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Hauv Internet, koj thiab kuv tau kawm ua neej nyob nrog tus kheej. Peb muaj cov account, nkag mus, thiab passwords, thiab peb tau kawm nyob nrog thiab tswj lawv. Muaj ntau txoj hauv kev los txhim kho cov txheej txheem, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog hauv cov tuam txhab siv cov txheej txheem thiab SSO mus kom ze.
Peb yuav tsum pom zoo rau kev siv peb tus kheej cov ntaub ntawv txhua zaus peb siv lub vev xaib lossis daim ntawv thov. Tab sis tsis muaj kev xaiv: yog tias koj tsis nyem lub pob ntawd, koj yuav tsis tuaj yeem siv daim ntawv thov. Qhov xwm zoo yog tias tej yam no txhim kho.
Decentralization yog tam sim no hloov chaw hauv nruab nrab cov ntaub ntawv khaws cia thiab sau. Decentralized identities (DIDs) yuav tso cai rau cov neeg siv khoom xaiv seb puas yuav nthuav tawm lawv cov ntaub ntawv, uas tseem ceeb dua.
Hauv cov ntawv tshaj tawm no, peb yuav saib dua Decentralized Identifiers, lawv ua haujlwm li cas, lawv daim ntawv thov, thiab ntau ntxiv.
Yog li, Decentralized Identifier yog dab tsi?
Decentralized IDs yog lub hnub nyoog tshiab kev ntseeg siab ntawm cryptographically verifiable globally unique identifiers (UUIDs) uas tsis tas yuav muaj lub hauv paus rau kev sau npe. Lawv muaj peev xwm txheeb xyuas cov tib neeg, cov koom haum paub daws teeb meem, cov tuam txhab, cov qauv ntaub ntawv, thiab Internet ntawm Yam (IoT) cov khoom.
DID lub hom phiaj yog rov qab ua tswv cuab ntawm kev txheeb xyuas rau cov neeg siv internet thiab tso cai rau lawv tsim cov ID tshwj xeeb uas siv cov kev ntseeg siab.
Cov tib neeg thiab cov lag luam tuaj yeem tau txais txiaj ntsig los ntawm seamless, nyab xeeb, thiab cov ntaub ntawv ntiag tug sib koom siv blockchain cov ntaub ntawv faib khoom siv thev naus laus zis los ntawm kev ua kom pom tseeb ntawm cov IDs siv cov pov thawj cryptographic xws li kos npe digital (DLT).
Peb yuav tsum muab cov ntaub ntawv tseem ceeb rau kev nkag mus rau cov ntawv thov, cov vev xaib, cov kev pabcuam, thiab cov khoom siv hauv lub ntiaj teb niaj hnub no.
Tam sim no thev naus laus zis ntawm cov cim tshwj xeeb thoob ntiaj teb (UUID) thiab cov npe khoom siv tsis sib xws (URN) yuav tsum muaj lub luag haujlwm rau kev sau npe hauv nruab nrab thiab tsis muaj peev xwm txheeb xyuas tus lej cim tus tswv.
Raws li qhov tshwm sim, peb feem ntau raug cuam tshuam rau kev cuam tshuam ntawm kev ceev ntiag tug, cov ntaub ntawv tub sab, thiab lwm yam teeb meem cuam tshuam.
Txawm li cas los xij, siv DID lub moj khaum, cov neeg siv tuaj yeem ruaj ntseg thiab ntiag tug khaws ntau yam kev lees paub, xws li tsoomfwv cov ntawv pov thawj, daim ntawv pov thawj kev kawm thiab se, thiab lwm yam ntaub ntawv txheeb xyuas tus kheej (PII).
Ib lub blockchain-raws li cov ntaub ntawv faib tawm ua lub hauv paus ntawm txhua tus cim khaws tseg hauv lub hnab nyiaj, tsis yog nyob ntawm lub hauv paus tswj hwm los tswj tus neeg siv cov cim. Cov ntaub ntawv qhia txog tus kheej yog khaws cia rau hauv lub hnab nyiaj tswj hwm tus neeg siv tsis yog ntawm daim ntawv teev npe.
Nws cia cov neeg siv sib qhia ntau yam ntawm lawv tus kheej nrog cov kev pabcuam sib txawv raws li lawv pom tau tias tsim nyog. Tsis zoo li lub hauv paus kev tsim qauv, cov neeg siv tsuas tuaj yeem muab cov ntaub ntawv tsim nyog rau txhua lub koom haum (lub vev xaib, app, thiab lwm yam).
Cov koom haum no tuaj yeem lees paub cov ntaub ntawv pov thawj uas siv daim ntawv teev npe blockchain.
