Teburin Abubuwan Ciki[Boye][Nuna]
- 1. Menene Kubernetes?
- 2. Me kuke nufi da kwantena a Kubernetes?
- 3. Menene manyan abubuwan Kubernetes?
- 4. Me kuke nufi da ƙungiyar makaɗa a kubernetes?
- 5. Menene ainihin gungu na Kubernetes?
- 6. Yaya Kubernetes ya sauƙaƙa jigilar kwantena?
- 7. Wane bambance-bambance na asali ne ke tsakanin Kubernetes da Docker Swarm?
- 8. Menene filin suna a Kubernetes?
- 9. Menene ainihin abin Kubernetes etcd master bangaren?
- 10. Wadanne mafita akwai don tsaro na API akan Kubernetes?
- 11. Menene bambance-bambance tsakanin aikace-aikacen da aka tura akan runduna da kwantena?
- 12. Me kuke nufi da Minikube?
- 13. Ta yaya za a iya sa ido kan gungu na Kubernetes?
- 14. Menene aikin Kubernetes nodes ke aiki?
- 15. Bayyana hipster daki-daki.
- 16. Bayyana aikin Kubernetes master node.
- 17. Menene ya bambanta kwandon da kwafsa?
- 18. Menene kuke fahimta ta hanyar ma'aunin nauyi a cikin Kubernetes?
- 19. Wane aiki uwar garken Kube-API ke yi?
- 20. Menene ma'anar tsarin Kubernetes?
- 21. Ta yaya kuke bincika gundumomi na tsakiya?
- 22. ClusterIP: Menene shi?
- 23. Faɗa mini game da masu sarrafa kwafi?
- 24. Ta yaya cibiyar sadarwa ta Ingress ke aiki kuma menene?
- 25. Prometheus a Kubernetes: menene don me?
- 26. Menene sabis na rashin kai?
- 27. Don gudanar da gine-ginen Kubernetes a gida, menene nake buƙata?
- 28. Me kuka fahimta ta hanyar Jiha?
- 29. A Kubernetes, menene ma'anar minions?
- 30. Wadanne ayyuka ne ayyuka ke yi a cikin abubuwan Kubernetes?
- 31. Menene ainihin Helm?
- 32. Bayyana PVC
- Kammalawa
Google ya kirkiri Kubernetes, fasahar kade-kade na budaddiyar tushe, a cikin 2014. Aiwatar, daidaitawa, da sarrafa aikace-aikacen kwantena duk an yi niyya don sarrafa kansu.
Kubernetes ya haɓaka tsawon lokaci don zama ma'aunin masana'antu don kaɗa kwantena kuma ƴan kasuwa masu girma dabam suna amfani da su sosai don sarrafa nauyin aikinsu a cikin kwantena.
Muhimmancin Kubernetes a cikin duniyar zamani yana kan iyawarsa don ba da madaidaiciyar hanyar sarrafa aikace-aikacen kwantena a ma'auni, ya mamaye gungu daban-daban da yanayin girgije. Saboda wannan, kasuwancin na iya sarrafawa, faɗaɗa, da tura aikace-aikacen su cikin sauri da inganci.
Ana ƙara samun sauƙin kiyaye ƙa'idodin kwantena ta hanyar babban fasalin fasalin Kubernetes, wanda ya haɗa da warkar da kai, sikelin atomatik, da haɓaka haɓakawa.
Kamar yadda ƙarin kasuwancin ke amfani da kwantena da ƙananan sabis don haɓaka haɓaka aikace-aikacen su da hanyoyin tura su, ana sa ran ikon Kubernetes zai ci gaba da faɗaɗa a nan gaba.
Amincewa da fasahar ɗan ƙasa na gajimare da ƙaƙƙarfan ƙaura zuwa gajimare masu yawa da tsarin gajimare duka duka biyun sun dogara sosai akan Kubernetes. Yayin da ake haɗa na'urori da yawa zuwa intanit, Kubernetes kuma za a yi amfani da su sosai a cikin mahallin Ƙididdigar ƙira da IoT.
