Kodi munachitapo chidwi ndi kuthekera kwa kamera ya foni yanu yam'manja kuzindikira nkhope muzithunzi zamagulu?
Mwina mwadabwitsidwa ndi momwe magalimoto odziyendetsa okha amayendera mosadukiza mumsewu, kuzindikiritsa oyenda pansi ndi magalimoto ena molondola kwambiri.
Zinthu zooneka ngati zauzimu zimenezi zimatheka chifukwa chozindikira zinthu, nkhani yochititsa chidwi yofufuza. Mwachidule, kuzindikira kwa chinthu ndikuzindikiritsa ndi kumasulira kwazinthu mkati mwazithunzi kapena makanema.
Ndi luso lamakono lomwe limalola makompyuta "kuwona" ndi kumvetsetsa dziko lozungulira.
Koma kodi ndondomeko yodabwitsayi imagwira ntchito bwanji? Ife tikuwona izo kuphunzira mozama kuli inasintha malo a chizindikiritso cha chinthu. Ikutsegula njira ya ntchito zingapo zomwe zimakhudza mwachindunji moyo wathu watsiku ndi tsiku.
Mu positi iyi, tidutsa gawo lochititsa chidwi la kuzindikira kwakuya kochokera kuzinthu zophunzirira, kuphunzira momwe kungathekere kukonzanso momwe timalumikizirana ndiukadaulo.
Kodi Kuzindikira Zinthu Ndi Chiyani Kwenikweni?
Chimodzi mwazambiri masomphenya ofunikira apakompyuta ntchito ndi kuzindikira zinthu, zomwe zimaphatikizapo kupeza ndi kupeza zinthu zosiyanasiyana pachithunzi kapena kanema.
Poyerekeza ndi gulu la zithunzi, pomwe chizindikiro cha gulu lililonse chimatsimikiziridwa, kuzindikira kwa chinthu kumapita patsogolo osati kungozindikira kupezeka kwa chinthu chilichonse komanso kujambula mabokosi omalingira mozungulira chilichonse.
Zotsatira zake, titha kuzindikira nthawi imodzi mitundu ya zinthu zomwe zimakonda ndikuzipeza bwino.
Kutha kuzindikira zinthu ndikofunikira pamapulogalamu ambiri, kuphatikiza kuyendetsa pawokha, kuyang'anira, kuzindikira nkhope, ndi kujambula zithunzi zachipatala.
Kuti athane ndi vuto lovutali molondola kwambiri komanso kugwiritsa ntchito nthawi yeniyeni, njira zophunzirira mozama zasintha kuzindikira kwa zinthu.
Kuphunzira mozama kwatulukira posachedwa ngati njira yamphamvu yothanirana ndi mavutowa, kusintha makampani ozindikira zinthu.
Banja la R-CNN ndi a YOLO banja ndi mabanja awiri odziwika bwino achitsanzo mu chizindikiritso cha chinthu chomwe chidzawunikidwa m'nkhaniyi.
Banja la R-CNN: Kuzindikira Zinthu Zochita Upainiya
Kafukufuku wozindikira zinthu koyambirira adawona kupita patsogolo kwakukulu chifukwa cha banja la R-CNN, lomwe limaphatikizapo R-CNN, Fast R-CNN, ndi Faster R-CNN.
Ndi kapangidwe kake ka ma module atatu, madera omwe akufuna R-CNN adagwiritsa ntchito CNN kuchotsa zinthu, ndikuyika zinthu m'magulu pogwiritsa ntchito ma SVM amzere.
R-CNN inali yolondola, ngakhale zidatenga nthawi chifukwa mabizinesi amderali amafunikira. Izi zidachitidwa ndi Fast R-CNN, yomwe idakulitsa luso pophatikiza ma module onse kukhala mtundu umodzi.
Powonjezera Network Proposal Network (RPN) yomwe idapanga ndikuwongolera malingaliro amderali panthawi yamaphunziro, R-CNN yachangu idakulitsa magwiridwe antchito ndikufikira kuzindikira zinthu zenizeni zenizeni.
