M'ndandanda wazopezekamo[Bisani][Show]
cryptocurrency woyamba, Bitcoin, yomwe inayamba mu 2009. Imagwira ntchito ndi teknoloji yotchedwa blockchain, yomwe imagwirizanitsa ma blockchain angapo otsekedwa mu unyolo, motero dzina. Zochita za Bitcoin zimasungidwa mu block iliyonse. Zochitazo ndizotetezeka kwambiri chifukwa chogwiritsa ntchito blockchain ndi encryption.
Satoshi Nakamoto, kapena gulu la anthu omwe amadziwonetsera okha ngati Satoshi Nakamoto, adayambitsa cryptocurrency iyi. Palibe amene akudziwa kuti Satoshi Nakamoto anali ndani mpaka pano. Ubwino waukulu wa Bitcoin ndikuti umagawidwa, zomwe zikutanthauza kuti sizingawongoleredwe ndi magulu kapena maboma.
Aliyense pa intaneti, mosasamala kanthu komwe ali, akhoza kutumiza Bitcoins kwa wina aliyense pa intaneti; zomwe muyenera kuchita ndikukhazikitsa akaunti ya Bitcoin ndikuyika ma Bitcoins musanatumize ma Bitcoin. Mutha kuzipeza pozigula kapena kuzikumba.
Izi ndi dala: Bitcoins sichimathandizidwa ndi boma kapena bungwe lina lililonse lopereka, ndipo palibe china koma umboni womwe uli pachimake cha dongosololi kuti zitsimikizire mtengo wake.
Kodi Bitcoin imagwira ntchito bwanji?
Blockchain, yomwe ndi buku la digito lokhazikitsidwa, ndiye maziko a Bitcoin. Monga dzina limatanthawuzira, blockchain ndi gulu lolumikizana la data lomwe limapangidwa ndi midadada yomwe imaphatikizapo zambiri zokhudzana ndi zochitika zilizonse, monga tsiku ndi nthawi, mtengo wonse, wogula ndi wogulitsa, ndi nambala yozindikiritsa pa malonda aliwonse. Kuti mupange digito blockchain, zolembera zimalumikizidwa motsatira nthawi.
Malo ogulitsa ayenera kutsimikiziridwa ndi ambiri mwa onse omwe ali ndi Bitcoin kuti alowe nawo mu blockchain ya Bitcoin, ndipo ma code apadera omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito pozindikira zikwama za ogwiritsa ntchito ndi zochitika ziyenera kugwirizana ndi kabisidwe koyenera.
Zizindikirozi ndi zazitali, zosawerengeka zomwe zimakhala zovuta kupanga. M'malo mwake, wachinyengo podziwa chinsinsi cha chikwama chanu cha Bitcoin ali ndi mwayi wopambana jackpot ya Powerball kasanu ndi kamodzi motsatana. Kuchuluka kwa ziwerengero zosawerengeka m'makhodi otsimikizira a blockchain, omwe amafunikira pazochitika zilizonse, amachepetsa mwayi woti aliyense angachite zachinyengo za Bitcoin.
Kodi Migodi ya Bitcoin ndi chiyani?
Boma limasindikiza ndalama za fiat, koma Bitcoin imalola ogwiritsa ntchito kukumba ndalama zatsopano ndikupeza zolimbikitsa kutero. Aliyense akhoza kukumba Bitcoin pogwiritsa ntchito zida zapadera, ndipo adzalandira mphotho yokhazikitsidwa (6.25 BTC pakadali pano) pa chipika chilichonse chokumbidwa.
Komabe, zopindulitsa zimakhala theka zaka zinayi zilizonse, kapena pamene midadada 210,000 idakumbidwa. Migodi sikuti imangopanga midadada yatsopano ya Bitcoin komanso imathandizira kutsimikizira kwa ma network. Ogwira ntchito m'migodi amalipidwa pa chipika chilichonse cha 1MB cha zomwe zatsimikiziridwa.
Mipiringidzo ya Bitcoin imaphatikizapo ma hashes omwe amasunga ma hashes a midadada yam'mbuyomu komanso zambiri zamabizinesi. Hashi ndi gulu la manambala ndi zilembo zopangidwa ndi manambala osankhidwa mwachisawawa. Hashi iliyonse ndi yamtundu wina, ndipo palibe amene anganene kuti imasunga deta yanji pongoyang'ana.
