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Muaj qhov ua tau zoo nkauj uas koj tau tshaj tawm qee yam yog tias koj tau siv sijhawm twg los hauv online.
streaming yog ib qho ntawm feem ntau siv rau hauv internet lub npe nrov tshaj plaws apps, txawm nws yog los ntawm YouTube, Spotify, Netflix, los yog ib puas leej lwm tus.
Txawm li cas los xij, txiav txim siab seb qhov chaw streaming zoo li cas, nws yooj yim rau kev pom zoo. Piv txwv li: streaming yog dab tsi, raws nraim?
Txhua yam khoom siv xov xwm, txawm tias nyob lossis kaw, uas raug xa tawm hauv Is Taws Nem rau cov khoos phis tawj thiab cov khoom siv txawb thiab ua si rov qab rau lub sijhawm tiag tiag yog hu ua streaming.
Cov khoom siv streaming feem ntau muaj xws li podcasts, webcasts, duab suab, TV qhia, thiab suab paj nruag yeeb yaj kiab.
Cov khoom tshaj tawm xws li suab paj nruag, yeeb yaj kiab, thiab lwm yam yog npaj thiab xa mus rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv sib law liag kom lawv tuaj yeem streamed tam sim ntawd.
Ib qho khoom siv tsim nyog, nkag mus rau qhov kev pabcuam streaming lossis app, thiab kev sib txuas ceev ceev, muaj kev ntseeg siab hauv internet yog txhua yam koj xav tau kwj.
Nco tseg: Peb yuav siv qhov kev pabcuam streaming video ua peb qhov piv txwv.
Cov ntawv tshaj tawm no yuav ua tib zoo saib cov kev pabcuam streaming cov qauv tsim thiab cov ntsiab lus tseem ceeb los coj mus rau hauv tus account thaum tsim video streaming applications.
system Cai
Ntawm cov kev pabcuam streaming nrov tshaj plaws hauv ntiaj teb yog YouTube thiab Netflix. Txhawm rau txhim kho cov neeg siv kev paub, lawv cov architecture suav nrog ntau lub ntsiab lus.
Cov kev pabcuam no suav nrog cov yeeb yaj kiab nrov, sau nqi, AI-raws li cov lus pom zoo, thiab saib tom qab ua haujlwm, tab sis peb yuav mloog zoo rau cov ntsiab lus tseem ceeb.
Core Zoo
Peb tau suav nrog cov peev txheej hauv qab no hauv peb lub tswv yim rau a video streaming qhov kev pab:
- Cov neeg tsim cov ntsiab lus tuaj yeem tshaj tawm cov yeeb yaj kiab.
- Cov neeg saib tuaj yeem siv ntau yam khoom siv los saib cov yeeb yaj kiab (mobile, TV, thiab lwm yam).
- Hauv cov yeeb yaj kiab, cov neeg siv tuaj yeem hais, nyiam, lossis tsis nyiam.
- Cov npe ntawm cov yeeb yaj kiab tuaj yeem siv los tshawb nrhiav lawv.
- Txhawm rau qhia cov txheeb cais no rau cov neeg siv, lub kaw lus tuaj yeem khaws cov kev pom, nyiam, thiab tsis nyiam.
Lub hom phiaj ntawm qhov system
- Yuav tsum tsis txhob muaj buffering kom cov neeg saib tuaj yeem saib cov yeeb yaj kiab hauv lub sijhawm.
- Kev khaws cia rau video yuav tsum muaj kev vam meej. Koj yuav tsum tsis txhob poob cov yeeb yaj duab koj tau upload.
- Nrog kev nce hauv cov neeg siv, qhov system yuav tsum tau scalable.
- Tsawg latency thiab siab muaj yuav tsum yog cov yam ntxwv ntawm lub system. Hauv qhov xwm txheej no, kev sib raug zoo tsis yog qhov tseem ceeb vim tias nws tsis ua li cas rau tus neeg siv yuav tsum tau tos qee lub sijhawm ua ntej pom cov yeeb yaj kiab xa tawm tshiab.