Kuchokera ku R-CNN kupita ku Faster R-CNN
Banja la R-CNN, lomwe limayimira "Region-Based "Convolutional Neural Networks" yachita upainiya pakuzindikira zinthu.
Banja ili likuphatikizapo R-CNN, Fast R-CNN, ndi Faster R-CNN, zomwe zonse zidapangidwa kuti zithetse kumasulira kwazinthu ndi ntchito zozindikiritsa.
R-CNN yoyambirira, yomwe idayambitsidwa mu 2014, idawonetsa kugwiritsa ntchito bwino ma neural network a convolutional neural pakuzindikira zinthu ndi kumasulira.
Zinatenga njira zitatu zomwe zidaphatikiza malingaliro amdera, kutulutsa mawonekedwe ndi CNN, ndi gulu lachinthu lokhala ndi magulu amtundu wa Support Vector Machine (SVM).
Kutsatira kukhazikitsidwa kwa Fast R-CNN mu 2015, mavuto othamanga adathetsedwa pophatikiza malingaliro amderali ndikugawa kukhala mtundu umodzi, kutsitsa kwambiri maphunziro ndi nthawi yofotokozera.
Mofulumira R-CNN, yomwe idatulutsidwa mu 2016, idapititsa patsogolo liwiro komanso kulondola mwa kuphatikiza Region Proposal Network (RPN) panthawi yophunzitsidwa kuti ifotokoze mwachangu ndikuwongolera madera.
Zotsatira zake, Faster R-CNN yadzikhazikitsa yokha ngati imodzi mwama algorithms otsogola pantchito zozindikira zinthu.
Kuphatikizika kwa magulu a SVM kunali kofunika kwambiri kuti banja la R-CNN lichite bwino, kusintha gawo la masomphenya apakompyuta ndikuyika njira zopambana zamtsogolo pakuzindikira zinthu mozama motengera kuphunzira.
Mphamvu:
- Kuzindikira kwachinthu chapamwamba kwambiri.
- Zolondola komanso zogwira mtima zimayenderana ndi mapangidwe ogwirizana a R-CNN yachangu.
Zofooka:
- Kulingalira ndi R-CNN ndi Fast R-CNN kungakhale kovuta.
- Kuti R-CNN igwire ntchito mwachangu, malingaliro ambiri amderali angakhalebe ofunikira.
Banja la YOLO: Kuzindikira Zinthu Munthawi Yeniyeni
Banja la YOLO, lozikidwa pa lingaliro lakuti "Mumangoyang'ana Kamodzi" likugogomezera kuzindikira kwa nthawi yeniyeni pamene mukupereka nsembe molondola.
Mtundu woyambirira wa YOLO unali ndi netiweki imodzi ya neural yomwe inkalosera mwachindunji mabokosi omangira ndi zilembo zamakalasi.
Ngakhale ili ndi zolosera pang'ono, YOLO imatha kugwira ntchito mwachangu mpaka mafelemu 155 pamphindikati. YOLOv2, yomwe imadziwikanso kuti YOLO9000, idayang'ana zolakwika zina zachitsanzo poneneratu makalasi 9,000 azinthu ndikuphatikiza mabokosi a nangula kuti alosere zolimba.
YOLOv3 idachita bwino kwambiri, yokhala ndi netiweki yowunikira kwambiri.
Ntchito Zamkati za Banja la YOLO
Mitundu yozindikiritsa zinthu m'banja la YOLO (Mumayang'ana Kamodzi Kokha) yawoneka ngati kupambana kodziwika bwino pamakompyuta.
YOLO, yomwe idakhazikitsidwa mu 2015, imayika patsogolo chizindikiritso cha liwiro ndi nthawi yeniyeni poyembekezera mwachindunji mabokosi omangira ndi zilembo zamakalasi.
Ngakhale kulondola kwina kumaperekedwa nsembe, kumasanthula zithunzi munthawi yeniyeni, ndikupangitsa kuti ikhale yothandiza pakugwiritsa ntchito nthawi yovuta.
