litha kugwiritsidwa ntchito kutanthauzira zosintha za Bash.
Komabe, mwayi wofotokozera mitundu ya data uli ndi malire ndipo sukhudza mitundu yonse ya data. Mwachitsanzo, lamulo lolengeza silingagwiritsidwe ntchito ndi mtundu wa data yoyandama.
25. Kodi kusintha kwa chipolopolo kumakhala ndi nthawi yayitali bwanji?
Kusintha kwa chipolopolo kumakhala ndi moyo wonse mpaka kumapeto kwa kuphedwa.
26. Tchulani lamulo lolowa m'malo la echo.
Lamulo la tput ndi njira ina yochitira echo. Tikhoza kugwiritsa ntchito lamulo ili kuti tiyang'ane momwe zotulukapo zimasonyezedwera. Kuphatikiza apo, mosasamala kanthu za kukula kwa skrini, zolemba za zipolopolo zimatha kuchita zinthu monga kulembera pansi ndi mawu apakati.
27. Tanthauzirani IFS
IFS imayimira Internal Field Separator. Ndikusintha kwadongosolo ndi mtengo wosasinthika wa malo, tabu, kutsatiridwa ndi mzere watsopano. IFS imasonyeza kumene gawo limodzi kapena mawu amathera pamzere ndipo wina akuyamba.
28. Kodi ndizotheka kuyendetsa zolemba zambiri mu Shell?
Inde, zolemba zambiri zitha kuchitidwa mu Shell. Mutha kuyitanitsa script imodzi kuchokera kwina ndikuyendetsa zolemba zingapo. Kuti muchite izi, muyenera kutchula dzina la script yomwe mukufuna kuyitanitsa.
29. Ndi mitundu iti yambiri ya akonzi a vi?
- Command mode: iyi ndi momwe mumayambira.
- Sinthani mode: Izi zimakupatsani mwayi wosintha zina.
- Munjira iyi, mumalumikizana ndi vi ndikupatseni malangizo kuti achite.
30. Pali kusiyana kotani pakati pa $! ndi $$?
$! Imawonetsa id ya ndondomeko ya ndondomeko yomwe yapita posachedwa.
$$ imabweretsanso id ya ndondomeko yomwe ikuchitidwa panopa.
31. Kodi $# amatanthauza chiyani?
$# nthawi zambiri imakhala ndi kuchuluka kwa mikangano, ngakhale izi zimatha kusiyana pamachitidwe. Mwachidule, idagwiritsidwa ntchito kulemba kuchuluka kwa magawo a mzere wamalamulo omwe amaperekedwa ku chipolopolo.
32. Tchulani lamulo lomwe linagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga zosunga zobwezeretsera.
Lamulo la tar limagwiritsidwa ntchito kupanga zosunga zobwezeretsera. Tar ndi chidule cha tepi archive, ndipo imagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga zosunga zobwezeretsera zomwe zimagwiritsa ntchito tar, gzip, ndi bzip. Lamuloli limatha kusunga ndi kubwezeretsa mafayilo kuchokera pa tepi.
Nthawi zambiri, mafayilo ndi zolemba zimapanikizidwa kukhala ma tarballs, omwe ndi mafayilo osungidwa. Ndilo limodzi mwa malangizo omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri pazifukwa izi. Kuphatikiza apo, tarball imangosamutsidwa kuchokera ku seva imodzi kupita ku ina.
33. Ndi liti pamene kuli kosayenera kugwiritsa ntchito Shell Scripting?
Sitiyenera kugwiritsa ntchito Shell Scripting ngati ntchitoyo ndi yovuta kwenikweni, monga kupanga njira yonse yoyendetsera malipiro.
Sitiyenera kugwiritsa ntchito Shell Scripting ngati ntchitoyo ikufunika kuchita bwino kwambiri.
Sitiyenera kugwiritsa ntchito Shell Scripting ngati polojekiti ikufuna mayankho angapo apulogalamu.
