AI ili ndi mphamvu yopititsa patsogolo magwiridwe antchito m'magawo osiyanasiyana monga bizinesi ndi zaumoyo. Komabe, kusowa kwa kutanthauzira kumalepheretsa kudalira kwathu kugwiritsa ntchito popanga zisankho.
Kodi tiyenera kudalira chiweruzo cha algorithm?
Ndikofunikira kwa opanga zisankho mubizinesi iliyonse kuti amvetsetse zoperewera ndi kukondera komwe kungachitike mitundu yophunzirira makina. Kuwonetsetsa kuti zitsanzozi zikuyenda monga momwe amafunira, zotulutsa zamtundu uliwonse wa AI ziyenera kufotokozedwa kwa munthu.
M'nkhaniyi, tikambirana za kufunika kofotokozera mu AI. Tidzapereka mwachidule mitundu ya njira zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kuti tipeze mafotokozedwe kuchokera ku zitsanzo zamakina ophunzirira.
Kodi Explainable AI ndi chiyani?
Zomveka nzeru zochita kupanga kapena XAI imatanthawuza njira ndi njira zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kuti anthu amvetsetse momwe makina ophunzirira amafikira pakupanga zina.
Ambiri otchuka makina kuphunzira algorithms gwiritsani ntchito ngati "bokosi lakuda". Mu kuphunzira makina, ma algorithms a black box tchulani zitsanzo za ML kumene sikutheka kutsimikizira momwe zolowetsa zina zimatsogolera kuzinthu zina. Ngakhale wopanga AI sangathe kufotokoza bwino momwe ma algorithm amagwirira ntchito.
Mwachitsanzo, kugwiritsa ntchito ma algorithms ozama kuphunzira mawindo a neural kuzindikira mawonekedwe kuchokera ku toni ya data. Ngakhale ofufuza a AI ndi otukula amamvetsetsa momwe ma neural network amagwirira ntchito kuchokera pamalingaliro aukadaulo, sangafotokoze bwino momwe neural network idakhalira ndi zotsatira zina.
Ma neural network ena amagwira mamiliyoni a magawo omwe onse amagwira ntchito limodzi kuti abweze zotsatira zomaliza.
M'mikhalidwe yomwe zisankho zimakhala zofunikira, kusowa kofotokozera kumatha kukhala kovuta.
Chifukwa Chiyani Kufotokozera Kuli Kofunika?
Kufotokozera imapereka chidziwitso cha momwe zitsanzo zimapangira zisankho. Mabizinesi omwe akukonzekera kusintha AI kuti apange zisankho ayenera kudziwa ngati AI yagwiritsa ntchito njira yoyenera kuti ipange chisankho chabwino.
Zitsanzo zomwe sizikufotokozedwa ndi nkhani m'mafakitale angapo. Mwachitsanzo, ngati kampani ikadagwiritsa ntchito algorithm popanga zisankho zolembera anthu ntchito, zingakhale zothandiza kwa aliyense kuti awonetsetse momwe ma algorithm asankha kukana wofunsira.
Munda wina kumene kuphunzira kwakukulu ma algorithms akugwiritsidwa ntchito pafupipafupi ndi chisamaliro chaumoyo. Nthawi zomwe ma aligorivimu amayesa kuzindikira zotheka za khansa, ndikofunikira kuti madokotala amvetsetse momwe chitsanzocho chinafikira pakuzindikiritsa. Mulingo wina wofotokozera umafunika kuti akatswiri atengerepo mwayi pa AI osati kutsatira mwachimbulimbuli
Chidule cha Explainable AI Algorithms
Ma algorithm ofotokozera a AI amagwera m'magulu awiri otakata: zitsanzo zodzimasulira komanso kufotokozera pambuyo pahoc.
Zitsanzo zodzimasulira
Zitsanzo zodzimasulira ndi ma algorithms omwe munthu amatha kuwerenga ndikumasulira mwachindunji. Pankhaniyi, chitsanzo chokha ndicho kufotokozera.
Zina mwa zitsanzo zodziwikiratu zodziwikiratu ndizo mitengo yaziganizo ndi zitsanzo zobwerera.
Mwachitsanzo, tiyeni tiganizire za mzere wokhotakhota womwe umaneneratu mitengo ya nyumba. Kubwereranso kwa mzere kumatanthauza kuti ndi mtengo wina x, tidzatha kulosera mtengo wathu y pogwiritsa ntchito mzere wina f.
Tiyerekeze kuti chitsanzo chathu chimagwiritsa ntchito kukula kwake ngati njira yayikulu yodziwira mtengo wanyumba. Pogwiritsa ntchito mzere wa mzere, tinatha kubwera ndi ntchito y = 5000 * x pamene x ndi kuchuluka kwa mapazi apakati kapena kukula kwake.
Chitsanzochi chimawerengeka ndi anthu ndipo chimaonekera poyera.