Ina tsammanin kun riga kun san waɗannan cikakkun bayanai saboda kuna karanta wannan post akan Tambayoyin Tambayoyi na Kubernetes, wanda zai sanar da ku tambayoyin tambayoyin da aka fi yawan yi. Mu fara.
1. Menene Kubernetes?
Kubernetes asalin tsarin bude-tushen domin kwantena aikace-aikace orchestration da gudanarwa. Yana ba da damar a kai a kai kuma yadda ya kamata a tura, sikeli, da kuma kula da aikace-aikacen kwantena.
Kubernetes yana ba da hanya ɗaya don sarrafa aikace-aikacen kwantena a ma'auni kuma an gina shi don aiki a cikin gungu daban-daban da mahallin girgije.
Warkar da kai, sikeli mai sarrafa kansa, da haɓaka haɓakawa kaɗan ne kawai daga cikin damar da ke sa sarrafa kayan aikin kwantena ya fi sauƙi.
2. Me kuke nufi da kwantena a Kubernetes?
Kwantenan hanya ce mai ɗaukuwa, mara nauyi, kuma mai dogaro da kai ga marufi da software mai gudana. Ana yin fakitin aikace-aikacen da turawa akai-akai kuma cikin inganci a Kubernetes ta amfani da kwantena.
Domin kiyaye kanta baya ga sauran kwantena da injin mai ɗaukar hoto, kowane akwati yana aiwatar da tsari ɗaya kawai. Dogaro da aikace-aikacen, dakunan karatu, da fayilolin daidaitawa duk an haɗa su a cikin hoton akwati wanda ke aiki azaman ma'anar akwati.
Adadin da aka yi niyya na kwafin kwalin yana aiki koyaushe godiya saboda amfani da Kubernetes na ƙungiyar kade-kaɗe don sarrafa da sikelin kwantena. Wannan ya sauƙaƙa wa masu haɓakawa don sarrafawa da tura aikace-aikacen su a cikin rukunoni da mahallin girgije da yawa.
3. Menene manyan abubuwan Kubernetes?
Anan ga manyan abubuwan kubeneters:
- Mai kula da Kubernetes: Wannan bangaren, wanda kuma ya ƙunshi manajan sarrafawa da mai tsarawa, da sauransu (wani kantin sayar da ƙima mai mahimmanci), uwar garken API, da sauran abubuwan haɗin gwiwa, shine ke kula da sarrafa tarin gaba ɗaya.
- Nodes: Waɗannan su ne wuraren aiki waɗanda ake aiwatar da shirye-shiryen kwantena. Kubelet, wanda ke hulɗa tare da maigidan don kula da yanayin gungun da aka nufa, ana aiwatar da shi akan kowane kumburi tare da lokacin aiki na ganga (kamar Docker).
- Pods: Mafi ƙanƙanta kuma mafi ƙanƙanta abin ƙirar Kubernetes shine kwafsa, wanda ke aiki azaman mai masaukin baki ɗaya ko fiye da kwantena.
- Sabis: Sabis suna ba da madaidaiciyar madaidaicin madaidaicin ga kwas ɗin kuma suna ba da damar daidaita nauyi da gano sabis.
- Masu sarrafa maimaitawa: Suna bada garantin cewa adadin kwafin kwafin da ake buƙata koyaushe yana aiki.
- Sirri da ConfigMaps: Ana amfani da waɗannan albarkatun don kiyaye bayanan daidaitawa da sirrin kwasfa da sauran abubuwan tari.
4. Me kuke nufi da ƙungiyar makaɗa a kubernetes?
A cikin Kubernetes, kalmar "Orchestration" tana nufin gudanarwa ta atomatik da daidaitawar kwantena da albarkatun da aka haɗa su. Ya ƙunshi ayyuka da suka haɗa da hanyar sadarwa, haɓakawa, turawa, da warkar da kai. Amfani da abubuwa kamar kwasfa, ayyuka, da masu sarrafa kwafi, Kubernetes yana tsara aikace-aikacen.
Pods, waɗanda za su iya ɗaukar kwantena ɗaya ko fiye, su ne mafi ƙarancin raka'a da za a iya turawa. Gudanar da ayyuka load daidaita da kuma gano sabis da ba da kwas ɗin kwas ɗin madaidaicin ƙarshen ƙarshen. Kwafin kwafsa koyaushe yana aiki tare da adadin kwafi da ake buƙata godiya ga masu sarrafa kwafi.