34. Kodi mungalumikizane bwanji ndi seva ya database kuchokera ku Linux?
Titha kugwiritsa ntchito chida cha isql chophatikizidwa ndi oyendetsa kasitomala otseguka motere:
35. Kodi mafayilo awiri amalamulo a crontab ndi ati?
cron.allow imatsimikizira kuti ndi ogwiritsa ntchito ati omwe ayenera kuloledwa kugwiritsa ntchito lamulo la crontab.
cron.deny, yomwe imatsimikizira ngati ogwiritsa ntchito ayenera kuletsedwa kugwiritsa ntchito lamulo la crontab.
36. Ndi mitundu itatu iti yachitetezo cha UNIX ya fayilo kapena deta?
- Imapereka chitetezo pamafayilo popereka ufulu wowerengera, kulemba, ndikuchita mafayilo.
- Imapatsa ogwiritsa ntchito chizindikiritso chapadera ndi mawu achinsinsi kuti atsimikizire kuti anthu osadziwika kapena osaloledwa sangathe kuyipeza.
- Imapereka chitetezo ndi kubisa mafayilo. Njirayi imakuthandizani kuti muyike fayilo mumtundu wosawerengeka. Ngakhale fayilo itatsegulidwa, zomwe zili mkati mwake sizingawerengedwe mpaka zitasinthidwa.
37. Fotokozani lamulo la sed mwachidule pogwiritsa ntchito chitsanzo.
sed ndi chidule cha stream editor. Amagwiritsidwa ntchito kusintha fayilo popanda kugwiritsa ntchito mkonzi. Amagwiritsidwa ntchito kusintha mtsinje womwe waperekedwa, monga fayilo kapena kulowetsa mapaipi.
38. Mu scripting shell, kodi cholinga cha zida zomwe zimabwera ndi otsegula kasitomala dalaivala?
Dongosololi limangolumikizidwa ndi seva ya database pogwiritsa ntchito zida. Ogwiritsa ntchito akuyenera kumaliza ntchito zingapo zofunika komanso zofunika pakukonza mapulogalamu.
Pazolemba, deta ndi zambiri zimafunikira, ndipo sizothandiza nthawi zonse kuzisunga pamalo amodzi. Ogwiritsa ntchito njirayi ayenera kutsimikizira kuti palibe cholakwika chilichonse.
49. Tchulani lamulo lomwe liyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito kudziwa nthawi ya dongosolo.
Pogwiritsa ntchito lamulo la Uptime, mutha kudziwa kuti dongosolo lanu lakhala likugwira ntchito nthawi yayitali bwanji. Chiwerengero cha ogwiritsa ntchito omwe ali ndi magawo omwe akugwira ntchito komanso kuchuluka kwa makina opitilira 1, 5, ndi 15 mphindi ziliponso.
Mukhozanso kusefa zambiri zomwe zimaperekedwa zonse mwakamodzi malinga ndi zomwe mwasankha.
40. Pangani script kuti muwonjezere mfundo zambiri.
41. Pangani chitsanzo cha ntchito.
Kutsiliza
Mutha kumvetsetsa kuti chipolopolo makamaka ndi mawonekedwe pakati pa opareshoni ndi wogwiritsa ntchito omwe amamasulira malangizo omwe alowetsedwa ndi ogwiritsa ntchito pa opareshoni kapena kernel mothandizidwa ndi mafunso oyankhulana ndi zipolopolo.
Lingaliro ili ndilofunika kwambiri pokonzekera zoyankhulana Mainjiniya a DevOps ndi automation testers. Shell scripting imathandizira kupanga zolemba zamagawo osiyanasiyana ovuta. Zolemba za Shell zitha kugwiritsidwanso ntchito kupanga makina osiyanasiyana obwereza.
Onani Mndandanda wa Mafunso a Hashdork kuti muthandizidwe pokonzekera zoyankhulana.
Siyani Mumakonda