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- Qhov System Administrator yog dab tsi?
System Administrator Lub luag haujlwm+-
- 1. Kev tswj hwm thiab kev tso cai siv
- 2. Kev ceeb toom & saib xyuas
- 3. Txhim kho, hloov kho, thiab teeb tsa software
- 4. Kev tswj hwm thiab kev koom tes ntawm cov ntaub ntawv
- 5. SSO thiab Password Administration
- 6. Txoj cai thiab cov txheej txheem rau kev siv lub system
- 7. Security
- 8. Kev hloov kho cov ntaub ntawv khiav thiab khaws cov ntaub ntawv hloov tshiab
- 9. Tshawb nrhiav, teb, thiab kho qhov xwm txheej
- 10. Kev daws teeb meem thiab kev npaj
- Puas yog Daim Ntawv Pov Thawj Yuav Tsum Tau rau Cov Thawj Coj Ua Haujlwm?
- xaus
Nrog rau ntau lub lag luam siv cov cuab yeej siv tshiab, muaj kev ruaj ntseg IT infrastructure tseem ceeb dua puas tau. Kev poob qis tsis yog tsuas yog tsis yooj yim rau kev lag luam; nws tseem tuaj yeem tso lawv tawm ntawm kev lag luam sai sai.
Tus nqi nruab nrab ntawm IT downtime yog $ 5,600 ib feeb, raws li Gartner qhia.
Qhov no yog vim li cas cov lag luam xav kom cov thawj tswj hwm tswj hwm tag nrho lawv cov lag luam software mus txog hnub thiab ua haujlwm.
Vim tias qhov ua tau zoo txhua lub koom haum tam sim no nyob ntawm kev ua haujlwm zoo IT, cov neeg ua haujlwm hauv computer uas muaj peev xwm tau txais kev xav tau los tswj thiab tswj cov khoos phis tawj.
Sysadmins yog niaj hnub superheroes uas ua rau kev lag luam mus. Yog li ntawd, qhov no tsis yog ib txoj hauj lwm rau cov faint ntawm lub plawv.
Hauv tsab xov xwm no, peb yuav mus dhau qhov kev tswj hwm qhov tob tob, nrog rau cov kev txawj ntse uas yuav tsum tau ua kom ua tiav qhov kev tswj hwm.
Cia peb pib.
Qhov System Administrator yog dab tsi?
Tus thawj tswj hwm qhov system (sysadmin) yog tus kws tshaj lij IT uas tswj hwm ntau lub khoos phis tawj ib puag ncig thiab ua kom ntseeg tau tias IT cov kev pabcuam thiab cov tshuab txhawb nqa tau ua haujlwm zoo tshaj plaws.
Sysadmins yog lub luag haujlwm ua kom lawv lub tuam txhab cov khoos phis tawj, servers, thiab internet nce thiab khiav txhua lub sijhawm kom tsis txhob muaj kev cuam tshuam kev lag luam. Kev teeb tsa thiab kev saib xyuas, xws li kev txhim kho thiab kev debugging hardware thiab software, nrog rau kev tshuaj xyuas cov thev naus laus zis tshiab rau lawv cov lag luam, yog txhua feem ntawm cov txheej txheem no.
Cov thawj tswj hwm feem ntau yog tus saib xyuas kev txhim kho, tswj xyuas, teeb tsa, thiab kho cov servers, tes hauj lwm, thiab lwm lub tshuab computer.
Lawv dabble nrog ob qho tib si kho vajtse thiab software, kawm me ntsis programming thiab scripting los ua haujlwm thiab kev ua ub no thoob plaws hauv lawv cov apps thiab infrastructure.
Tau ntau xyoo lawm, SysAdmins tau ua haujlwm feem ntau hauv keeb kwm yav dhau los kom ntseeg tau tias muaj thiab ua haujlwm ntawm koj cov kev pabcuam IT tseem ceeb tshaj plaws.
Thiab, thaum txoj kev loj hlob ntawm DevOps thiab huab xam tau ua rau muaj coob tus neeg uas muaj kev txawj ntse SysAdmin/Developer hybrid, lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb ntawm tus thawj tswj hwm yuav tsum yog qhov tseem ceeb.
Cov thawj tswj hwm niaj hnub no muaj peev xwm hauv ob qho tib si kho vajtse thiab software, tsim kom ruaj khov, ruaj ntseg architecture kom ntseeg tau tias kev lag luam ua tiav.
Hauv thaj av ntawm DevOps, software tsim tawm tau nce zoo li SysAdmins, thiab SysAdmins tau nce zoo li cov neeg tsim tawm, ua rau muaj kev sib koom tes zoo dua thiab cov lus tawm tswv yim nruj dua thoob plaws txhua pab pawg.