5. Menene ainihin gungu na Kubernetes?
Saitin nodes da ke gudanar da aikace-aikacen kwantena daban-daban a cikin mahallin daban-daban da injuna - tushen girgije, na zahiri, kama-da-wane, da kan-gida - suna yin tarin Kubernetes. Yana sauƙaƙe gudanarwa mai sauƙi da ƙaura na apps da kuma ƙirƙirar su.
6. Yaya Kubernetes ya sauƙaƙa jigilar kwantena?
Tun da aikace-aikacen yau da kullun zai yi aiki a cikin gungu na kwantena akan runduna da yawa, duk waɗannan kwantena zasu buƙaci sadarwa tare da juna.
Don haka, don cim ma wannan, ana buƙatar babban tsarin da zai iya ƙima, ɗaukar ma'auni, da saka idanu kan kwantena. Dole ne ku yi amfani da Kubernetes don sauƙaƙe jigilar kaya tun da girgije-agnostic ne kuma yana iya aiki akan kowane mai ba da sabis na jama'a ko masu zaman kansu.
7. Wane bambance-bambance na asali ne ke tsakanin Kubernetes da Docker Swarm?
Jadawalin da tari Docker kwantena tare da Docker Swarm, ɗan ƙasa, buɗaɗɗen kayan aikin gandun daji daga Docker. Halaye masu zuwa sun sa Swarm baya ga Kubernetes:
- Duk da yake Kubernetes da Docker Swarm duka biyun ba su da ikon daidaitawa ta atomatik, sikelin Docker ya ninka sauri sau biyar fiye da Kubernetes.
- Kubernetes yana ba da GUI ta hanyar dashboard, amma Docker Swarm ya rasa ɗaya.
- Idan aka kwatanta da Kubernetes, wanda ya fi wahalar saitawa amma yana ba da garantin gungu mai ƙarfi, Docker Swarm ya fi sauƙi don shigarwa amma ba shi da tsayayyen gungu.
- Yayin da Kubernetes ya haɗa da ginanniyar damar shiga don shiga da saka idanu, Docker yana buƙatar kayan aikin waje kamar tarin ELK.
- Ana iya tura sabuntawar sabuntawa ta hanyar Docker, amma juzu'i na atomatik ba zai iya zama ba; Ana iya tura sabuntawar mirgina da kuma jujjuyawar atomatik ta amfani da Kubernetes.
8. Menene filin suna a Kubernetes?
Ana amfani da sarari sunan Kubernetes a cikin saitin inda akwai masu amfani da yawa da ke aiki akan ayyuka da yawa a faɗin yanki mai faɗi. Wurin suna yana raba albarkatun tari zuwa ga masu amfani da yawa.
9. Menene ainihin abin Kubernetes etcd master bangaren?
Etcd wani muhimmin sashi ne na uwar garken uwar garken Kubernetes. Bugu da ƙari, tana aiki azaman cibiyar ƙungiyar Kubernetes, inda ake adana abubuwa a cikin maɓalli mai mahimmanci da aka rarraba.
Ana amfani da fasahar maimaitawa tare da algorithm don adana bayanan da aka adana a da sauransu tsakanin sabobin. Lokacin kwatantawa da musanya bayanai tsakanin sabar da dai sauransu, ana amfani da kyakkyawan kudin waje don rage yanayin kullewa da ƙara saurin uwar garke.
10. Wadanne mafita akwai don tsaro na API akan Kubernetes?
Ana iya samar da Tsaron API ta hanyar da aka jera a ƙasa:
- Ta hanyar ingantaccen API
- Zaɓin yanayin da ya dace don yanayin tabbatarwar uwar garken API = Node, RBAC
- Bibiyar kurakuran RBAC
- Tabbatar da cewa ana amfani da TLS don kiyaye zirga-zirga
- Amfani da izini-mode=Webhook don tabbatar da cewa Kubeless yana kiyaye API ɗin sa
- Kawar da tsoffin izini na Asusun Sabis
- Amfani da sabon sakin kube
- Tabbatar cewa kube-dashboard yana bin ƙaƙƙarfan manufar RBAC
- Aiwatar da tsarin tsaro na kwasfa don iyakance isa ga akwati da kiyaye kumburi
11. Menene bambance-bambance tsakanin aikace-aikacen da aka tura akan runduna da kwantena?
Tsarin aiki da tsarin gine-gine sun haɗa aikace-aikacen da aka tura. Tsarin aiki zai sami kernel wanda ke ɗauke da ɗakunan karatu da yawa da aikace-aikacen ke buƙata.
