Teburin Abubuwan Ciki[Boye][Nuna]
- 1. Me kuke nufi da Database?
- 2. Me kuke nufi da DBMS?
- 3. Bayyana harsunan DBMS daban-daban.
- 4. Lissafa ƴan fa'idodin DBMS?
- 5. Ambaci illolin tsarin tushen fayil na al'ada wanda DBMSs ke da su.
- 6. Me kuke nufi da kaddarorin ACID a cikin DBMS?
- 7. Wace rawa SQL ke aiki a DBMS?
- 8. Shin sararin sarari ko sifili yana ƙidaya azaman ƙimar NULL a cikin bayanan bayanai?
- 9. Menene ainihin ajiyar bayanai?
- 10. Menene ma'anar binciken DBMS?
- 11. Kwatanta daban-daban DBMS data abstraction layers.
- 12. Menene ma'anar "ƙarfafa tambaya" a gare ku?
- 13. Samfuran alaƙar mahalli: menene?
- 14. Menene ma'anar kalmomin "haɗin gwiwa," "nau'in mahalli," da "saitin mahallin" a cikin tsarin sarrafa bayanai?
- 15. Menene haɗin kai, kuma wadanne irin alaƙa ne akwai a cikin DBMS?
- 16. Menene ainihin RDBMS?
- 17. Menene ma'anar kalmar "intense" da "tsawo" a cikin rumbun adana bayanai?
- 18. Menene hanyoyi masu yawa na daidaitawa kuma menene ma'anar kalmar "al'ada" ke nufi?
- 19. Bayyana makulli. Ya kamata a bayyana babban bambanci tsakanin makulli da aka raba da keɓantaccen kulle yayin ma'amalar bayanai.
- 20. Menene ma'anar ma'anar "al'ada" da "denomalization"?
- 21. Bayyana rabe-raben bayanai da muhimmancinsa.
- 22. Menene ma'anar kalmar "aiki," "mai sake dawowa," da "sabuntawa na lokaci guda" a gare ku?
- 23. Menene ma'anar kalmar "cursor" a gare ku? Bayyana nau'ikan siginan kwamfuta da yawa.
- 24. Bayyana bambance-bambancen tsakanin hanyar sadarwa da tsarin bayanai masu matsayi.
- 25. Bayyana MongoDB.
- 26. Bayyana bambance-bambancen tsakanin tsarin DBMS mai lamba 2 da 3.
- 27. A cikin ma'auni, menene kalmar "hashing" ke nufi?
- 28. Wace rawa mai gudanar da bayanai ke yi a cikin DBMS?
- Kammalawa
Ana iya samun bayanai a ko'ina cikin duniya! A kasuwar yau, ana samar da bayanai sama da 2.5 quintillion bytes kowace rana.
Yana da mahimmanci mu bincika wannan bayanan kuma mu samar da sakamakon da ake buƙata ta amfani da tsarin sarrafa bayanai (DBMS). A gefe guda, samun ilimin DBMS yana ba da damar yin aiki azaman mai gudanar da bayanai.
Ganin cewa kuna karanta wannan post game da Tambayoyin Tambayoyi na DBMS, Ina tsammanin kun riga kun san waɗannan cikakkun bayanai. Duk wata sana'a a cikin nazarin bayanai dole ne ta fara da ingantaccen fahimtar tsarin sarrafa bayanai (DBMS).
Gina ingantattun tsarin adana bayanai na buƙatar ikon tsarawa, tantancewa, wucewa, da kuma fahimtar ɗimbin bayanai.
Anan akwai 'yan tambayoyin tambayoyin DBMS don taimaka muku yin nasara a cikin tambayoyin aikinku na gaba da ƙasa matsayin da kuke fata, ko kun riga kun fara aiki a cikin nazarin bayanai ko kuma kuna farawa.
An tattara manyan tambayoyin hira na DBMS cikin jeri don fa'idar ku don taimaka muku wajen yin hira da ƙarfafa fahimtar ku game da batun.
1. Me kuke nufi da Database?
Database tarin bayanai ne da aka tsara bisa ma'ana wanda za'a iya sabuntawa, samun dama da kuma kiyaye su cikin sauki. Duk wani abu da aka samar tare da umarnin ƙirƙira abu ne na bayanai, kuma ma'ajin bayanai galibi sun ƙunshi tarin teburi ko abubuwa waɗanda ke da shigarwa da filayen.
