Teburin Abubuwan Ciki[Boye][Nuna]
Abu na zahiri wanda ke jagorantar igiyoyin lantarki na lantarki a cikin bakan na gani ana kiransa jagorar igiyar gani.
Madaidaicin dielectric waveguides wanda ya ƙunshi filastik da gilashi, da fiber na gani, nau'ikan nau'ikan jagororin gani ne.
Kewayon sararin samaniya wanda haske zai iya yaduwa a cikinsa yana da ƙuntatawa ta hanyar jagorar igiyar gani, wanda shine na'urar da ba ta dace ba don jagorantar haske.
Yawanci, jagorar igiyar ruwa tana da sashe inda ma'anar refractive ta fi matsakaicin kewaye (wanda ake kira cladding).
A cikin wannan labarin, za mu bincika ƙa'idodin ƙa'idodin waveguide, wasu misalai, da ƙari mai yawa.
Gabatarwa zuwa jagorar igiyar gani
Tubalan gine-gine na na'urorin photonic sune jagorar raƙuman ruwa, waɗanda ke kai tsaye, ma'aurata, canzawa, rarrabawa, multiplex, da siginar gani na demultiplex.
Amfani da fasahar planar, wanda yayi kama da microelectronics, m waveguides, electrooptic components, transmitters, receivers, da na'urorin lantarki duk ana iya haɗa su zuwa guntu ɗaya.
Ayyukan na'urorin jagorar ya dogara da abubuwa daban-daban, ciki har da lissafi, tsayin raƙuman ruwa, rarraba filin farko, bayanan kayan aiki, da yanayin tuki, duk da cewa an yi nazari sosai kuma an fahimci aikin su.
Kafin yin na'ura, ana buƙatar kunna wasu sigogi. Saboda ana buƙatar albarkatu da yawa don ƙirƙirar guntu, ainihin ƙirar ƙira yana da mahimmanci ga manyan da'irori na optoelectronic.
Hanyoyin waveguide, yanayin haɗawa, asara, da riba, da kuma watsa siginar haske, duk an kwaikwayi su cikin ƙirar ƙirar igiyar igiyar gani.
An siffanta na'urar jagoran raƙuman ruwa a cikin sashe ɗaya na bayanan shigarwa ta geometry, abubuwan ƙirƙira, da madaidaitan kayan.
Bayanan jagorar ya kamata ya zama shigarwa ta amfani da shimfidar aiki tare da software wanda kuma zai iya sarrafa sigogin masana'anta.
Don saita lissafin lambobi, shigar da bayanai kuma ya haɗa da wani sashi. A cikin cikakkiyar duniya, tsarin shigar da bayanai zai ɓoye ko taƙaita ƙayyadaddun lissafin ƙididdiga.
Amma tun da tsarin ƙirar waveguide akai-akai yana yin amfani da hadaddun hanyoyin lambobi, kuna buƙatar sanin wasu abubuwa na ƙididdigar ƙididdiga.
Ana gina da'irar photonic ta amfani da jagororin raƙuman ruwa. Daidaitaccen hanyar da ke gefen cibiyar waveguide shine ma'anar faɗin jagorar igiyar ruwa, ko kafaffe ko canzawa.
Babban Babban Jagoran Waveguide na gani
Kamar yadda aka nuna a hoton, ana iya amfani da ra'ayoyi na geometrical ko ray optics don isar da mahimman ra'ayoyin da ke ƙunshe da jagororin gani na gani.
Refraction shine tsarin da hasken da ke shiga abu yana da babban fihirisar refractive yana karkata zuwa ga al'ada.
Yi la'akari da yanayin haske mai shiga gilashi daga iska. Kama da yadda hasken ke motsawa ɗaya hanya, daga gilashi zuwa iska, yana bin hanya ɗaya kuma ya kauce daga yadda aka saba. Sakamakon juyar da lokaci-lokaci, wannan yana haifar da. Yana yiwuwa a yi taswirar kowane haske a cikin iska zuwa haske a cikin gilashin.
Dangantaka daya-da-daya akwai. Amma wasu daga cikin haskoki a cikin gilashin an rasa su saboda refraction. Jimlar tunani na ciki, wanda ke kama sauran haske a cikin gilashin, shine tsarin aiki.
A wani kusurwa a kan mahimmin kusurwa, suna faruwa akan hulɗar gilashin-iska. A cikin ƙwararrun ƙira da aka gina akan aikin Green, waɗannan ƙarin haskoki suna da alaƙa da girma da yawa na jihohi.
A cikin jagorar igiyar ruwa ta dielectric, za mu iya kamawa da jagorantar hasken ta amfani da jimillar tunani na ciki. Hasken haske na ja yana nuna saman matsakaicin matsakaicin sama da ƙasa.
Matukar katako yana lanƙwasa a hankali, ana iya jagorantar shi ko da lokacin da yake lanƙwasa. Ana jagorantar haske tare da babban babban gilashin ginshiƙi a cikin ƙaramin gilashin gilashin index bisa ga wannan ƙa'ida ta asali a cikin fiber optics.
Ayyukan Waveguide ana kwatanta su ta hanyar ray optics kawai. Don cikakken bayanin filin jagora na dielectric waveguide, ana iya magance ma'auni na Maxwell ta nazari ko ƙididdigewa.
Misalin jagorar wave na gani
Dielectric slab waveguides, kuma aka sani da planar waveguides, watakila mafi asali nau'i na gani waveguides.
