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Infrastructure yog ib feem tseem ceeb ntawm cov txheej txheem kev txhim kho software vim nws yog lub luag haujlwm ncaj qha rau daim ntawv thov software ua haujlwm zoo. Servers, load balancers, firewalls, databases, thiab complex thawv clusters yog tag nrho cov piv txwv ntawm infrastructure.
Vim hais tias muaj teeb meem infrastructure pervade tag nrho cov txheej txheem kev loj hlob, lawv muaj feem xyuam tshaj li cov xwm txheej ntau lawm.
Lawv suav nrog CI / CD platforms, qhov chaw nyob ib puag ncig, thiab cov cuab yeej ntsuas, thiab lwm yam.
Raws li qhov nyuaj ntawm cov khoom lag luam software nce, cov kev sib tw hauv cov txheej txheem no dhau los ua qhov tseem ceeb. Cov txheej txheem ib txwm siv ntawm kev tswj hwm cov txheej txheem sai sai dhau los ua qhov kev daws teeb meem tsis txaus ntseeg kom haum rau qhov kev xav tau ntawm niaj hnub DevOps-raws li kev txhim kho software nrawm.
Raws li qhov tshwm sim, Infrastructure li Code (IaC) tau dhau los ua qhov kev txhim kho de facto niaj hnub no. Infrastructure li code (IaC) ua rau koj ntsuas thiab taug qab cov kev hloov pauv hauv vaj tse thaum lawv tshwm sim.
Peb mam li saib ze dua ntawm Infrastructure li Code hauv daim ntawv no, suav nrog nws cov txiaj ntsig, vim li cas nws tseem ceeb, thiab ntau dua. Yog li, cia peb pib.
Yuav ua li cas yog lub Infrastructure li Code?
Infrastructure li Code yog tus txheej txheem ntawm kev muab thiab configure ib puag ncig siv code es tsis manually configuring cov khoom tsim nyog thiab systems. Cov neeg tsim tawm khiav cov ntawv sau tom qab txhais cov lej tsis sib xws, thiab IaC platform cia li tsim cov txheej txheem huab.
Xws li IT automated configurations tso cai rau cov pab pawg sai sai tsim cov huab tsim nyog rau kev sim thiab khiav lawv cov khoom. Infrastructure li Code tso cai rau cov neeg tsim khoom tsim txhua yam kev tsim kho vaj tse uas lawv xav tau, xws li tes hauj lwm, load balancers, databases, virtual machines, thiab hom kev sib txuas.
Nyob rau hauv layman cov ntsiab lus, nws yog tus txheej txheem ntawm muab thiab tswj infrastructure teev siv code es tsis yog los ntawm tes. IaC kuj tseem yog ib qho tseem ceeb ntawm DevOps cov txheej txheem uas yuav tsum tau muaj rau kev xa cov software ceev ceev.
Nws tso cai rau DevOps pab pawg los tsim kho sai thiab cov qauv tsim qauv zoo ib yam uas cov cai tau hloov kho, nrog rau taug qab cov qauv no kom txo qis qhov tsis sib xws ntawm IT ib puag ncig, uas tuaj yeem ua rau muaj teeb meem loj thaum xa mus.
Tshaj tawm vs. qhov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws rau IaC
IaC tuaj yeem ncav cuag ob txoj hauv kev: tshaj tawm lossis qhov tseem ceeb.
Ib qho cuab yeej IaC yuav teeb tsa lub kaw lus rau koj yog tias koj siv txoj hauv kev tshaj tawm, uas piav qhia txog lub xeev lub hom phiaj ntawm lub kaw lus, suav nrog cov peev txheej koj xav tau thiab txhua yam uas lawv yuav tsum muaj.
Ib txoj hauv kev tshaj tawm kuj tseem tswj xyuas cov xwm txheej tam sim no ntawm koj cov khoom siv, ua kom yooj yim los tswj lub sijhawm poob ntawm koj cov kev tsim kho vaj tse. Ib txoj hauv kev tseem ceeb, ntawm qhov tod tes, qhia txog cov lus qhia tshwj xeeb uas yuav tsum tau ua raws li kev txiav txim kom tsim nyog los tsim cov kev npaj tsim.