Shiga guda ɗaya a cikin tebur ana wakilta ta tuple ko jere. Tushen ma'ajiyar bayanai, waɗanda ke ba da cikakkun bayanai game da takamaiman ɓangaren tebur, sifa ne ko ginshiƙi.
DBMS yana maido da bayanai daga rumbun adana bayanai ta amfani da tambayoyin da mai amfani ya samar.
2. Me kuke nufi da DBMS?
DBMS shirye-shirye ne na software waɗanda ke taimaka muku ƙirƙira da sarrafa bayanan da aka haɗa ta hankali.
Idan muka ce, tsarin sarrafa bayanai (DBMS) yana ba mu hanyar sadarwa ko kayan aiki don aiwatar da ayyuka iri-iri da suka haɗa da gina rumbun adana bayanai, ƙara bayanai, cirewa, canza bayanai, da dai sauransu.
Software da ake kira tsarin sarrafa bayanai (DBMS) yana ba da damar adana bayanai ta hanya mafi aminci fiye da tsarin tushen fayil.
3. Bayyana harsunan DBMS daban-daban.
Waɗannan su ne wasu daga cikin harsunan da DBMSs ke amfani da su:
- DDL(Harshen Ma'anar Bayanai): Umurnin da ake buƙata don ayyana ma'ajin bayanai suna ƙunshe a ciki. Ƙirƙiri, CANJIN, DUGA, SANARWA, Sake suna, da sauransu kaɗan ne misalai.
- DML (Harshen Manipulation Data): Ya haɗa da umarnin da ake buƙata don aiki tare da bayanan da ke cikin bayanan. Misalai sun haɗa da SELECT, UPDATE, SA, GAME, da sauransu.
- DCL (Harshen Sarrafa bayanai): Ya haɗa da umarni waɗanda suka wajaba don mu'amala da izinin mai amfani da sarrafa tsarin bayanai. Misali, KYAUTA da SAKE.
- TCL (Harshen Kula da Ma'amala): Ya haɗa da umarni waɗanda dole ne a yi amfani da su don sarrafa ma'amalar bayanai. Misali, COMMIT, ROLLBACK, da SAVEPOINT.
4. Lissafa ƴan fa'idodin DBMS?
- Yana yiwuwa ga masu amfani da yawa su yi musayar bayanai daga rumbun adana bayanai guda ɗaya lokaci guda. Bugu da ƙari, irin wannan rabawa yana ba da damar masu amfani su amsa da sauri ga sauye-sauye a cikin yanayin bayanai.
- Yana yiwuwa ga masu amfani da yawa su duba bayanan bayanai iri ɗaya lokaci guda.
- yana rage kwafi a cikin rumbun adana bayanai ta hanyar bullo da tsarin da zai hada dukkan bayanai zuwa rumbun adana bayanai guda daya.
- Lokacin da ya cancanta, za a iya dawo da bayanan da ke cikin rumbun adana bayanai kuma za a iya tsara maajiyar bayanan don ƙirƙirar ta atomatik.
- Yana ba da damar gyaggyara tsarin bayanai yayin kiyaye kayan shafa na duk matakan aikace-aikacen da ke gudana.
5. Ambaci illolin tsarin tushen fayil na al'ada wanda DBMSs ke da su.
An tilasta mana mu bincika kowane shafi a cikin tsarin tushen fayil na yau da kullun tunda babu firikwensin, wanda ke sa abun ciki damar cin lokaci da jinkiri.
Ragewa da rashin daidaituwa su ne sauran matsalolin tunda fayiloli akai-akai sun haɗa da bayanan da ba su da yawa da kwafi, kuma canza ɗayan su yana sa dukkan su saba.
Samun bayanai ya fi ƙalubale tare da tsarin tushen fayil na gargajiya tun lokacin da bayanan ba su da tsari. Wani hasashe kuma shine rashin sarrafa ma'amala, wanda ke hana ayyuka da yawa yin aiki akan fayil iri ɗaya a lokaci guda kuma a maimakon haka ya tilasta wani mataki don kulle dukkan shafin.
Tsarukan sarrafa bayanan bayanai kuma sun warware batutuwa tare da tsarin tushen fayil na gargajiya wanda ya haɗa da tantance gaskiya, rabuwar bayanai, atomity, tsaro, da ƙari.
6. Me kuke nufi da kaddarorin ACID a cikin DBMS?
Babban jagororin da dole ne a bi don adana amincin bayanai sune halayen ACID na tsarin sarrafa bayanai. Wadannan su ne:
- Atomity - Har ila yau ana kiranta da ka'idar "duk ko ba komai", atomity yana ƙunshe da cewa kowace ƙima ta raka'a ɗaya ana aiwatar da ita gaba ɗaya ko a'a.