Decentralized Identifier Framework
Lub ntsiab TSI version, uas yog thawj zaug tso tawm los ntawm W3C, piav qhia tias Decentralized Identifier tsuas yog kab ntawv xwb. Nws muab faib ua peb ntu:
- On-chain cia ntawm DID URI scheme ID.
- Kev txheeb xyuas rau txoj kev DID.
- Txoj kev qhia tshwj xeeb rau DID.
DIDs yog ib feem ntawm cov ntaub ntawv tseem ceeb thoob ntiaj teb, thiab DID Cov Ntaub Ntawv tau tuav ntawm Ethereum thiab lwm cov blockchains tsim nyog (xws li cov yuam sij pej xeem, cov kev pabcuam kawg, thiab cov txheej txheem kev lees paub).
Txhawm rau muab cov qauv cov ntaub ntawv meej rau bootstrap cryptographically txheeb xyuas kev sib cuam tshuam nrog cov neeg txheeb ze nyob rau hauv qhov chaw nruab nrab, DIDs ua haujlwm ua tus yuam sij thiab DID Cov Ntaub Ntawv raws li qhov muaj nuj nqis.
Qhov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws, DID Document muaj qhov kev lees paub pej xeem tus yuam sij. Siv tus yuam sij ntiag tug txuas rau DID Cov Ntaub Ntawv, nws tus tswv yuav ua pov thawj ua tswv cuab.
Dab tsi ua rau decentralized identifiers ua tau?
Pej Xeem Cov Cuab Yeej Tseem Ceeb
PKI yog ib txoj hauv kev ruaj ntseg cov ntaub ntawv uas tsim ib qho tseem ceeb rau pej xeem thiab tus yuam sij ntiag tug rau ib qho chaw. Hauv blockchain networks, public-key cryptography yog siv los txheeb xyuas tus neeg siv tus kheej thiab paub meej tias cov tswv cuab ntawm cov cuab tam digital.
Cov yuam sij pej xeem thiab ntiag tug yog siv rau qee qhov ncaj ncees qhia txog tus kheej, xws li Ethereum account. Tus yuam sij pej xeem txheeb xyuas tus tswj hwm ntawm tus as khauj, thaum tus yuam sij ntiag tug tuaj yeem kos npe thiab txiav txim siab kev sib txuas lus rau tus lej no.
PKI muab cov ntaub ntawv pov thawj uas yuav tsum tau ua pov thawj rau cov koom haum thiab tiv thaiv kev dag ntxias thiab kev siv cov cim cuav los ntawm kev siv cryptographic kos npe los ua pov thawj txhua qhov kev thov.
Decentralized cov ntaub ntawv khaws cia
Ib lub blockchain yog cov ntaub ntawv pov thawj cov ntaub ntawv sau npe: qhib, tsis muaj kev ntseeg siab, thiab khaws cov ntaub ntawv tsis raug cai. Qhov muaj ntawm pej xeem blockchains txo qhov yuav tsum tau khaws IDs hauv kev sau npe hauv nruab nrab.
Txhua tus neeg uas xav tshawb xyuas qhov raug cai ntawm tus neeg txheeb ze tuaj yeem nrhiav tus yuam sij nrog pej xeem ntawm blockchain. Qhov no yog qhov txawv ntawm cov qauv ID, uas xav tau kev lees paub thib peb.
Ua haujlwm ntawm Decentralized Identifiers
Ib tug decentralized identifier yog ib txoj hlua uas suav nrog URI scheme, DID method, thiab DID method-specific identifier.
Ib qho qauv DID yog raws li hauv qab no: ua: txoj kev: 1234567890abcdefjhi Txhua DID tau hloov mus rau hauv daim ntawv DID uas muaj cov ntsiab lus cryptographic nrog rau cov metadata ntxiv rau kev tswj hwm DID.
Yuav kom nkag siab tias DIDs ua haujlwm li cas, peb yuav tsum xub paub txog peb lub ntsiab lus txhais: DID subject, DID txheej txheem, thiab DID cov ntaub ntawv. Peb tau tham txog lawv yav dhau los, thiab tam sim no nws yog lub sijhawm los kawm ntxiv txog lawv.
Cov khoom qab ntawm tus kheej digital yog lub ntsiab lus DID. Qhov no tej zaum yuav yog tus neeg tiag tiag, khoom, khoom siv, qhov chaw, lossis kev lag luam.