Ntau IaC thev naus laus zis siv txoj hauv kev tshaj tawm rau kev npaj cov txheej txheem thiab yuav ua nws tau. Cov cuab yeej tshaj tawm IaC yuav siv cov kev hloov kho rau lub xeev xav tau rau koj yog tias koj ua rau lawv. Koj yuav tsum paub seb yuav siv cov kev hloov pauv li cas yog tias koj siv cov cuab yeej tseem ceeb. Cov cuab yeej IaC feem ntau muaj peev xwm ua haujlwm hauv ob hom, txawm hais tias lawv nyiam ib qho dhau los.
Infrastructure li code ua haujlwm li cas?
Txhawm rau kom ua tiav kev tsim kho vaj tse raws li cov cai, qee qhov kev xav tau yuav tsum nyob hauv qhov chaw.
Lub platform rau huab hosting raws li kev pabcuam (IaaS)
Thawj thiab qhov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws xav tau yog chaw taws teeb nkag hosting. Cov cuab yeej tswj kev teeb tsa yuav tsum txuas mus rau cov chaw taws teeb tswj hwm thiab hloov pauv qhov ntawd. Koj pab neeg yuav tsum tau lav tias cov cuab yeej tswj kev teeb tsa muaj kev nkag tau yog tias qhov chaw nyob deb tau tswj hwm tus kheej.
APIs ntawm IaaS-enabled huab hosting platform pab cov neeg siv khoom tsim, tshem tawm, thiab hloov cov peev txheej hauv kev xav tau. Kev tswj hwm kev teeb tsa tuaj yeem siv cov APIs no los ua kom cov haujlwm no ua haujlwm ntxiv. Digital Ocean, Amazon AWS, thiab Microsoft Azure yog peb lub tshuab IaaS loj.
Lub platform rau configuration tswj
Cov cuab yeej suite uas txuas rau IaaS APIs thiab automates raug cov haujlwm yog qhov yuav tsum tau ua ua ntej ua kom tiav IaC. Ib pawg neeg tuaj yeem ua haujlwm ua ke los tsim cov ntawv sau thiab cov cuab yeej. Txawm li cas los xij, nws yuav xav tau ntau qhov kev siv zog, kev tu tsis tu ncua, thiab qhov tsawg kawg nkaus rov qab los ntawm kev nqis peev. Terraform, Ansible, Salt Stack, thiab kws ua zaub mov tsuas yog ob peb ntawm cov cuab yeej qhib kev tswj hwm kev tswj hwm uas daws qhov kev sib tw no.
Kev Tswj System
Lub platform tswj kev teeb tsa siv cov ntaub ntawv sau ua lus cim xws li YAML los muab cov dej num thiab cov kab ke rau lub platform kom ua tiav. Cov ntawv nyeem cov ntaub ntawv no tuaj yeem kho raws li daim ntawv thov code thiab khaws cia rau hauv qhov chaw tswj hwm version. Rub cov lus thov thiab kev tshuaj xyuas cov lej raug tso cai hauv qhov chaw cia khoom, uas ua raws li qhov tseeb ntawm ib qho. Lub version tswj system Git yog qhov nrov tshaj plaws.
Nrog rau qhov yuav tsum tau ua ua ntej, xav txog qhov xwm txheej hauv qab no: tus tsim tawm xav ntxiv cov kev pabcuam tshiab rau lub kaw lus. Qhov piv txwv no qhia txog tus txheej txheem IaC.
- Hauv lawv qhov kev nyiam kev tswj hwm platform, Terraform, tus tsim tawm hloov kho YAML teeb tsa cov ntawv nyeem. Cov kev hloov pauv hais tias yuav tsum muaj lub server tshiab.
- Hauv Git repository, tus tsim tawm cog lus hloov pauv mus rau ib ceg ntoo. Tus tsim tawm tsim qhov kev thov rub tawm txij li qhov project Git repository yog hosted ntawm Bitbucket. Lwm tus tswv cuab ntawm pab pawg saib los ntawm kev thov rub thiab ceeb toom txog kev txhim kho cov txheej txheem tshiab. Qhov kev thov rub tau pom zoo los ntawm ib tus tswv cuab hauv pab pawg, thiab tus tsim tawm koom ua ke qhov kev hloov pauv mus rau hauv lub chaw khaws ntaub ntawv tseem ceeb.