Ib tus neeg rau zaub mov tsis tuaj yeem tswj cov ntim ntawm cov ntaub ntawv vim tias lub kaw lus yuav tsum tswj cov tsheb khiav tsis tu ncua. Ib pawg ntawm cov servers yuav raug siv los ua haujlwm rau qhov system.
Yuav tsum tsis txhob muaj qhov cuam tshuam nrawm rau cov neeg siv khoom txawm tias ib lub server poob.
High-Level Architecture
Ib qhov kev pab cuam video streaming tuaj yeem txais ib qho ntawm peb hom kev thov:
- Upload (sau)
- Nrhiav (nyeem)
- Saib (nyeem)
Txij li thaum nyeem cov lus nug (nrhiav thiab saib) feem ntau yuav yog ob peb zaug ntau zaus tshaj li sau cov lus thov (upload), txhua tus ntawm lawv yog tswj los ntawm ib pawg ntawm servers.
Vim tias qhov kev zov me nyuam tau nyeem ntau heev, koj yuav tsum teeb tsa ntau cov servers los ua cov ntawv thov nyeem ntau dua li uploads.
Txhua qhov kev thov ua los ntawm tus neeg siv khoom raug xa mus rau qhov tsim nyog microservice los ntawm thauj balancer thaum tau txais.
Upload Service
Cov kev pabcuam upload, uas ua cov yees duab, uploads rau Qhib Txuas servers thiab ua rau nws nkag mus rau txhua tus neeg siv, ua tiav qhov kev thov upload.
Nrhiav Kev Pabcuam
Lub load balancer xa cov lus nug mus rau kev tshawb nrhiav microservice, uas tom qab ntawd xa mus rau Netflix's Elastic search. Tus neeg siv tau txais cov lus teb Elastic search.
Kev tshawb nrhiav Elastic, qhov ua tau zoo kawg ntawm cov ntawv nyeem qhib qhov chaw tshawb nrhiav, yog siv los ntawm Netflix los tshawb txog ntau lab ntawm cov yeeb yaj kiab.
Kev tshawb nrhiav Elastic yog siv los ntawm Netflix los txheeb xyuas cov neeg siv khoom pabcuam.
Saib Kev Pabcuam
Feem ntau ntawm cov kev thov saib yuav tsis raug xa mus rau lub load balancer lossis Netflix cov servers. Hloov chaw, cov neeg siv yuav txuas rau ISPs hauv zos thiab raug pub ncaj qha los ntawm qhov ze tshaj plaws Open Connect server.
Txawm li cas los xij, yog tias qhov kev thov vis dis aus tsis tuaj yeem siv tau, nws yuav raug xa mus rau cov khoom sib npaug thiab saib microservice.
Cov vis dis aus yog tom qab ntawd tshawb nrhiav hauv cov ntaub ntawv metadata, rov qab los ntawm txoj kev teev tseg hauv cov metadata, thiab xa mus rau tus neeg siv khoom.
Tau kawg, cov txheej txheem no suav nrog latency, uas yog vim li cas txhua qhov kev thov saib yog muab los ntawm Open Connect.
Upload yeeb yaj duab
YouTube lub hom phiaj tseem ceeb yog upload ib zaj yeeb yaj kiab lossis yees duab. Ib qho kev pabcuam streaming video yuav tsum kov yeej ntau yam teeb meem ua ntej ua yeeb yaj kiab nkag mus rau nws cov neeg siv khoom.
Khaws rau hauv Daim
Txhua daim vis dis aus xa tawm yuav muab faib ua ntau cov ntaub ntawv me dua li tsis yog khaws cia ua ib cov ntaub ntawv loj.
Qhov no yog qhov tseem ceeb vim tias cov neeg tsim khoom muaj peev xwm xa cov yeeb yaj kiab loj. Ib cov ntaub ntawv loj loj yuav siv sij hawm ib ntus los ua haujlwm lossis kwj.
Tus neeg saib yuav tsis tas yuav rub tawm cov yeeb yaj kiab tiav txhawm rau ua si nws yog tias nws tau txais kev cawmdim thiab ua kom muaj rau lawv hauv daim.