Injin da ke sarrafa kwantena ana kiransa mai masaukin kwantena. Tun da wannan nau'in software ya bambanta da sauran shirye-shirye, dole ne ƙa'idodin sun haɗa da laburaren da suka dace. Binariyoyi ba za su iya keta haƙƙin kowane software ba tunda an raba su da sauran tsarin.
12. Me kuke nufi da Minikube?
Tare da Minikube, Kubernetes ana iya gudanar da shi cikin sauƙi a cikin gida. Wannan yana ba da injin kama-da-wane don ɗaukar nauyin tarin Kubernetes tare da kumburi ɗaya.
13. Ta yaya za a iya sa ido kan gungu na Kubernetes?
Ana iya bin diddigin aiki da matsayin kwantena masu aiki a ƙarƙashin Kubernetes ta amfani da hanyoyi daban-daban. Prometheus, ɗaya daga cikin kayan aikin da aka fi amfani da su, ya ƙunshi sassa da yawa, waɗanda aka rushe a cikin sassan da ke ƙasa.
- Sabar Prometheus tana tattarawa da adana bayanan jerin lokaci.
- Ya haɗa da ɗakunan karatu na abokin ciniki waɗanda ke sauƙaƙe lambar aikace-aikacen kayan aiki.
- Yana fasalta ƙofar turawa wanda zai iya tallafawa ayyukan ɗan lokaci.
- Akwai masu fitarwa da ayyuka na musamman don sabis na kwantena iri-iri, kamar StatsD, HAProxy, Graphite, da sauransu.
- Bugu da ƙari, za ku karɓi mai sarrafa faɗakarwa don sarrafa sanarwa akan tsarin tallafi daban-daban.
14. Menene aikin Kubernetes nodes ke aiki?
Don aiki na kwasfa, Node yana ba da ayyuka masu mahimmanci. Nods, waɗanda kuma aka sani da minions, na iya aiki akan kowace kwamfuta ta gaske ko kama-da-wane dangane da gungu.
A cikin Kubernetes, kumburi ita ce kwamfutar ma'aikaci ta farko, yayin da manyan abubuwan haɗin gwiwar ke kula da kowane kumburi daban-daban.
15. Bayyana hipster daki-daki.
Heapster yana haɗa bayanai a cikin dukan gungu wanda Kubelet, wanda aka aiwatar akan kowane kumburi, ya haifar. Wannan gungu na Kubernetes yana goyan bayan wannan kayan aikin sarrafa kwantena, kuma yana aiki azaman kwafsa kamar kowane kwafsa a cikin tari.
Ainihin, wannan ya haɗa da gano kowane kumburi a cikin gungu da yin amfani da wakilin Kubernetes na kan na'ura don neman bayanai daga nodes na Kubernetes na gungu.
16. Bayyana aikin Kubernetes master node.
Kullin maigida yana ɗaga kumburin ma'aikacin' hukuncin da sarrafa nodes. Wannan yayi kama da gungu na Kubernetes. Ƙungiyoyin suna kula da sarrafa gungu da kuma API ɗin da ake amfani da su don tsarawa da sarrafa albarkatun tarin. Saboda fa'idar kwas ɗin kwafi, Kubernetes master nodes na iya tafiya tare da Kubernetes kanta.
17. Menene ya bambanta kwandon da kwafsa?
A matsayin rukunin kwafi, Kubernetes yana amfani da kwafsa, wanda rukuni ne na kwantena. Kwantena sune tarin lambobin da faifan aikace-aikacen ya kamata ya ƙirƙira. A cikin kwasfa ɗaya, kwantena na iya sadarwa tare da juna.