- Daidaituwa: Wannan dukiya tana nuna cewa bayanan da ke cikin ma'ajin bayanai suna dawwama kafin da bayan kowace ma'amala.
- Warewa - Wannan dukiya ta bayyana cewa yawancin ma'amaloli na iya faruwa a lokaci guda.
- Ƙarfafawa - Wannan dukiya yana tabbatar da cewa an yi rikodin kowace ma'amala a cikin ƙwaƙwalwar da ba ta da ƙarfi da zarar an gama.
7. Wace rawa SQL ke aiki a DBMS?
SQL na nufin Harshen Tambaya mai Tsari, kuma babban aikinsa shi ne mu'amala da bayanai masu alaƙa ta hanyar shigar da sabuntawa/gyara bayanai.
8. Shin sararin sarari ko sifili yana ƙidaya azaman ƙimar NULL a cikin bayanan bayanai?
A'a, ƙimar NULL ta bambanta da sifili da sarari mara kyau tunda yana nuna ƙimar da aka sanya, wanda ba a sani ba, babu shi, ko bai dace ba, sabanin sarari mara komai da sifili, wanda kowannensu ke wakiltar hali.
9. Menene ainihin ajiyar bayanai?
Adana bayanai shine tsarin tattarawa, ciro, sarrafawa, da shigo da bayanai daga wurare da yawa don adana su a cikin rumbun adana bayanai guda ɗaya.
Ana iya ɗaukar ma'ajiyar bayanai azaman babban ma'ajiyar bayanai inda ake amfani da bayanai don nazarin bayanai da gudana daga tsarin ma'amala da sauran bayanan alaƙa.
A bayanan ajiya ya ƙunshi kewayon bayanan tarihi daga ƙungiyar da ake amfani da ita don haɓaka yanke shawara a cikin kamfani.
10. Menene ma'anar binciken DBMS?
Hanyar Dubawa tana share duk rajistan ayyukan da suka gabata daga tsarin kuma suna adana su har abada akan na'urar ajiya.
Dabarun biyu waɗanda zasu iya taimaka wa DBMS su dawo da riƙe halayen ACID sun haɗa da adana shafukan inuwa da adana tarihin kowace ma'amala. Wuraren bincike suna da mahimmanci don tsarin dawo da tushen log.
Ana iya amfani da rikodin ma'amalar ciniki don dawo da duk bayanan da aka sadaukar har zuwa lokacin da hatsarin ya faru daga wuraren bincike, waɗanda su ne mafi ƙarancin maki waɗanda injin bayanan zai iya dawowa bayan faɗuwa.
11. Kwatanta daban-daban DBMS data abstraction layers.
Ƙirƙirar bayanai tana ɓoye bayanan da ba su da mahimmanci daga mai amfani don haɓaka hulɗar da ba ta dace ba. Akwai matakai uku na abstraction:
- Matsayin Jiki: Mafi ƙarancin matakin abstraction yana bayyana ma'ajin jiki na bayanai a ƙwaƙwalwar ajiya. Ana iya amfani da hanyoyin samun dama ta jere ko kuma bazu don samun damar bayanai. Ana amfani da bishiyar B+ da dabarun hashing don tsara fayilolin.
- Mataki Level: Matsayin da ake adana bayanai a cikin nau'i na tebur. Bugu da ƙari, ana amfani da sifofi na asali don adana haɗin kai tsakanin abubuwa daban-daban.
- Level Level: Shi ne mafi girman matakin abstraction. Wani yanki na ainihin bayanan bayanai, wanda layuka da ginshiƙai ke wakilta, yana samuwa ga masu amfani. Ra'ayoyi da yawa na ma'ajin bayanai iri ɗaya ne. Ba a sanar da masu amfani sanin ƙayyadaddun ajiya da aiwatarwa ba.
12. Menene ma'anar "ƙarfafa tambaya" a gare ku?
Matakin inganta tambaya yana samo dabarun kimantawa tare da mafi ƙarancin farashi. Wannan lokaci ya zama mai dacewa lokacin da akwai algorithms da dabaru da yawa don yin matsala iri ɗaya.
Waɗannan su ne wasu fa'idodin inganta tambaya:
- Ana isar da fitarwa da sauri
- Yana ragewa hadaddun lokaci da sarari
- Ana iya sarrafa ƙarin tambayoyin a cikin ɗan gajeren lokaci.