Txhawm rau kom ntseeg tau tias muaj me ntsis latency ntawm chunks thiab cov neeg siv muaj qhov kev pom zoo, tus neeg siv yuav xub thov thawj chunk los ntawm tus neeg rau zaub mov thiab tom qab ntawd thov cov chunk hauv qab no thaum lub chunk ua si.
Ua Queue
Txhua qhov vis dis aus muaj ntau qhov chunks, thiab Netflix yuav siv ntau tus neeg ua haujlwm ib txhij los tshuaj xyuas lawv, yog li yuav tsum muaj cov kab ua haujlwm. Los ntawm kev ntxiv lawv rau cov kab, qhov no ua kom yooj yim dua.
Cov hauj lwm yuav raug sau los ntawm cov neeg ua haujlwm (lossis encoders, uas peb yuav npog ntxiv), encoded rau hauv ntau hom, thiab tom qab ntawd muab tso rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv faib tawm.
Video Yeeb Yaj Kiab
Nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb heev kom hloov thiab txuag cov video chunks nyob rau hauv ob peb hom kom cov neeg saib yuav saib tau lawv siv cov cuab yeej thiab internet kev twb kev txuas uas ua hauj lwm zoo tshaj plaws rau lawv.
Cov yeeb yaj kiab tuaj yeem pom ntawm lub laptop, xov tooj, TV, lossis lwm yam khoom siv los ntawm cov neeg saib. Cov qauv zoo tshaj plaws rau ntau yam khoom siv sib txawv ntawm ib leeg.
Nyob rau hauv ib txoj kev zoo sib xws, ntau tus neeg saib tuaj yeem siv ntau yam bandwidths kom nkag mus hauv is taws nem.
Qee cov neeg saib tuaj yeem tuaj yeem tshaj tawm cov yeeb yaj kiab uas muaj kev daws teeb meem yooj yim nyob ntawm qhov ceev ntawm lawv qhov kev sib txuas hauv internet lossis bandwidth, thaum cov uas muaj bandwidth tsawg dua yuav muaj peev xwm tshaj tawm cov yeeb yaj kiab uas tsis tshua muaj txiaj ntsig zoo dua.
Qhib Txuas
Thaum koj siv koj tus browser thov Netflix.com, koj tus ISP (Internet Service Provider) raug nug kom tsim kom muaj kev sib txuas ntawm koj lub computer thiab Netflix server.
Koj ISP hu rau Netflix IP chaw nyob ntawm koj tus sawv cev thiab xa cov txiaj ntsig rau koj. Cov neeg tuaj saib hauv lub tebchaws nyob deb xws li Tokyo yuav muaj kev ncua sijhawm tseem ceeb hauv kev xa tawm thiab tau txais cov cim qhia vim tias muaj ntau ntawm cov servers hauv Asmeskas.
Nrog rau cov yeeb yaj kiab, kev ncua sij hawm muaj ntau qhov kev txhawj xeeb vim tias ntau cov ntaub ntawv yuav tsum tau xa mus rau tus neeg saib, thiab yog tias nws yog, streaming yuav qeeb thiab cov neeg siv kev paub yuav raug kev txom nyem.
Netflix siv cov txheej txheem ntse los kho qhov teeb meem. Nws yog lub npe hu ua Open Connect (OC). Qhib Txuas yog CDN uas Netflix siv (Cov ntsiab lus xa tawm).
Txhawm rau cache cov ntaub ntawv online thiab xa nws sai sai rau cov neeg siv khoom los ntawm kev txo lub cev kev ncua deb ntawm cov neeg siv thiab cov khoom siv, CDN yog lub network ntawm cov servers sib kis thiab cov chaw sib txuas cov ntaub ntawv.
load Ntsuas
A ib daim ntawv thov neeg rau zaub mov tsis tuaj yeem tswj qhov ntim ntawm kev thov (xws li uploading, tshawb nrhiav, thiab saib cov lus thov) uas tuaj txog txhua ob.
Yuav tsum muaj qhov sib npaug ntawm qhov chaw txhawm rau faib cov haujlwm ua haujlwm thoob plaws ntau lub servers vim tias muaj ntau lub servers koom nrog.