System Administrator Lub luag haujlwm
Raws li SysAdmin, koj yog tus saib xyuas tag nrho tech thiab IT pawg. Qhov no txhais tau tias koj yog tus saib xyuas lub kaw lus uas tswj hwm koj lub koom haum ua tiav hauv cheeb tsam IT. Txhua thib ob koj lub vev xaib lossis server yog offline raug nqi koj cov nyiaj raws li cov khoom lag luam ploj, cov nyiaj tau los, thiab cov nqi poob qis.
Ua ntej thiab qhov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws, SysAdmins yuav tsum yog tus daws teeb meem. Ua tus thawj tswj hwm muaj peev xwm txhais tau tias koj tuaj yeem kawm yam tshiab thiab muaj kev tawm tswv yim zoo nrog koj pab pawg txhim kho, nrog rau ntau qhov kev khiav hauj lwm, kev teeb tsa network, thiab kev txhawj xeeb txog kev nyab xeeb.
Txawm li cas los xij, kom muaj kev nkag siab zoo ntawm lub peev xwm thiab thev naus laus zis koj yuav tsum paub, cia peb saib qee yam haujlwm ua haujlwm SysAdmin.
1. Kev tswj hwm thiab kev tso cai siv
Kev tso cai rau tus neeg siv thiab kev tswj hwm rau txhua daim ntawv thov thiab cov kev pabcuam feem ntau yog tswj hwm los ntawm cov thawj tswj hwm. SysAdmins tuaj yeem tso cai rau cov neeg siv lub luag haujlwm thiab tswj hwm IT pawg ua tiav rau kev lag luam, ua kom txhua tus muaj kev nyab xeeb rau cov apps thiab cov kev pabcuam uas lawv xav tau.
2. Kev ceeb toom & saib xyuas
Nyob ntawm koj qhov kev ua haujlwm thiab cov txheej txheem thev naus laus zis, tus thawj tswj hwm lub luag haujlwm yog saib xyuas thiab ceeb toom thoob plaws koj cov apps thiab cov txheej txheem. Los ntawm kev saib xyuas cov neeg rau zaub mov tseem ceeb thiab kev ntsuas kev sib txuas xws li CPU, siv disc, DNS, latency, thiab ETL, sysadmins tuaj yeem ntes ib qho xwm txheej.
Tom qab ntawd lawv tuaj yeem teeb tsa kev ceeb toom raws li kev saib xyuas kom tau txais kev ceeb toom ntawm kev hu xov tooj thaum muaj teeb meem loj. SysAdmins yuav tsum muaj peev xwm txheeb xyuas kev noj qab haus huv ntawm lawv lub tshuab siv ob qho tib si sab nraud thiab sab hauv cov khoom tsim tawm thiab cov cim qhia, ua rau muaj qhov pom tseeb dua.
3. Txhim kho, hloov kho, thiab teeb tsa software
Nws yog SysAdmin lub luag haujlwm los tsim cov cai thiab cov txheej txheem rau kev teeb tsa software thiab hloov kho dua tshiab. SysAdmin yuav tsum muaj peev xwm paub txog thiab daws txhua yam teeb meem uas tshwm sim los ntawm kev hloov kho tshiab lossis kev cuam tshuam ntawm cov qauv tshiab ntawm cov tshuab.
4. Kev tswj hwm thiab kev koom tes ntawm cov ntaub ntawv
SysAdmin ib txwm yuav muab cov cai thiab cov txheej txheem nyob rau hauv qhov chaw nyob ib ncig ntawm cov ntaub ntawv raug teeb tsa thiab sib koom thoob plaws hauv lub tuam txhab kom lav cov ntaub ntawv sib xws thiab lub koom haum. Qhov no, zoo li feem ntau lwm yam haujlwm ntawm SysAdmin, suav nrog kev tiv thaiv kev nyab xeeb tiv thaiv kev hem thawj rau sab nraud nrog rau kev ua kom zoo, ceev nkag mus rau cov ntaub ntawv rau cov neeg ua haujlwm.
5. SSO thiab Password Administration
SysAdmin yog tus saib xyuas kev tswj tus password nrog rau SSO cov cai thiab cov txheej txheem thoob plaws hauv lub koom haum. Lawv tuaj yeem hloov tus password thiab txheeb xyuas tias txhua yam kev nyab xeeb txaus siab.