18. Menene kuke fahimta ta hanyar ma'aunin nauyi a cikin Kubernetes?
Ɗaya daga cikin hanyoyin da aka fi sani da karɓa na bayyanar sabis shine ma'aunin nauyi. Dangane da yanayin aiki, ma'aunin nauyi shine ko dai ma'aunin nauyi na ciki ko ma'aunin nauyi na waje.
Yayin da Ma'auni na Load na Waje na zirga-zirgar zirga-zirgar zirga-zirgar ababen hawa na waje zuwa kwas ɗin baya, Ma'aunin Load na Cikin Gida ta atomatik yana daidaita nauyin kuma ya sanya kwas ɗin tare da daidaitaccen tsari.
19. Wane aiki uwar garken Kube-API ke yi?
Don abubuwan API, wannan nau'in yana tabbatarwa kuma yana ba da bayanin daidaitawa. Ya ƙunshi masu sarrafa kwafi, ayyuka, da kwasfa. Bugu da ƙari, yana ba da ayyuka na REST da ƙirar tari. Duk sauran abubuwan haɗin gwiwa suna sadarwa tare da juna ta wannan yanayin gungun gaba na gama gari.
20. Menene ma'anar tsarin Kubernetes?
Ana amfani da abu mai nauyin aiki na API wanda ake kira saitin jaha don sarrafa ƙa'idodi na yanayi. Ana amfani da shi don auna ma'auni na kwasfa da sarrafa turawa. A cikin ma'ajiyar fayafai da ke da alaƙa da saiti na jihohi, an adana bayanan jihar da sauran bayanan juriya na kwas ɗin na jihohi kuma an kiyaye su har zuwa yau.
21. Ta yaya kuke bincika gundumomi na tsakiya?
Don maido da rajistan ayyukan tsakiya daga kwas ɗin, zaku iya amfani da ɗayan salon shiga guda biyu.
- Yi amfani da wakili na katako a matakin kumburi.
- Kwandon motar gefe a cikin rafi
- Yi amfani da wakili na katako tare da kwandon motar gefe.
- Kai tsaye fitar da rajistan ayyukan daga shirin
22. ClusterIP: Menene shi?
Sabis na Kubernetes na tsoho, ClusterIP, yana ba da sabis na gungu na ciki (ba tare da samun damar waje ba) waɗanda sauran ƙa'idodin da ke cikin gungu za su iya shiga.
23. Faɗa mini game da masu sarrafa kwafi?
Ga duk fastoci masu tsayin aiki, masu sarrafa kwafi suna aiki a matsayin masu kulawa. Yana ba da garantin cewa adadin kwas ɗin da ake buƙata yana aiki a kowane lokaci kuma kowane kwafsa ko rukuni na kwasfa yana da daidaitaccen tsari.
Idan akwai ƙarin fasfo fiye da lambar da aka yi niyya, an ƙare rarar kwas ɗin. Bugu da kari, mai sarrafawa zai maye gurbin kowane kwasfa mara kyau nan da nan.
24. Ta yaya cibiyar sadarwa ta Ingress ke aiki kuma menene?
Masu amfani za su iya samun dama ga ayyukan Kubernetes daga wajen gungu na Kubernetes godiya ga wani abu da ake kira ingress. Ta hanyar kafa ƙa'idodi waɗanda ke ƙayyadad da waɗanne hanyoyin haɗin kai ke isa wasu ayyuka, masu amfani za su iya saita shiga.
Wannan API ɗin yana ba da ƙa'idodin kewayawa da ake buƙata don sarrafa yadda ayyukan da ke cikin gungun Kubernetes ke samun isa ga baƙi daga wajen gungu ta HTTPS/HTTP. Tare da wannan, masu amfani za su iya haɓaka ƙa'idodin zirga-zirgar ababen hawa cikin sauri da inganci ba tare da yin ma'aunin nauyi da yawa ba ko fallasa kowane sabis ga nodes.
25. Prometheus a Kubernetes: menene don me?
Ana amfani da kayan aikin buɗe tushen da ake kira Prometheus don saka idanu da faɗakar da aikace-aikacen dangane da awo. Yana ba da tsarin bayanai, da harshen tambaya, kuma yana da ikon isar da bayanan awo da ayyuka. Yana ba da damar amfani da harshe don dalilai na kayan aiki da yawa.