Ngakhale wogwira ntchito m'migodi watsimikizira kuti achitapo kanthu, sangalandire malipiro aliwonse. Momwe migodi imagwirira ntchito ndikuti ngati mukufuna kulandira mphotho yotsimikizira kuchuluka kwa malonda, muyenera kukhala woyamba mgodi kuchita. Umu ndi momwe dongosolo la umboni wa ntchito limagwirira ntchito.
Njira yovomerezera malonda a Bitcoin pa netiweki ya Bitcoin ndikuwonjezera pa mbiri ya blockchain imadziwika kuti migodi ya Bitcoin. Imachitidwa pothana ndi zovuta zovuta za cryptographic hashi kuti zitsimikizire midadada yama transaction pa decentralized blockchain ledger.
Kuti muthetse miyambi iyi, mufunika mphamvu zambiri zogwirira ntchito komanso zida zambiri zodula. Ogwira ntchito m'migodi amalipidwa ndi Bitcoin posinthanitsa ndi zoyesayesa zawo, zomwe pamapeto pake zimatulutsidwa m'magazi, motero mawu akuti Bitcoin migodi.
Mfundo zofunika kuzidziwa
Kuti mumvetsetse bwino migodi ya Bitcoin, muyenera kumvetsetsa kaye malingaliro atatu oyambira a blockchain.
Umboni wa ntchito - Ogwira ntchito m'migodi amatsimikizira zochitika mumigodi ya blockchain pothetsa vuto la masamu lomwe limadziwika kuti umboni wa ntchito. Kuti achite izi, cholinga chachikulu cha mgodi ndikupeza phindu la nonce, lomwe ndi vuto la masamu limene oyendetsa migodi ayenera kuthetsa kuti apange hashi yomwe ili yaying'ono kusiyana ndi cholinga cha netiweki pa chipika china.
Wogawidwa Ledger - Buku logawa ndi nkhokwe yomwe anthu ambiri atha kulipeza ndipo imagawidwa ndikuyanjanitsidwa ndi mgwirizano pamasamba angapo, makampani, kapena mayiko. Zimalola anthu kukhalapo ngati "mboni" panthawi yamalonda. Buku logawidwa ndi buku lapadziko lonse lapansi lomwe limayang'anira zochitika zonse za blockchain network. Ogwiritsa ntchito Bitcoin ndi omwe amatsimikizira zochitika zapaintaneti.
SHA-256 - Blockchain imaletsa kulowa kosafunikira pogwiritsa ntchito hash algorithm yotchedwa SHA-256 kutsimikizira chitetezo cha midadada. Zapangidwa ndi digito autographed. Akalengedwa, mtengo wawo wa hashi sungathe kusinthidwa. SHA-256 imavomereza chingwe chilichonse cholowetsamo kutalika ndikupereka kutulutsa kokhazikika kwa 256-bit; ndi ntchito ya njira imodzi; simungathe kufotokozera momveka bwino zomwe zasintha kuchokera pazotulutsa (zomwe mwapanga).
Kodi migodi ya Bitcoin imagwira ntchito bwanji?
Blockchain ndi intaneti ya anzawo omwe amayamikiridwa kuti ndi otetezeka kwambiri komanso owonekera, choncho odalirika. Izi ndichifukwa choti zolembedwa mumaneti wa blockchain zimatetezedwa pogwiritsa ntchito ma timestamp ndi ma cryptographic hash m'njira yomwe imakhala yovuta komanso yoletsa kusintha zomwe zachitikazo zitalembedwa ku leja. Kupanda kuwongolera kwapakati ndikofunikira pachitetezo cha blockchain.
Nazi zonse zomwe muyenera kudziwa kuti muyambe migodi ya Bitcoin.
Zinthu zoyambira za Bitcoin transaction
Zigawo zitatu zimakhudzidwa pamene malonda ayambitsidwa mu netiweki ya Bitcoin:
- Zolowetsa pazogulitsa
- Zotsatira za mgwirizano
- Kuchuluka kwa ndalamazo
Pulogalamu ya migodi ya Bitcoin imapanga vuto latsopano la cryptographic hashi pazolowetsa zilizonse zomwe zimakhala zovuta kuzimasulira. Pulogalamuyi imapanga mtengo wa Merkle potengera kuchuluka kwa zochitika zofunika kuti mupange chipika.