YOLOv2 inaphatikizira mabokosi a nangula othana ndi masikelo azinthu zosiyanasiyana ndikuphunzitsidwa pamaseti ambiri kuti athe kuyembekezera makalasi opitilira 9,000.
Mu 2018, YOLOv3 idakulitsa banjali mopitilira muyeso ndi netiweki yozama kwambiri, ndikuwongolera kulondola popanda kusiya kuchita.
Banja la YOLO limaneneratu mabokosi oyika, kuthekera kwamagulu, ndi kuchuluka kwazinthu pogawa chithunzicho kukhala gululi. Imagwirizanitsa bwino liwiro ndi kulondola, ndikupangitsa kuti ikhale yosinthika kuti igwiritsidwe ntchito magalimoto odziimira, kuyang'anira, chisamaliro chaumoyo, ndi zina.
Mndandanda wa YOLO wasintha chizindikiritso cha chinthu popereka mayankho anthawi yeniyeni osapereka kulondola kwenikweni.
Kuchokera ku YOLO kupita ku YOLOv2 ndi YOLOv3, banjali lapita patsogolo kwambiri pakuwongolera kuzindikira kwazinthu m'mafakitale onse, kukhazikitsa mulingo wamakina amakono ozindikira zinthu mozama.
Mphamvu:
- Kuzindikira zinthu munthawi yeniyeni pamitengo yayikulu.
- Kukhazikika pakulosera kwamabokosi omangika kumayambitsidwa mu YOLOv2 ndi YOLOv3.
Zofooka:
- Mitundu ya YOLO imatha kusiya kulondola pang'ono posinthanitsa ndi liwiro.
Kufanizitsa kwa Banja Lachitsanzo: Zolondola vs
Pamene mabanja a R-CNN ndi YOLO akufaniziridwa, zikuwonekeratu kuti kulondola ndi kuchita bwino ndizofunikira malonda. Mitundu ya mabanja a R-CNN imakhala yolondola kwambiri koma imachedwa pang'onopang'ono chifukwa cha kapangidwe kawo ka ma module atatu.
Banja la YOLO, kumbali ina, limayika patsogolo magwiridwe antchito anthawi yeniyeni, kupereka liwiro lapadera ndikutaya kulondola. Chisankho pakati pa mabanja achitsanzowa chimatsimikiziridwa ndi zofunikira zenizeni za pulogalamuyo.
Mitundu ya mabanja a R-CNN ingakhale yabwino pantchito zolemetsa zomwe zimafunikira kulondola kwambiri, pomwe mitundu ya mabanja a YOLO ndiyoyenera kugwiritsa ntchito nthawi yeniyeni.
Kupitilira Kuzindikiridwa Kwazinthu: Ntchito Zowona Padziko Lonse
Kupitilira ntchito zodziwika bwino za zinthu, kuzindikira kwakuya kwazinthu zozikidwa pakuphunzira kwapeza ntchito zambiri.
Kusinthasintha kwake komanso kulondola kwake kwapanga mwayi watsopano m'magawo osiyanasiyana, kuthana ndi zovuta komanso kusintha mabizinesi.
Magalimoto Odziyimira Pawokha: Kukhazikitsa Muyezo Wakuyendetsa Motetezedwa
Kuzindikira chinthu ndikofunikira m'magalimoto odziyimira pawokha potsimikizira kuyenda kotetezeka komanso kodalirika.
Zitsanzo za kuphunzira mozama perekani zidziwitso zofunikira pamayendetsedwe oyendetsa galimoto pozindikira ndikudziwitsa anthu oyenda pansi, okwera njinga, magalimoto ena, ndi zoopsa zomwe zingachitike pamsewu.
Mitundu iyi imalola magalimoto kutenga zisankho zenizeni komanso kupewa kugundana, zomwe zikutifikitsa pafupi ndi tsogolo lomwe magalimoto odziyendetsa okha amakhala limodzi ndi oyendetsa anthu.