Baya ga Alertmanager da Grafana, ma'aikacin Prometheus yana ba da kulawa mai sauƙi don turawa da sabis na K8s.
26. Menene sabis na rashin kai?
Sabis mara kai shine wanda ke amfani da adireshin IP amma yana ba da bayanai game da kwas ɗin da aka haɗa maimakon daidaitawa.
27. Don gudanar da gine-ginen Kubernetes a gida, menene nake buƙata?
Don haɗin Kubernetes, yawancin abubuwan more rayuwa na kan gida sun yi gyare-gyare. Ana buƙatar ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun don haɗawa da ajiya, sabobin, da kuma hanyar sadarwa a cikin tsarin da ba su dace ba.
Zaɓin hanyar sadarwar da ta dace da kayan aikin ajiya yana da mahimmanci ga Kubernetes tunda yana ba da damar hulɗa tare da albarkatu don ajiya, ma'auni masu nauyi, da sauransu. Gudanar da hanyar sadarwa ta atomatik da abubuwan ajiya shine maɓalli na ƙimar ƙimar Kubernetes.
28. Me kuka fahimta ta hanyar Jiha?
Abun aikin API ɗin da aka sani da saitin jaha ana amfani da shi don sarrafa ƙa'idodi na yanayi. Hakanan za'a iya amfani dashi don auna ma'auni na kwasfa da sarrafa turawa. Ma'ajiyar fayafai, wanda aka haɗa da saiti mai ƙima, yana ɗauke da bayanan jihar da sauran bayanai don faifan fayafai.
29. A Kubernetes, menene ma'anar minions?
A cikin Kubernetes, ana kiran kumburi azaman injin ma'aikaci; a baya, an san shi a matsayin minion. Dangane da gungu, yana iya zama kwamfuta mai kama-da-wane ko na'ura ta gaske.
Kowane kumburi yana ƙarƙashin ikon Kubernetes babban abubuwan gyara kuma ya ƙunshi ayyukan da ake buƙata don sarrafa kwasfa. Lokacin aiki na kwantena, kubelet, da Kube-proxy an haɗa su cikin ayyukan da kumburin ke bayarwa.
30. Wadanne ayyuka ne ayyuka ke yi a cikin abubuwan Kubernetes?
Ta hanyar samar da adireshi na IP na kama-da-wane, sabis yana aiki azaman abstraction ga kwasfa. Adireshin IP na kama-da-wane yana sauƙaƙe haɗin mai amfani zuwa kwantena masu gudana a cikin kwas ɗin. Wani sashi ne wanda ke ƙayyade yadda ake shirya kwantena a cikin kwasfa.
31. Menene ainihin Helm?
Ana samun rajistar rajistar fakitin aikace-aikacen Helm na CNF don Kubernetes. An riga an saita shi Taswirar Helm za a iya saukewa kuma shigar da su a cikin tsarin Kubernetes. Ɗaya daga cikin shahararrun hanyoyin sarrafa fakitin don yanayin Kubernetes shine wannan. Ƙungiyoyin DevOps za su iya tura ƙa'idodi zuwa yanayin samarwa da haɓakawa, ƙirƙira su, da bin diddigin ci gabansu ta amfani da sigogin da ake dasu.
32. Bayyana PVC
PVC gajarta ce don Da'awar Ƙarfin Ƙarfafawa. Adana ne wanda Kubernetes ya nema don kwasfa. Sanin mai amfani game da tanadin tushen bai zama dole ba. Wurin suna inda aka kafa kwas ɗin da kuma inda ya kamata a yi wannan da'awar yakamata yayi daidai.
Kammalawa
Tambayoyi da amsoshi na Kubernetes sun cika.
Babu shakka akwai ƙarin koyo game da Kubernetes, fasaha mai ɗorewa wanda ya sa ya yiwu a sarrafa da sarrafa dubban kwantena, amma wannan wuri ne mai ƙarfi don farawa. Don taimako tare da shirye-shiryen hira, duba Jerin Tattaunawar Hashdork.
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