Yog tias SSO thiab / lossis ob qhov kev lees paub tseeb raug siv, tus thawj tswj hwm lub luag haujlwm yog saib xyuas cov thev naus laus zis thiab pab cov neeg ua haujlwm nkag mus rau cov tshuab uas lawv xav tau thaum lawv xav tau.
6. Txoj cai thiab cov txheej txheem rau kev siv lub system
Tus thawj tswj hwm yuav tsum tau tsim cov kev coj ua zoo tshaj plaws rau kev cuam tshuam nrog lub koom haum cov txheej txheem ntawm qib siab. Qhov no suav nrog txhua yam ntawm koj tus kheej cov software tsim nyog rau ntau yam thib peb IT apps thiab cov kev pabcuam.
SysAdmins tuaj yeem hloov pauv txoj hauv kev ua haujlwm hauv lub tuam txhab los ntawm kev cob qhia tib neeg siv cov tshuab hauv kev nyab xeeb thiab ua haujlwm tau zoo.
7. Security
Nws yuav tsum nyob rau sab saum toj ntawm tus thawj tswj hwm lub siab txhua lub sijhawm nws ua haujlwm ntawm qhov project. Txawm hais tias nws yog tus neeg siv txoj cai lossis txoj hauv kev pab pawg tswj hwm cov ntaub ntawv, SysAdmins yuav tsum ua tiav txhua txoj haujlwm kom muaj kev nyab xeeb. SysAdmin yuav nkag siab yuav ua li cas teeb tsa network, cov cai, thiab cov servers kom muaj kev nyab xeeb thiab nyab xeeb.
8. Kev hloov kho cov ntaub ntawv khiav thiab khaws cov ntaub ntawv hloov tshiab
SysAdmins feem ntau yog lub luag haujlwm rau kev hloov kho cov ntawv sau thiab tswj cov ntaub ntawv. Qhov no tej zaum yuav yog ib qho nyuaj rau kev ua haujlwm ntawm CI / CD pipeline. Cov thawj tswj hwm yuav tsum nkag siab tias yuav siv automation li cas kom khaws cov ntawv sau thiab cov ntaub ntawv mus txog hnub tim thiab kho yam tsis ua kom qeeb ntawm txoj kev loj hlob.
9. Tshawb nrhiav, teb, thiab kho qhov xwm txheej
Cov thawj tswj hwm tsis tuaj yeem tsuas yog sib xyaw thiab ua kom haum lawv IT thiab kev nyab xeeb ib puag ncig. Lawv yuav tsum tsim nws nyob rau hauv xws li ib txoj kev uas nws pom thiab ceev. Yuav ua li cas koj tuaj yeem tso lub kaw lus uas tso cai rau kev tshawb pom qhov xwm txheej ceev, tshuaj tiv thaiv, thiab kev kho mob thaum muaj teeb meem tshwm sim? Yuav tsum tau saib xyuas thiab ceeb toom li cas? Yuav kom tau txais ntau tshaj ntawm lawv xwm txheej tswj xyuas cov txheej txheem, SysAdmins yuav tsum paub txog tag nrho cov lus nug no.
10. Kev daws teeb meem thiab kev npaj
Tus kws tshaj lij kev tswj hwm yuav yog tus neeg daws teeb meem zoo uas tuaj yeem xav txog txoj hauv kev los npaj rau qhov kev npaj txhij txog. Cov pab pawg tau xa cov qauv tsim qauv nrawm dua hauv lub hnub nyoog ntawm CI / CD thiab DevOps, ua rau kev ua haujlwm ntawm SysAdmin nyuaj dua li qhov qub.
Yog li, raws li SysAdmin, nrhiav kev daws teeb meem los tshem tawm cov kev tsis sib haum xeeb hauv kev xa mus rau lub neej thaum tseem txo qis kev pheej hmoo hauv koj IT thiab kev ruaj ntseg infrastructure yuav ua rau koj txoj haujlwm yooj yim dua.
System Administration Technologies & Kev txawj ntse
Yuav kom ua tau zoo nyob rau niaj hnub no, cov thawj coj yuav tsum nkag siab txog kev ua haujlwm, automation, thiab huab xam. SysAdmins ua ntau tshaj li reboot servers thiab decommission obsolete khoom; lawv ua kom muaj kev vam khom thiab ua haujlwm ntawm txhua yam ntawm koj cov software thiab infrastructure.
Yog li ntawd, peb xav mus dhau qee qhov kev txawj ntse thiab thev naus laus zis tshiab uas cov thawj coj yuav tsum paub txog:
1. Huab
As AWS, Azure, Thiab GCP tau raug coj mus lawm, cov thawj tswj hwm thoob ntiaj teb yuav tsum kawm txog kev sib koom tes hauv huab. Dab tsi yog qhov zoo tshaj plaws saib xyuas thiab ceeb toom cov cuab yeej siv? Tam sim no hais tias koj cov infrastructure yog huab-based, koj yuav tsum tswj koj cov servers thiab network li cas?