13. Samfuran alaƙar mahalli: menene?
Wannan hanyar ƙirƙira bayanan bayanai tana amfani da zane-zane don nuna ainihin abubuwa a cikin ainihin duniya azaman ƙungiyoyi da nuna alaƙar su. Wannan hanyar ta sauƙaƙa ƙungiyar DBA don fahimtar tsarin.
14. Menene ma'anar kalmomin "haɗin gwiwa," "nau'in mahalli," da "saitin mahallin" a cikin tsarin sarrafa bayanai?
Abun halitta: Ana ɗaukar abu na ainihi a matsayin mahaluƙi idan yana da kaddarorin da suka dace da takamaiman halayensa. Misali, dalibi, ma'aikaci, ko malami yana wakiltar wani mahaluki.
Nau'in Mahalli: An siffanta nau'in mahalli a matsayin ƙungiyar ƙungiyoyi masu halaye iri ɗaya. Nau'in mahallin yana wakilta ta ɗaya ko fiye da allunan da aka haɗe a cikin bayanan bayanai. Yana yiwuwa a yi la'akari da nau'in mahalli ko sifofi a matsayin sifa wacce ke bayyana mahallin musamman. Dalibi, alal misali, yana wakiltar wani abu mai halaye kamar id na ɗalibi, sunan ɗalibi, da sauransu.
Saitin Mahalli: Duk abubuwan da ke cikin ma'ajin bayanai waɗanda ke na wani nau'in mahallin an tattara su wuri ɗaya azaman saitin mahaɗan. Misali, saitin mahalli tarin duka ɗalibai ne, membobin ma'aikata, malamai, da sauransu.
15. Menene haɗin kai, kuma wadanne irin alaƙa ne akwai a cikin DBMS?
A cikin DBMS, dangantaka wani yanayi ne wanda ƙungiyoyi biyu suka haɗu da juna. A wannan yanayin, teburin maɓalli na ƙasashen waje yana da nuni ga maɓallin farko na ɗayan tebur.
Jeri mai zuwa ya ƙunshi nau'ikan alaƙa da yawa da aka samu a cikin DBMS:
- Dangantaka daya-da-daya: Ana amfani da wannan kalmar don bayyana dangantaka tsakanin jere ɗaya a cikin Tebura A da jere ɗaya a Tebur B.
- Dangantaka ɗaya-zuwa-Yawa: Ana amfani da ita idan akwai dangantaka tsakanin layi ɗaya a cikin Tebur A da layuka da yawa a cikin Tebur B.
- Dangantaka da yawa-zuwa-Yawa - Ana amfani dashi lokacin da yawan layuka a cikin tebur A za'a iya haɗa su da adadi mai yawa na layuka a tebur B.
- Dangantakar Magana da Kai - Ana amfani dashi lokacin da aka haɗa rikodin a tebur A zuwa wani rikodin a cikin tebur ɗaya.
16. Menene ainihin RDBMS?
RDBMS, ko tsarin kula da bayanai na dangantaka, gajarta ce ga waɗannan tsarin. Ana amfani da shi don kiyaye bayanan tebur da bayanan bayanan.
RDBMSs wani yanki ne na tsarin sarrafa bayanai waɗanda ke amfani da tsari don ganowa da kuma dawo da bayanai game da wasu abubuwan bayanai. Tsarin sarrafa bayanai na dangantaka (RDBMS) yana sauƙaƙa ɗaukakawa, sakawa, cirewa, gyara, da sarrafa bayanan alaƙa.
Yawancin lokaci, RDBMS yana amfani da yaren SQL tunda yana da sauƙin amfani kuma ana amfani dashi akai-akai.
17. Menene ma'anar kalmar "intense" da "tsawo" a cikin rumbun adana bayanai?
Babban banbance tsakanin niyya da tsawo a cikin ma’adanar bayanai shine kamar haka:
Intension: Niyya, wani lokaci ana kiranta da tsarin tsarin bayanai, ana amfani da shi don bayyana bayanin bayanan. An kafa shi yayin gina ma'ajin bayanai kuma galibi baya canzawa.
Extension: A daya bangaren, tsawo shine ma'auni na jimlar adadin tuples a cikin ma'ajin bayanai a kowane lokaci. Lokacin da aka ƙirƙiri, gyaggyarawa, ko share su a cikin bayanan bayanai, tsawo, wanda kuma aka sani da hoton bayanan, yana ci gaba da canzawa cikin ƙima.