Kuchulukitsa Kuchita Bwino ndi Chitetezo pamakampani ogulitsa
Bizinesi yogulitsa malonda yakumbatira kuzindikira mozama kwa zinthu zozikidwa pakuphunzira kuti zithandizire kwambiri ntchito zake.
Zida zodziwira zinthu zimathandizira kuzindikira ndi kutsata zomwe zili pamashelefu am'sitolo, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti zinthu zitheke bwino komanso kuchepetsa zinthu zomwe zasokonekera.
Kuphatikiza apo, machitidwe owunikira omwe ali ndi njira zozindikirira zinthu amathandizira kupewa kuba komanso kukonza chitetezo cham'masitolo.
Kupititsa patsogolo Kujambula Kwamankhwala mu Zaumoyo
Kuzindikira zinthu mozama motengera kuphunzira kwakhala chida chofunikira kwambiri pamalingaliro azachipatala m'gawo lazaumoyo.
Imathandizira azachipatala kuti azindikire zolakwika mu X-ray, MRI scans, ndi zithunzi zina zamankhwala, monga khansa kapena zolakwika.
Kuzindikiritsa chinthu kumathandizira kuzindikira koyambirira ndikukonzekera chithandizo pozindikira ndikuwunikira malo omwe akukhudzidwa.
Kupititsa patsogolo Chitetezo Kudzera mu Chitetezo ndi Kuyang'anira
Kuzindikira kwa chinthu kumatha kukhala kothandiza kwambiri pachitetezo ndikuwunika.
Kuphunzira mozama ma aligorivimu thandizirani gulu la anthu owonera, kuzindikira makhalidwe okayikitsa, ndi kuzindikira zoopsa zomwe zingakhalepo m'malo opezeka anthu ambiri, mabwalo a ndege, ndi malo okwerera magalimoto.
Makinawa amatha kuchenjeza akatswiri achitetezo munthawi yeniyeni powunika mosalekeza ma feed amakanema, kupewa kuphwanya chitetezo, ndikuwonetsetsa chitetezo cha anthu.
Zopinga Zamakono ndi Zoyembekeza Zamtsogolo
Ngakhale kupita patsogolo kwakukulu pakuzindikira zinthu mozama motengera kuphunzira, mavuto akadalipo. Zazinsinsi za data ndizovuta kwambiri, chifukwa kuzindikira kwa chinthu nthawi zambiri kumafuna kuyang'anira zidziwitso zachinsinsi.
Vuto lina lalikulu ndikuwonetsetsa kulimba mtima polimbana ndi adani.
Ochita kafukufuku akuyang'anabe njira zowonjezeretsa kutanthauzira kwachitsanzo ndi kutanthauzira.
Ndi kafukufuku wopitilirapo wokhazikika pakuzindikiritsa zinthu zambiri, kutsata zinthu zamakanema, komanso kuzindikira zinthu zenizeni za 3D, tsogolo likuwoneka lowala.
Tiyenera kuyembekezera mayankho olondola komanso ogwira mtima posachedwa pomwe maphunzilo akuya akupitilira kukula.
Kutsiliza
Kuphunzira mozama kwasintha kuzindikira kwa zinthu, kubweretsa nthawi yolondola komanso yothandiza kwambiri. Mabanja a R-CNN ndi YOLO adasewera maudindo ovuta, aliyense ali ndi kuthekera kosiyana ndi ntchito zina.
Kuzindikiritsa zinthu zotengera kuphunzira mozama ndikusinthira magawo ndikuwongolera chitetezo ndi magwiridwe antchito, kuchoka pamagalimoto odziyimira pawokha kupita kuchipatala.
Tsogolo la kuzindikiridwa kwa chinthu likuwoneka lowala kuposa kale momwe kafukufuku akupita patsogolo, kuthana ndi zovuta ndikufufuza madera atsopano.
Tikuwona kubadwa kwa m'badwo watsopano mu masomphenya apakompyuta pamene tikukumbatira mphamvu ya kuphunzira mozama, ndi kuzindikira zinthu kutsogolera njira.
Siyani Mumakonda