SysAdmins cuam tshuam nrog cov lus nug zoo li no tsis tu ncua, suav nrog kev rov ua dua thiab kev nyab xeeb hauv lub cev tag nrho. Txawm li cas los xij, raws li kev xyaum txhua daim ntawv thov thiab kev pabcuam tsiv mus rau huab, nws tau dhau los ua ib qho kev txawj ntse tshaj plaws rau SysAdmins thoob plaws ntiaj teb.
2. Ib
Lub version tswj system Cia li mus yog qhov nrov tshaj plaws. Ib txoj hauv kev ntawm kev taug qab cov lej hloov pauv thiab ntau lub versions ntawm ib qho kev pab cuam lossis kev pabcuam yog hu ua version tswj. SysAdmins tuaj yeem thim rov qab xa tawm lossis hloov kho sai yog tias muaj teeb meem nrog cov kev pabcuam tam sim no.
Txhawm rau tsim kom muaj kev ntseeg siab CI / CD pipeline thiab muab kev pom kev thoob plaws hauv ob qho tib si engineering thiab IT, kev tswj hwm yog qhov tseem ceeb. Txhawm rau saib sai li sai tau cov neeg tsim khoom ua, pom qhov tsis zoo, thiab kho lawv ua ntej lawv cuam tshuam rau cov neeg siv khoom, SysAdmins yuav tsum nkag siab version tswj.
3. Automation thiab configuration tswj
Yuav kom ua tiav raws li SysAdmin, koj yuav tsum paub txog cov cuab yeej xws li Puppet, Kws ua zaub mov, Ansible, thiab Jenkins. Cov thev naus laus zis no tso cai rau cov thawj coj ua haujlwm kom ua haujlwm ntau yam haujlwm thiab teeb tsa thoob plaws lub neej kev tso tawm, ua rau muaj kev ua yuam kev tsawg dua thiab kev xa mus sai dua.
Yog li ntawd, tsis txhob hloov kho cov haujlwm hauv cov raj xa dej lossis hais txog kev txhawb nqa nce ntxiv, cov neeg tsim khoom tuaj yeem tsom mus rau kev tsim cov apps thiab cov kev pabcuam tshiab.
4. Txhim kho lub server thiab network
SysAdmins, raws li tau hais dhau los, yuav tsum paub txog kev nkag thiab tawm ntawm server thiab kev tswj hwm network. Cov khoos phis tawj thiab tes hauj lwm no yog lub hauv paus ntawm koj lub tuam txhab, txhawb nqa nws thiab xa tus nqi rau cov neeg siv khoom.
Raws li qhov tshwm sim, cov thawj tswj hwm yuav tsum tau txhim kho cov txheej txheem tas li txhawm rau tswj hwm cov txheej txheem kev ntseeg siab, txo qis qis, thiab txhim kho qhov xwm txheej thaum muaj xwm txheej tshwm sim.
5. SQL ib
Cov ntaub ntawv tseem ceeb tshaj plaws yog cov lus nug lus nug (SQL), uas yog lub peev xwm tseem ceeb tshaj plaws rau cov neeg ua haujlwm tswj hwm kom muaj.
Kev nkag siab SQL ua rau tus thawj tswj hwm tswj hwm lub tuam txhab cov ntaub ntawv tseem ceeb nrog rau kev muab lossis muab kev pab rau cov neeg ua haujlwm uas muaj teeb meem nkag mus rau cov ntaub ntawv.
6. Programming thiab scripting
Tus thawj tswj hwm yuav tsum muaj kev nkag siab zoo ntawm lub khoos phis tawj programming thiab cov lus uas tau siv hauv lub tuam txhab network. Thaum muaj teeb meem tshwm sim hauv lub network, tus thawj tswj hwm tuaj yeem siv cov ntawv sau thiab coding los ua qhov tseem ceeb debugging. Tus thawj tswj hwm tseem tuaj yeem siv lub peev xwm coding los tsim cov ntawv sau uas ua kom cov txheej txheem ua haujlwm thiab ua kom cov haujlwm niaj hnub ua haujlwm tau zoo dua.