Shirye-shiryen waveguide gratings, acousto-optic filters, da modulators su ne ƴan na'urori akan guntu waɗanda za su iya amfani da jagororin igiyar igiyar ruwa saboda sauƙin su.
Hakanan ana yawan amfani da jagororin igiyar igiyar ruwa azaman ƙirar wasan yara.
Yadudduka na abubuwa uku, kowannensu yana da tsayayyen dielectric, an haɗa su don samar da jagorar igiyar igiyar ruwa, wanda zai iya tsawaita har abada a cikin kwatance daidai da mu'amalar da ke tsakanin su.
Idan tsakiyar Layer yana da fihirisar refractive mafi girma fiye da na waje, haske yana ƙunshe a cikin tsakiyar Layer ta hanyar jimillar tunani na ciki.
Wasu misalan jagorar wave mai Girma 2
Tattara waveguide
Ainihin, tsiri na Layer ɗin da aka matse a tsakanin yadudduka masu rufewa shine abin da ya zama jagorar tsiri.
Matsakaicin jagorar waveguide slab yana da ƙuntatawa a cikin duka madaidaitan kwatance maimakon ɗaya kawai, yana haifar da mafi sauƙi misali na jagorar raƙuman raƙuman raƙuman ruwa. Dukansu haɗaɗɗun da'irori na gani da kuma diodes na Laser suna amfani da jagororin raƙuman ruwa na rectangular.
Suna akai-akai aiki azaman tushe don sassa na gani kamar Mach-Zehnder interferometers da mahara rabe-rabe masu tsayi. Sau da yawa, ana amfani da jagororin gani na gani rectangular don gina kogon diodes na Laser.
Ana amfani da dabarar tsari galibi don ƙirƙirar jagororin igiyoyin gani tare da siffar rectangular.
Rib waveguide
A cikin waveguide na haƙarƙari, shimfiɗar jagora shine da gaske slab tare da tsiri (ko ɗimbin tsiri) wanda aka lulluɓe a samansa.
A cikin tsarin haƙarƙari da yawa, kulle-kusa-haɗin kai yana yiwuwa tare da ƙulla igiyar ruwa cikin girma biyu a cikin jagororin haƙarƙari.
Photonic crystal waveguide da rarrabuwar kawuna
Tare da hanyar yaɗa su, masu amfani da igiyoyin gani na gani kullum suna ci gaba da jujjuya yanki. Wannan shi ne halin da ake ciki, alal misali, tare da raƙuman ruwa da haƙarƙari.
Ta amfani da abin da ake kira yanayin Bloch, waveguides kuma na iya samun bambance-bambancen lokaci-lokaci a sashin giciye kuma duk da haka suna watsa haske ba tare da wata asara ba.
Ana rarraba waɗannan jagororin raƙuman ruwa azaman jagorar raƙuman ruwa na kristal (tare da ƙirar 2D ko 3D) ko jagororin raƙuman raƙuman ruwa (tare da ƙirar 1D tare da jagorar yadawa).
Jagorar igiyar ruwan leza
Masana'antar photonics ita ce inda jagororin raƙuman ruwa suka fi amfani. Haɗin kai tsakanin guntuwar lantarki da filaye masu gani yana yiwuwa ta hanyar kafa jagorar raƙuman ruwa a sararin 3D.
Za'a iya yada yanayin hasken infrared guda ɗaya a tsawon zangon sadarwa ta hanyar amfani da irin waɗannan na'urori, waɗanda kuma an saita su don ɗaukar siginar gani tsakanin wuraren shigarwa da fitarwa tare da ƙarancin asara.
Ana amfani da jagorar wave na gani
A cikin hanyoyin sadarwa na microwave, watsa shirye-shirye, da tsarin radar, jagorar wave shine layin ciyarwar lantarki. Ana yin waveguide daga bututun ƙarfe ko bututu mai rectangular ko silinda.
Filin lantarki yana bazuwa a tsaye. Horn da eriya ta tasa sune mafi yawan aikace-aikacen jagorar wave.
Fiber na gani - shin jagorar igiyar ruwa ce?
Jimlar tunani na ciki, wanda ke tafiyar da yadda fiber na gani ke aiki, ana iya tunanin shi azaman jagorar igiyar haske.
Idan kusurwar abin da ya faru ya fi girma mai mahimmanci, jimlar tunani na ciki yana faruwa lokacin da igiyar ruwa mai yaduwa ta ci karo da iyaka tsakanin abubuwa biyu daban-daban.
Kammalawa
A ƙarshe, jagorar igiyar gani shine tsarin da ke "jagoranci" igiyar haske ta hanyar hana shi tafiya ta wata hanya dabam fiye da wanda ake so. A cikin masana'antar likitanci, ana amfani da filaye na gani akai-akai don duka ganewar asali da magani.
Za a iya sanya madauri masu sassaucin ra'ayi da aka yi da fiber na gani a cikin huhu, arteries na jini, da sauran gabobin. Ɗayan dogon bututu yana ɗaukar daure biyu na zaruruwan gani a cikin na'urar endoscope, na'urar likita.
An ƙirƙiri cikakken hoto ta hanyar karkatar da haske zuwa nama da ake gwadawa a cikin dam ɗaya yayin karɓar hasken da ke haskakawa daga cikin ɗayan ɗin. Ana iya yin endoscopes don bincika wasu sassan jiki ko haɗin gwiwa, kamar gwiwoyi.
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