Ib daim ntawv DID yog ib qho kev sau cov ntaub ntawv uas suav nrog cov ntaub ntawv ntawm DID cov ntsiab lus nrog rau cov txheej txheem uas tso cai rau tus txheeb ze ua haujlwm, xws li cov yuam sij rau pej xeem thiab cov npe biometrics.
Hauv kev muaj tiag, qhov no yog qhov kev kawm yuav siv los txheeb xyuas lawv tus kheej thiab ua kom pom kev ua tswv cuab ntawm lawv tus kheej. Thaum kawg, txoj kev DID yog lub tshuab uas tso cai rau DIDs thiab DID cov ntaub ntawv ua haujlwm tag nrho.
Nws tso cai rau koj los tsim, nyeem, hloov kho, thiab deactivate tus kheej thiab cov ntaub ntawv ntawm blockchain lossis lwm yam DLT.
Qhov no yog li cas decentralized IDs tshwm nyob rau hauv, nrog rau yuav ua li cas developers tsim thiab tswj lawv. Tus neeg siv kawg yuav tsis txawm paub txog tag nrho cov txheej txheem.
Yog tias qhov kev zov me nyuam tso cai rau cov neeg siv los tsim DID, lawv yuav kos npe rau lub hnab nyiaj digital, tsim kom muaj tus kheej digital, thiab khaws cia rau hauv hnab nyiaj. Lawv yuav tsim ib tus lej QR txhua zaus lawv yuav tsum siv daim ntawv txheeb xyuas kom siv tau thiab nkag mus rau cov kev pabcuam.
Cov txiaj ntsig ntawm Decentralized Identifiers
Txhim kho cov ntaub ntawv tswj thiab kev ceev ntiag tug
Cia peb muab piv txwv rau koj. Koj tau tsim daim ntawv hla tebchaws digital thiab khaws cia rau hauv koj lub hnab nyiaj digital. Hmo no koj tau xaiv mus clubbing, tab sis nqa daim ntawv hla tebchaws tiag tiag yog qhov txaus ntshai: koj yuav muaj kev lom zem ntau dhau thiab poob nws.
Yog li koj tau sawv ntawm lub club lub qhov rooj, thiab tus txiv neej kev ruaj ntseg nug koj lub hnub nyoog thiab nug koj daim ntawv hla tebchaws kom lees paub nws.
Ntawm ib sab, koj tsis tau nqa koj daim ntawv hla tebchaws tiag, tab sis koj kuj tsis xav qhia rau lawv koj lub npe tag, hnub yug, lossis tus lej ID.
Tsuas yog tsim QR code los ntawm koj lub hnab nyiaj thiab muab rau cov tub ceev xwm saib xyuas kev nyab xeeb. Tus neeg ntawd thiab koj yuav tsim kom muaj kev ruaj ntseg txuas los ntawm kev sib pauv tus lej ID, thiab cov ntaub ntawv yuav raug lees paub yam tsis tau tshaj tawm koj cov ntaub ntawv ntiag tug.
Nyob rau hauv txoj kev no, koj muaj tag nrho tswj koj cov ntaub ntawv thiab muaj kev xaiv ntawm kev sib qhia los yog tsis.
Kev dag los tiv thaiv
DIDs pab cov tuam txhab muab ntawv pov thawj los muab cov ntaub ntawv pov thawj tiv thaiv kev dag ntxias. Cov koom haum uas tau txais daim ID tuaj yeem tshawb xyuas qhov tseeb ntawm cov ntaub ntawv pov thawj thiab xyuas kom meej tias cov ntaub ntawv tsis raug tsim tawm.
Enhanced kev ruaj ntseg
Cryptography yog siv los tsim, sau npe, thiab tiv thaiv digital decentralized IDs. Cryptography tso cai rau koj los tsim ob hom yuam sij: pej xeem thiab ntiag tug. Cov yuam sij ntiag tug tsuas yog paub rau tus tswv tus tseem ceeb thiab tsis tau muab qhia rau pej xeem.
Cov yuam sij pej xeem, ntawm qhov tod tes, yog dav dav. Qhov kev ua khub no tuaj yeem ua tiav ob txoj haujlwm tseem ceeb: kev lees paub thiab kev nkag mus.
Tus yuam sij pej xeem tuaj yeem lees paub tias cov lus tau xa los ntawm tus neeg txais, tab sis tsuas yog tus neeg uas muaj tus yuam sij ntiag tug tuaj yeem txiav txim siab nws.
Tsis muaj metadata sib sau ua ke
Ib tug decentralized identifier tsis sau metadata thiab tsis, vim li ntawd, xa mus rau peb tog. Yog li ntawd, cov neeg siv ntawm cov chaw uas tso cai rau lawv tsim DIDs yuav tsis nco qab qhov nws zoo li yuav raug tsom nrog kev tshaj tawm.