SHA-256 Algo & The Merkle Tree
Mtengo wa hashi, womwe umadziwikanso kuti mtengo wa Merkle, ndi mtengo womwe ma hash algorithm a data block amalembedwa pamasamba aliwonse ndipo ma hash algorithm a zilembo za ana ake amalembedwa pa node iliyonse yopanda masamba. Mtengo wa Merkle ndi dongosolo la data lomwe limagwira ntchito ngati chidule cha zochitika zonse mkati mwa chipika.
Ma hashes amtundu uliwonse omwe amatchedwanso ma ID a transaction, amalumikizidwa mobwerezabwereza mumtengo wa Merkle pogwiritsa ntchito njira ya SHA-256 mpaka hashi imodzi yokha izindikiritse mtengo wonsewo. Hashi iyi imatchedwa Merkle root kapena root hashi. Mtengo wa Merkle umalola maukonde a Bitcoin kuti atsimikizire mwachangu zomwe zikuchitika.
Ntchito za Hash zikuphatikizapo:
Zapadera: kusinthidwa kulikonse pazolowera nthawi zonse kumabweretsa hashi yosiyana (yosayembekezereka). Kunena mwanjira ina, ma data awiri osiyana sangathe kupanga hashi yomweyo.
Wotsimikiza: zolowetsa zofanana zimatulutsa hashi yomweyo nthawi iliyonse.
Zosasinthika: Hashi imapangidwa m'njira imodzi yokha, zomwe zikutanthauza kuti chingwe choyambirira sichingatheke kuchokera ku hashi.
Kukula kwanthawi zonse: mosasamala kanthu za kukula kwa deta yochokera, njira yomweyo idzapanga nthawi zonse hashi yofanana.
Letsani chamutu
Mutu wa block block umasunga mizu ya Merkle, yomwe ndi chizindikiritso cha mtengo wa Merkle. Mutu wa block umapereka chidziwitso cha block ndipo uli ndi zigawo izi:
- Nambala ya mtundu wa Bitcoin software
- Hashi ya block yam'mbuyo
- Merkle mizu (root hash)
- Cryptographic nonce panthawi inayake
- Ogwira ntchito ku migodi adzagwiritsa ntchito detayi kuti athetse vuto la hashi ndikuwonjezera malonda a block.
Kuthetsa vuto la hash
Ogwira ntchito ku migodi ayenera kuthetsa vuto la hashi popeza hashi pansi pa cholinga chomwe chinatchulidwa pamene akutsatira zofunikira zovuta. Cholinga, chomwe chili pamutu, ndi nambala ya 67 yomwe imatsimikizira zovuta za migodi potengera kuchuluka kwa anthu ogwira ntchito m'migodi omwe akuyesera kuthetsa ntchito ya hashi.
Ndikofunika kukumbukira kuti zovutazi zimasiyanasiyana pambuyo pa chipika chilichonse cha 2016, kutengera nthawi yomwe ochita mgodi adatenga kuti athetse ma equation mu midadada yapitayi ya 2016. Izi zimathandiziranso kusunga kuchuluka kwazomwe zikuchitika mu blockchain mphindi 10.
Ogwira ntchito m'migodi adzayesa kuthetsa vuto la hashi mwa kuwonjezera mosalekeza nonce kumutu wa block mpaka mtengo wa hashi wopangidwa ndi wocheperapo kuposa chandamale. Pamene makina amigodi amathetsa vutoli, chipika chatsopano chimapangidwa bwino ndikutsimikiziridwa pa intaneti ya Bitcoin pamene mfundozo zimagwirizana. Pamene chipika chatsimikiziridwa, zochitika zomwe zili nazo zimatsimikiziridwa, ndipo chipikacho chimawonjezeredwa ku unyolo. Monga tanena kale, izi zimachitika mphindi 10 zilizonse.
Zofunikira za migodi ya Bitcoin
Mgodi wa Bitcoin adzayamba kusankha ndikukhazikitsa zida zawo zamalonda.
- GPU (magawo opangira zojambulajambula), SSD ya migodi ya crypto, kapena ASIC (gawo lophatikizika la pulogalamu)
- Chikwama chosungira
- Mapulogalamu amigodi
- Dziwe la migodi lomwe mumakonda (ngati wina asankha njira yopangira migodi m'malo mwa migodi payekha)
Zonse zikakhazikika ndipo dongosolo liyatsidwa, limayamba kukumba palokha. Kuyanjana kwina kulikonse kwa anthu kumachitika pokhapokha ngati dongosolo kapena kulephera kwa ma netiweki, kutha kwa magetsi, kapena kukonza dongosolo lanthawi zonse.