- Lub configuration platform yuav tsum tau nyob rau hauv cov kauj ruam no thiaj li ua tau ib qho kev hloov tshiab. Tus tsim tawm tuaj yeem pib qhov hloov tshiab manually. Vim tias pab pawg siv Bitbucket, lawv tau nkag mus rau Bitbucket Pipelines thiab tuaj yeem siv ib qho los ua kom cov txheej txheem no.
- Terraform txuas mus rau pab pawg IaaS tom qab ua tiav. Terraform siv IaaS API los khiav ib ntu ntawm cov lus txib uas hloov kho IaaS rau qhov kev cia siab ntawm kev teeb tsa.
Cov txiaj ntsig ntawm IaC
IaC pab cov koom haum tswj hwm lawv cov kev xav tau IT infrastructure hauv ntau txoj hauv kev los ntawm cov txheej txheem automated. Qee qhov txiaj ntsig ntawm kev txhim kho IaC yog raws li hauv qab no:
- Consistency: IaC tuaj yeem ua kom muaj kev sib xws thiab txo qhov yuam kev uas nquag tshwm sim thaum lub sij hawm kev teeb tsa. Nws tseem tiv thaiv kev teeb tsa drift uas yuav tshwm sim thaum lub sijhawm ua haujlwm. IaC cia koj tiv thaiv tsis muaj ntaub ntawv, ad-hoc configuration modifications los ntawm codifying thiab sau koj cov qauv configuration.
- Efficiency: Codifying koj cov infrastructure tsim ib tug muab template, ua system configuration, txij nkawm, thiab tswj tau yooj yim dua. Nws tsim ib qho yooj yim, rov ua dua, thiab scalable infrastructure. Raws li qhov tshwm sim, DevOps tuaj yeem ua kom nrawm rau txhua theem ntawm kev txhim kho software, uas ua rau ntau cov apps raug tshaj tawm txhua hnub.
- Txo tus nqi: IaC tso cai rau cov tshuab virtual los tswj kev ua haujlwm, tshem tawm qhov xav tau ntawm phau ntawv kho vajtse teeb tsa thiab hloov kho dua tshiab. Siv tib daim code, ib tus neeg teb xov tooj tuaj yeem nruab thiab tswj ib lub tshuab lossis 1000 units. Yog li ntawd, cov neeg ua haujlwm tsawg dua yuav tsum tau ua thiab cov iav tshiab tsis tas yuav tsum tau ua lawm, ua rau muaj kev txuag nyiaj ntau.
- Ceev: IaC txo lub sijhawm nws siv rau cov neeg tsim khoom los muab lawv cov kev tsim kho los ntawm kev hloov nws mus rau hauv tsab ntawv yooj yim. Raws li qhov tshwm sim, kev xa tawm daim ntawv thov tsis raug ncua los ntawm kev tsim kho vaj tse, thiab cov software tshiab tuaj yeem xa tau sai dua.
- Txo Kev pheej hmoo: Raws li IaC txhawb nqa version tswj, koj cov ntaub ntawv teeb tsa, zoo li lwm yam software qhov chaws cov ntaub ntawv, tuaj yeem taug qab. Raws li qhov tshwm sim, qhov kev pheej hmoo raug txo.
IaC daws teeb meem dab tsi?
Infrastructure raws li Code tau tsim los daws qhov teeb meem ntawm kev tso cov raj xa dej ib puag ncig drift. Yog tsis muaj IaC, pab pawg muaj lub luag haujlwm rau kev tswj hwm qhov chaw ntawm txhua qhov chaw xa tawm. Txhua qhov chaw hloov zuj zus mus rau hauv cov pob zeb snowflake, ib qho kev sib koom ua ke uas tsis tuaj yeem rov ua dua tshiab.