Netflix ntiav cov hashing tas li los faib cov khoom thauj ntawm cov servers vim tias nws tuaj yeem tswj cov servers tsis ua haujlwm thiab ua kom haum rau kev teeb tsa ntawm cov servers ntxiv nrog yooj yim.
Txij li qhov muaj koob meej ntawm txhua qhov yeeb yaj kiab sib txawv, cov servers tiag tiag uas tuav cov yeeb yaj kiab no tuaj yeem ntsib qhov tsis sib xws. Siv dynamic HTTP redirections, uas tso cai rau ib tug tibneeg hu tauj coob neeg rau zaub mov hloov ib tug tshiab thov mus rau ib tug qhib server, peb yuav kho qhov teeb meem no.
Kev txiav txim siab thaum tsim Daim Ntawv Thov Video Streaming
Nrhiav thiab txhim kho koj lub niche
Nrog rau ntau yam khoom siv sib txawv, los ntawm kev lom zem mus rau kev kawm mus rau kev qoj ib ce, nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb rau kev tsim kom muaj qhov sib txawv nrog cov khoom tshwj xeeb. Koj tuaj yeem tsim lub platform rau documentaries lossis yeeb yaj kiab ywj pheej.
Daim Ntawv Thov Kev Pab Nyiaj
Kev cuam tshuam cov qauv monetization ib txwm tuaj yeem ua rau kev tsim kho tshiab thiab kev loj hlob. Cov phiaj xwm yuav tsum tau ua kom haum rau cov neeg tuaj saib lub hom phiaj.
Vim tias cov neeg ua lag luam twb tau ua lag luam ua lag luam, koj tuaj yeem sim monetizing pub dawb koom nrog kev tshaj tawm lossis cov khoom tso tawm.
Nrog rau qhov no, yog tias koj xav tsim lub ntiaj teb streaming kev pabcuam platform, koj yuav tsum xav txog ntau qhov txiaj ntsig xav tau.
Muaj Txuj Ci Zoo
Qhov kev ua tau zoo ntawm qhov kev zov me nyuam yuav tsum tau txhim kho rau cov xwm txheej zoo li qeeb internet lossis cov neeg siv nrog kev txwv tsis pub nkag.
Streaming yeeb yaj duab
Tsis tsuas yog Netflix tshaj tawm cov ntsiab lus, tab sis nws kuj siv cov txheej txheem kev siv tshuab thiab cov lus qhia tus kheej kom cov neeg siv txuas nrog rau cov kev pabcuam.
Npaj los tsim cov kev pabcuam streaming zoo ib yam li Netflix nrog rau qhov tseem ceeb ntawm cov ntaub ntawv txheeb xyuas thiab cov neeg siv kev hloov kho.
Tswj lub App ntau lub luag haujlwm
Hauv Netflix app, cov neeg siv saib tsuas yog ib qho ntawm ntau tus neeg siv lub luag haujlwm. Kev npaj yuav tsum muaj rau ntau tus neeg siv thiab lawv txoj kev nkag mus, suav nrog tus thawj tswj hwm, tus tswv video, cov koom tes, tus neeg saib xyuas, thiab lwm yam.
xaus
Hauv kev xaus, qhov no yog li cas cov kev pabcuam streaming zoo li Netflix, YouTube, thiab lwm yam hauv cov yeeb yaj kiab, tswj xyuas lawv thiab qhia lawv rau ntau lab tus neeg siv khoom.
Txawm hais tias txhua daim ntawv thov no yuav muaj ob peb yam ntxiv uas muab lawv sib nrug, qhov kev ua haujlwm tseem ceeb yog ua raws li tib lub algorithms.
Kuv tau ua qhov zoo tshaj plaws los muab koj cov ntsiab lus dav dav ntawm cov kev pabcuam streaming system architecture, tab sis muaj ntau ntxiv nyob rau hauv keeb kwm yav dhau.
Kuv vam tias koj yuav pom qhov kev paub no muaj txiaj ntsig thiab siv nws.
Sau ntawv cia Ncua