Tiyeni tikambirane zofunikira zonse mwatsatanetsatane.
Dongosolo la migodi likufunika kuti mukhale mgodi wa Bitcoin. Mutha kugula khwekhwe lomwe linamangidwa kale. Zitha kukhala zokwera mtengo kuposa zida zopangira migodi. Dongosolo lonse la migodi likhoza kukhala laphokoso kwambiri, limatulutsa kutentha kwambiri, ndipo liyenera kuthamanga maola 24 pa tsiku, masiku asanu ndi awiri pa sabata. Kugwira ntchito mubizinesi yamigodi ya Bitcoin ndizovuta kwambiri.
Kupanga kukhazikitsa migodi kuli kofanana ndi kupanga kompyuta yamasewera. Ngati munadzipangira nokha, mutha kudziwa momwe mungasamalire ndikugwiritsa ntchito zida za Hardware ngati china chake chalakwika. Ngati mulibe nthawi yopangira imodzi, mutha kugula yomwe idamangidwa kale.
Zomangidwanso kale migodi yamigodi itha kukhala ndi ma GPU awiri ochulukirapo, koma zida zomangidwa mwamakonda zitha kukhala ndi ma GPU ambiri. Makina opangira migodi, kaya atsopano kapena ogwiritsidwa ntchito kale, amawononga madola masauzande angapo. Kugula makina opangira migodi omwe adagwiritsidwa ntchito kale kukupatsani GPU yomwe yatha kale ndipo imakhala ndi moyo wocheperako.
Kuti ayambe, chowongoleracho chimangofunika makina oyambira a Windows ndi mapulogalamu ena amigodi. Mutasankha mlandu wokhazikitsa migodi yanu, mutha kuyamba kugula bolodi yamamama. Kuti mugwiritse ntchito migodi, simufunika bolodi lapamwamba kwambiri. Cholinga chachikulu ndikutha kuthandizira ma GPU ambiri momwe angathere.
Ma MOBO awa akuyenera kusinthidwanso. Mukuyang'ana pa Asus, MSI, ndi Gigabyte motherboards. Mutatha kupeza zigawozi, ndi nthawi yoti musankhe CPU. Wamakono Multi-core CPU yokhala ndi 4-8 GB ya RAM chofunika. Simuyenera kuchulukitsira CPU kuti mugwire bwino ntchito chifukwa chokhazikika. Ma CPU olowera mu Intel, monga Celeron kapena Pentium, akwanira.
Kukonzekera migodi kumafunika magetsi osachepera 1000W ndi intaneti yodalirika. Chifukwa machitidwe a migodiwa amagwira ntchito molemera kwambiri maola 24 pa tsiku, masiku asanu ndi awiri pa sabata, mphamvu ya migodi ya golide ikufunika. Izi zimatha kukweza kwambiri mtengo wamagetsi! Mutha kulumikiza magetsi awiri kuti mupange makina okulirapo amigodi.
Mutha kusunga ndalama posungira ndi RAM pambuyo pa ma GPU onse okwera mtengo komanso magetsi othamanga kwambiri. Kwa Windows PC, RAM ya 8GB imaperekedwa; Komabe, 4GB RAM ingachite. Kumbukirani kuti ngati muli ndi magetsi otsika kapena zida zotsalira, mutha kungoyika makina amigodi pamtengo wochepera kapena osawonjezera popanda kuphwanya banki.
Muyeneranso kuganizira zovuta za migodi ya Bitcoin chipika masiku ano. Ngati zonse zikuyenda monga momwe munakonzera, mutha kuyamba kupanga ndalama pakadutsa miyezi 7-8. Mutha kuyesa ngati muli ndi zida zilizonse zozungulira!
Zotsatira za migodi Bitcoin pa chilengedwe
Migodi ya Bitcoin imafuna mphamvu pafupifupi 91 terawatt-maola chaka chilichonse. Ndiwoposa kuwirikiza kasanu ndi kawiri kuchuluka kwa mphamvu zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi Google padziko lonse lapansi.