Decentralized Identifiers Siv cov ntaub ntawv
Universal logins
Decentralized kev txheeb xyuas tuaj yeem pab kom muaj kev lees paub tseeb los hloov tus password-raws li kev nkag mus. Qhov no tso cai rau cov neeg siv nkag mus rau cov platforms thiab cov vev xaib yam tsis tas yuav nco qab cov password ntev, uas txhim kho lawv cov kev paub hauv online.
KYC Authentication
Ntau qhov kev pabcuam online xav tau cov neeg los muab cov ntawv pov thawj thiab cov ntaub ntawv pov thawj, xws li daim ntawv tsav tsheb lossis daim ntawv hla tebchaws, txhawm rau siv lawv.
Txawm li cas los xij, cov txheej txheem no muaj teeb meem vim tias cov ntaub ntawv ntiag tug neeg siv yuav raug nyiag thiab cov neeg muab kev pabcuam tsis tuaj yeem tshawb xyuas qhov kev lees paub qhov tseeb.
Cov tuam txhab tuaj yeem zam cov txheej txheem Paub-Koj-Cov Neeg Siv Khoom (KYC) ib txwm siv los ntawm kev siv Daim Ntawv Pov Thawj Pov Thawj kom siv tau cov neeg siv cov cim. Qhov no txo qis tus nqi ntawm kev tswj tus kheej thaum tseem tiv thaiv kev siv cov ntaub ntawv cuav.
Kev pov npav thiab kev sib tham hauv online
Ob qhov kev siv nthuav dav rau kev txheeb xyuas tus kheej yog kev pov npav online thiab kev sib tham hauv zej zog. Cov kev xaiv tsa hauv online yog qhov yooj yim rau kev tswj hwm, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog thaum cov neeg ua phem ua phem tsim cov neeg tsis raug cai kom pov npav.
Kev thov cov ntawv pov thawj ntawm cov saw hlau los ntawm cov tib neeg tuaj yeem txhim kho kev ncaj ncees ntawm kev xaiv tsa hauv online. Kev txheeb xyuas tus kheej tuaj yeem pab tsim cov zej zog hauv online tsis pub nyiaj dag.
Yav tom ntej ntawm Decentralized Identifiers
Txawm hais tias qhov tseeb tias cov neeg txheeb cais tseem nyob hauv lawv cov me nyuam mos, nrog rau cov koom haum thiab tsoomfwv tsuas yog sim thiab sim cov thev naus laus zis, DIDs muaj peev xwm los ua cov cuab yeej siv tau zoo thiab muaj txiaj ntsig, vim tias muaj kev txaus siab rau nws txoj kev loj hlob los ntawm kev lag luam thiab cov neeg tuaj saib.
Peb kuj tseem nyob rau lub verge ntawm lub hnub nyoog decentralized tshiab hu ua Web3. Qhov no tuaj yeem ua rau muaj kev xav tsis thoob, tab sis twb muaj Web5 cov lus pom zoo nyob rau hauv uas cov neeg txheeb cais yuav yog cov khoom tseem ceeb thiab ib feem tseem ceeb ntawm peb lub neej yav tom ntej.
Lub neej yav tom ntej tsis nyob deb, thiab yog tias cov lag luam thiab cov koom haum xav kom muaj kev sib tw thiab loj hlob, lawv yuav tsum kawm txog blockchain, DLT, thiab cov kev faib tawm tam sim no txhawm rau npaj rau kev txhim kho tshiab.
xaus
Decentralized identifiers muaj lub peev xwm los hloov peb txoj kev xav ntawm tus kheej cov ntaub ntawv thiab cov neeg siv cov ntaub ntawv nyob rau hauv nees nkaum-thawj xyoo pua.
Tsis txhob cia siab rau Big Tech corporations los tiv thaiv cov ntaub ntawv tseem ceeb, tib neeg tuaj yeem tswj hwm lawv tus kheej siv DIDs. Cov lag luam tuaj yeem tau txais txiaj ntsig los ntawm kev txheeb xyuas tus kheej thiab. Lawv tuaj yeem txo qhov kev xav tau ntawm lub sijhawm siv kev txheeb xyuas tus kheej thiab muab cov neeg siv khoom zoo thiab muaj kev nyab xeeb hauv online.
Cov koom haum kuj tuaj yeem txhim kho kev ntseeg siab thiab txhim kho kev sib raug zoo ntawm cov neeg siv khoom los ntawm kev cog lus los khaws cov ntaub ntawv siv.
Sau ntawv cia Ncua