Thaum lub sij hawm xa mus, kev tsis sib haum xeeb ntawm ib puag ncig ua rau muaj teeb meem. Snowflakes xav tau phau ntawv ua haujlwm uas nyuaj rau kev tswj hwm thiab ua rau muaj kev ua yuam kev hauv kev tswj hwm thiab kev saib xyuas.
Infrastructure li Code adheres rau lub tswv yim ntawm idempotence.
Idempotence hais txog qhov tseeb hais tias ib qho kev xa tawm ib txwm teeb tsa lub hom phiaj ib puag ncig tib txoj kev, tsis hais txog ntawm ib puag ncig lub xeev pib. Idempotency yog ua tiav los ntawm kev txiav txim siab lub hom phiaj uas twb muaj lawm lossis tshem tawm lub hom phiaj uas twb muaj lawm thiab pib dua.
Raws li qhov tshwm sim, siv IaC, pab pawg hloov kho cov lus piav qhia ib puag ncig thiab cov qauv ntawm cov qauv teeb tsa, uas feem ntau tau sau ua cov ntaub ntawv zoo li JSON. Tus qauv yog khiav hauv cov yeeb nkab tso tawm los teeb tsa lub hom phiaj ib puag ncig. Pab neeg kho qhov chaw, tsis yog lub hom phiaj, yog tias lawv xav tau hloov pauv.
Yuav ua li cas IaC teeb meem hauv DevOps?
Kev siv DevOps thiab kev sib koom ua ke tsis tu ncua / kev xa mus tas li (CI / CD) cov txheej txheem tsim nyog siv IaC. Nws tso cai rau cov neeg tsim tawm ntawm feem ntau ntawm kev tswj hwm lub luag haujlwm, tso cai rau lawv tsuas yog khiav ib tsab ntawv kom tau txais lawv cov kev tsim kho thiab ua haujlwm.
Raws li qhov tshwm sim, kev xa daim ntawv thov tsis raug kaw thaum lub tsev tsim kho, thiab sysadmins tsis muaj lub nra hnyav rau lub sijhawm siv phau ntawv ua haujlwm. Los ntawm kev sib koom ua ke thiab kev sim los ntawm kev xa khoom thiab kev xa tawm, CI / CD tso siab rau qhov kev ua haujlwm tsis tu ncua thiab kev saib xyuas tas li thoob plaws hauv daim ntawv thov lub neej. Ib puag ncig ib puag ncig yog xav tau rau automation ua haujlwm.
Thaum pab pawg txhim kho xa cov apps lossis teeb tsa ib puag ncig ib txoj hauv kev thiab pab pawg ua haujlwm teeb tsa thiab teeb tsa ib puag ncig ntawm lwm txoj kev, automating daim ntawv thov xa tawm tsis tuaj yeem ua tau.
Ib txoj hauv kev DevOps ua kom cov pab pawg txhim kho thiab ua haujlwm, ua rau muaj kev ua yuam kev tsawg dua, kev siv phau ntawv, thiab tsis sib xws. Vim hais tias ob qho tib si kev txhim kho thiab kev ua haujlwm pab pawg tuaj yeem siv tib yam kev piav qhia ntawm daim ntawv thov xa tawm, IaC pab koj synchronize kev txhim kho thiab kev ua haujlwm, ua kom muaj DevOps mus kom ze.
Txhua qhov chaw, suav nrog koj qhov chaw tsim khoom, yuav tsum ua raws li tib txoj kev xa tawm. Txhua zaus IaC siv, ib puag ncig zoo ib yam raug tsim.
xaus
DevOps vam khom ntau ntawm cov txheej txheem raws li cov cai. Infrastructure raws li Code yog lub ntuj ceeb tsheej kauj ruam tom ntej nyob rau hauv ua kom koj cov hauj lwm yav tom ntej-npaj nyob rau hauv lub ntiaj teb no uas cuam tshuam technologies yog pheej hloov mus rau IT sector.
Nws ua rau koj paub txog tag nrho cov peev xwm ntawm huab xam, txo cov kev ua yuam kev cuam tshuam nrog kev tswj hwm IT infrastructure, thiab txhim kho qhov nrawm nrog cov software tsim. Tag nrho cov no tau ua tiav thaum txo cov nuj nqis khiav haujlwm.
Sau ntawv cia Ncua