Kufotokozera kwa Post-Hoc
Kufotokozera pambuyo-hoc ndi gulu la ma aligorivimu ndi njira zomwe zingagwiritsidwe ntchito kuwonjezera kutanthauzira kwa ma aligorivimu ena.
Njira zambiri zofotokozera za post-hoc siziyenera kumvetsetsa momwe ma algorithm amagwirira ntchito. Wogwiritsa amangofunika kufotokoza zomwe alowetsa ndi zotsatira za algorithm yomwe mukufuna.
Malongosoledwe awa amagawidwanso m'mitundu iwiri: mafotokozedwe am'deralo ndi mafotokozedwe apadziko lonse lapansi.
Kufotokozera kwanuko kumafuna kufotokoza kagawo kakang'ono kazolowera. Mwachitsanzo, potengera zomwe zatulutsa, kufotokozera kwanuko kutha kuwonetsa magawo omwe adathandizira kupanga chisankho.
Kufotokozera kwapadziko lonse lapansi kumafuna kutulutsa mafotokozedwe a post-hoc a aligorivimu yonse. Kufotokozera kwamtunduwu nthawi zambiri kumakhala kovuta kwambiri. Ma algorithms ndi ovuta ndipo pakhoza kukhala magawo osawerengeka omwe ali ofunikira pakukwaniritsa zotsatira zomaliza.
Zitsanzo za Local Explanation Algorithms
Mwa njira zambiri zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kuti akwaniritse XAI, ma aligorivimu omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito pofotokozera komweko ndi omwe ofufuza ambiri amayang'ana.
Mu gawoli, tiwona ma algorithms odziwika amderali ndi momwe aliyense wa iwo amagwirira ntchito.
LIME
LIME (Local Interpretable Model-Agnostic Explainer) ndi aligorivimu yomwe imatha kufotokozera kulosera kwa makina aliwonse ophunzirira makina.
Monga dzina limatanthawuzira, LIME ndi chitsanzo-agnostic. Izi zikutanthauza kuti LIME ikhoza kugwira ntchito pamtundu uliwonse. Chitsanzochi chimamasuliridwanso kumaloko, kutanthauza kuti tikhoza kufotokozera chitsanzocho pogwiritsa ntchito zotsatira zapafupi m'malo mofotokozera chitsanzo chonse.
Ngakhale chitsanzo chomwe chikufotokozedwa ndi bokosi lakuda, LIME imapanga chitsanzo cham'deralo pafupi ndi malo enaake.
LIMe imapereka chitsanzo chofananira chomwe chimafanana ndi chitsanzocho pafupi ndi zolosera koma osati padziko lonse lapansi.
Mutha kudziwa zambiri za algorithm iyi poyendera malo otseguka.
SHAP
Shapley Additive Explanations (SHAP) ndi njira yofotokozera zolosera zapayekha. Kuti timvetsetse momwe SHAP imagwirira ntchito, tiyenera kufotokoza zomwe Shapley ali nazo.
Mtengo wa Shapley ndi lingaliro lamasewera lomwe limaphatikizapo kugawa "mtengo" kwa wosewera aliyense pamasewerawo. Izi zimagawidwa kotero kuti mtengo woperekedwa kwa wosewera aliyense umadalira zomwe wosewerayo wathandizira pamasewerawo.
Kodi timagwiritsa ntchito bwanji chiphunzitso chamasewera pakuphunzira pamakina zitsanzo?
Tiyerekeze kuti mbali iliyonse mu chitsanzo chathu ndi "wosewera" ndikuti "masewera" ndi ntchito yomwe imatulutsa zoloserazo.
Njira ya SHAP imapanga choyimira cholemetsa chomwe chimapereka ma Shapley kuzinthu zosiyanasiyana. Mawonekedwe okhala ndi ma Shapley apamwamba amakhala ndi chikoka chachikulu pazotsatira zachitsanzo pomwe mawonekedwe omwe ali ndi ma Shapley otsika amakhala ndi mphamvu zochepa.
Kutsiliza
Kufotokozera kwa AI ndikofunikira osati pakuwonetsetsa chilungamo ndi kuyankha kwa machitidwe a AI, komanso pakukulitsa chidaliro muukadaulo wa AI wonse.
Palinso kafukufuku wochuluka woti azichita m'dera la AI yofotokozera, koma pali njira zodalirika zomwe zingatithandize kumvetsa zovuta za bokosi lakuda AI machitidwe omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito kale masiku ano.
Ndi kafukufuku ndi chitukuko chowonjezereka, titha kuyembekezera kupanga machitidwe a AI omwe ali owonekera komanso osavuta kumva. Pakadali pano, mabizinesi ndi akatswiri m'magawo monga chisamaliro chaumoyo akuyenera kudziwa zofooka za AI yofotokozera.
Siyani Mumakonda