7. Kev Sib Txuas Lus
Koj yuav tsum muaj peev xwm hais lus kom meej nrog tib neeg ua tus tswj hwm lub cev. Nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb rau kev sib txuas lus nrog ib tus tswv cuab ntawm koj pab neeg ua haujlwm lossis ib tus neeg ua haujlwm tsis yog kws kho mob hauv lwm lub tuam tsev uas tab tom ntsib teeb meem kev nkag mus rau hauv network hauv txoj hauv kev uas lawv tuaj yeem nkag siab.
Qhov no yog qhov tseem ceeb tshwj xeeb tshaj yog thaum piav qhia cov ntaub ntawv qhia txog kev ua haujlwm rau cov neeg ua haujlwm uas tsis muaj kev paub txog cov cuab yeej siv niaj hnub no. Nws tseem yog ib qho tseem ceeb uas yuav tsum muaj kev txawj hais lus thiab sau ntawv kom muaj kev taw qhia thiab qhia rau cov neeg ua hauj lwm.
8. Kev txiav txim siab
Rau ntau lub lag luam, lub network system tseem ceeb heev rau kev ua haujlwm niaj hnub, thiab kev sib txuas hauv network tuaj yeem muaj qhov tshwm sim loj. Thaum ntsib teeb meem uas hloov pauv kev ua haujlwm hauv lub network hauv ib puag ncig muaj kev kub ntxhov, tus thawj tswj hwm yuav tsum txheeb xyuas qhov xwm txheej, nrhiav kev daws teeb meem, thiab xaiv qhov uas muab cov txiaj ntsig zoo tshaj plaws rau kev lag luam.
9. Kev daws teeb meem
Nws yog mus hla txhua qhov ua tau ntawm qhov teeb meem thiaj li nrhiav tau qhov tsis xws luag. Thaum daws teeb meem, tus thawj tswj hwm lub tshuab khiav cov kev sim yooj yim los xyuas kom meej tias cov khoom sib txuas ua haujlwm tau zoo, thiab txhua qhov kev ua tsis tiav yog siv los txo qis qhov ua tau rau qhov teeb meem loj dua.
Kev daws teeb meem, kev nkag siab tob txog qhov system thiab cov teeb meem raug, thiab kev xav zoo los sim cov kev sim tshiab lossis kev daws teeb meem yog txhua yam muaj txiaj ntsig daws teeb meem.
Puas yog Daim Ntawv Pov Thawj Yuav Tsum Tau rau Cov Thawj Coj Ua Haujlwm?
Daim ntawv pov thawj tuaj yeem pab cov thawj coj hauv lub neej yav tom ntej kom lawv cov lag luam muaj txiaj ntsig. Cov ntawv pov thawj yog xaiv tau, daim ntawv pov thawj thib peb tau txais sab nraud ntawm daim ntawv pov thawj hauv tsev kawm qib siab kom pom tau tias muaj peev xwm. Tau txais ntawv pov thawj rau cov khoom uas lawv lub tuam txhab ua haujlwm yog qhov zoo rau cov thawj coj ua haujlwm.
Microsoft, Cisco, Oracle, Linux, thiab VMware, piv txwv li, muab ntawv pov thawj. CompTIA, lub koom haum muaj npe nrov tau tsim nyob rau xyoo 1982, tau lees paub ntau dua 2.2 lab tus kws tshaj lij IT nrog kev tsim nyog xws li Server + thiab Network +. Ib 2.5-teev proctored xeem nqi $400 los ua Red Hat Certified System Administrator (RHCSA).
Qee tus thawj tswj hwm qhov project xaiv los ua pov thawj los ntawm Lub Tsev Haujlwm Tswj Xyuas Haujlwm (PMI). Tom qab dhau qhov kev xeem 130-feeb, Amazon Web Services muab khoom plig rau Certified SysOps Administrator xaiv.
Ib tus Google Cloud Professional Network Engineer kuj tuaj yeem ua tus thawj tswj hwm.
xaus
Hauv kev lag luam IT, SysAdmin yog qhov tseem ceeb thiab xav tau txoj haujlwm. Yog tias koj tab tom sim ua txhaum rau hauv kev lag luam IT, txoj haujlwm SysAdmin yog qhov chaw zoo heev los pib nrog cov nyiaj hli zoo.
Raws li SysAdmin, koj yuav daws teeb meem tsis tu ncua thiab daws cov teeb meem sib txawv uas tshwm sim, yog li koj yuav pom koj tus kheej tau txais cov txuj ci tshiab thiab thev naus laus zis ntawm txoj haujlwm txhua hnub.
Koj yuav tsim kev txawj ntse thiab kev paub los ntawm kev ua haujlwm ze nrog lwm lub tuam tsev hauv DevOps ib puag ncig.
Sau ntawv cia Ncua