Padziko lonse lapansi, kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu kwa Bitcoin kuli ndi zotsatira zoyipa kwambiri pakusintha kwanyengo ndikukwaniritsa zolinga za Paris Accord chifukwa zimamasulira pafupifupi matani 22 mpaka 22.9 miliyoni a mpweya wa CO2 pachaka-ofanana ndi mpweya wa CO2 kuchokera pakugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu zanyumba 2.6 mpaka 2.7 biliyoni mu chaka.
Malinga ndi kafukufuku wina, Bitcoin ikhoza kuyambitsa kutentha kwa dziko kupitirira 2 ° C. Malinga ndi kuyerekezera kwina, migodi ya Bitcoin ku China yokha ikhoza kutulutsa matani 130 miliyoni a CO2 pofika chaka cha 2024. Komabe, ngati migodi yambiri ipita ku United States ndi mayiko ena, chiwerengerochi chikhoza kukhala chokwera kwambiri pokhapokha ngati mphamvu zowonjezereka zikugwiritsidwa ntchito.
Ubwino wake
- Zochita ndi zachinsinsi komanso zotetezedwa nthawi zonse, ndipo zolipirira zocheperako. Mukakhala ndi ma Bitcoins, mutha kuwatumiza kwa aliyense, kulikonse nthawi iliyonse, kuchepetsa nthawi ndi mtengo wotheka wamalonda aliwonse. Zambiri zaumwini monga dzina kapena nambala ya kirediti kadi sizinaphatikizidwe m'machitidwe, zomwe zimachepetsa kuopsa kwa chidziwitso chamakasitomala kutengera kugula mwachinyengo kapena kuba. (Komabe, kumbukirani kuti kuti mugule Bitcoins pakusinthana, nthawi zambiri mumayenera kulumikiza akaunti yanu yakubanki kaye.)
- Kukhoza kulepheretsa mabungwe azachuma kapena anthu ochita malonda ndi boma. Pambuyo pavuto lazachuma ndi Kugwa Kwachuma Kwakukulu, osunga ndalama ena akufunitsitsa kugwiritsa ntchito ndalama zina, zogawikana - zomwe sizingalamuliridwe ndi mabanki achikhalidwe, mabungwe olamulira, kapena maphwando ena.
- Pali malo ambiri oti mukulitse. Ogulitsa ena omwe amagula ndikusunga ndalamazo amakhulupirira kuti pamene Bitcoin ikukula, chidaliro chokulirapo ndi kugwiritsa ntchito mokulirapo kudzatsatira, kukulitsa mtengo wandalama.
Zoyipa
- Nkhawa Zokhudza Kubera Ngakhale kuti otsutsa amanena kuti teknoloji ya blockchain yomwe ili pansi pa Bitcoin ndi yotetezeka kwambiri kusiyana ndi kusamutsa ndalama zamagetsi zamagetsi, Bitcoin hot wallets zatsimikizira kuti ndizoyesa zachiwembu. Zophwanya zingapo zapamwamba zachitika, monga lipoti la Meyi 2019 loti ndalama zoposa $40 miliyoni ku Bitcoin zidabedwa kuchokera kumaakaunti apamwamba kwambiri pakusinthana kwa cryptocurrency Binance (kampaniyo idaphimba zotayikazo).
- Bitcoins pakali pano amangovomerezedwa ndi ochepa ogulitsa pa intaneti. Izi zimapangitsa kuti zikhale zosatheka kudalira Bitcoins kokha ngati ndalama. Maboma atha kukakamiza ogulitsa kuti asavomereze ma Bitcoins kuti awonetsetse kuti zomwe ogwiritsa ntchito akumana nazo zitha kutsatiridwa.
Kutsiliza
Bitcoin mining ndi njira yovuta yomwe imafuna kuthetsa ma algorithms ovuta. Ngati mukufuna kuyambitsa migodi ya Bitcoins, muyenera kuyika ndalama pazambiri zama Hardware ndi mphamvu zamagetsi. Zingatenge miyezi kuti muyambe kupanga ndalama. Komabe, pambuyo pake zobwererazo zingakhale zodabwitsa.
Ndikukhulupirira kuti nkhaniyi inatha kuyankha mafunso onse okhudzana ndi mafunso anu okhudza migodi ya Bitcoin. Gawani maganizo anu mu ndemanga.
Siyani Mumakonda