18. Menene hanyoyi masu yawa na daidaitawa kuma menene ma'anar kalmar "al'ada" ke nufi?
Daidaitawa shine tsari na tsara bayanai don hana kwafin bayanai da sake sakewa. Matakan daidaitawa da yawa suna bin juna kuma ana kiran su da sifofin al'ada. Wadannan nau'o'i na yau da kullum sun dogara da juna.
Siffofin al'ada guda uku na farko sune kamar haka.
NF-1, ko Tsarin Al'ada na Farko, layuka ba tare da maimaita rukunoni ba
2NF tana nufin Form na Al'ada na Biyu. Kowace ƙimar ginshiƙi mai goyan baya (ba maɓalli ba) ya dogara da duka babban maɓalli.
Form-Uku-Al'ada (3NF) ya dogara ne akan maɓalli na farko kawai kuma baya dogara da kowane nau'in ginshiƙi mai goyan baya (mara maɓalli).
Hakanan kuna da mafi girman siffofin al'ada, kamar BCNF, ban da waɗannan.
BNCF - Wani ƙarin ƙwarewa kuma ainihin bambance-bambancen 3NF ana kiransa 3.5NF. Tebur ya kamata ya kasance a cikin 3NF kuma ya bi ka'idar BCNF cewa A ya kamata ya zama babban maɓalli na tebur don kowane dogaro na aiki A-> B.
19. Bayyana makulli. Ya kamata a bayyana babban bambanci tsakanin makulli da aka raba da keɓantaccen kulle yayin ma'amalar bayanai.
Makullin bayanai shine ma'aunin tsaro wanda ke hana masu amfani da bayanai biyu ko sama da haka sabunta wani yanki na bayanan da aka raba lokaci guda.
Babu wani mai amfani da ma'ajin bayanai ko zaman da zai iya gyara bayanan har sai an fitar da makullin akan wata ma'adanar bayanai lokacin da mai amfani da bayanai ko zaman guda daya ya sami kulle.
Kulle Raba: Karatun abun bayanai yana buƙatar kulle-kulle, kuma ma'amaloli da yawa na iya riƙe kulle akan abu ɗaya a ƙarƙashin makulli ɗaya. Abubuwan da ke cikin makullin da aka raba za a iya karanta su ta hanyar ma'amaloli da yawa.
Keɓaɓɓen kulle: Duk wani ciniki game da gudanar da aikin rubuta yana da makulli, wanda aka sani da keɓantaccen kulle. Wannan nau'i na kulle yana hana ma'amaloli da yawa, yana hana duk wani sabani a cikin bayanan.
20. Menene ma'anar ma'anar "al'ada" da "denomalization"?
Tsarin daidaitawa ya haɗa da rarraba bayanai cikin tebur da yawa don rage yawan aiki. Daidaitawa yana haifar da amfani da sararin faifai mafi girma kuma yana sauƙaƙa don adana amincin bayanan bayanai.
Denormalization shine akasin daidaitawa tun lokacin da yake haɗa tebur ɗin da aka daidaita cikin tebur guda don hanzarta dawo da bayanai. Ta hanyar jujjuya al'ada, aikin JOIN yana ba mu damar samar da wakilcin da bai dace ba.
21. Bayyana rabe-raben bayanai da muhimmancinsa.
An raba ma'ajin bayanai masu ma'ana zuwa keɓantattun, abubuwan da suka ƙunshi kansu ta hanyar tsarin rarraba bayanai, wanda ke haɓaka samuwa, aiki, da gudanarwa.
Ga wasu dalilan da ya sa rarraba bayanan bayanai ke da mahimmanci:
- Yana haɓaka ingancin tambayoyin
- Yana ba ku damar samun dama ga mahimman sassa na wani bangare
- Ana iya adana bayanai akan sluggish, ma'aji mara tsada.
22. Menene ma'anar kalmar "aiki," "mai sake dawowa," da "sabuntawa na lokaci guda" a gare ku?
Sabuntawa Mai Haɓakawa: Kafin aiwatar da bayanan bayanai a ainihin duniya, ana yin waɗannan gyare-gyare zuwa gare ta.
Sabuntawa Mai Dawowa: Bayan bayanan bayanai sun fara aiki a duniyar gaske, ana yin waɗannan gyare-gyaren da aka dawo dasu.
Sabunta lokaci guda: Waɗannan gyare-gyaren ana yin su zuwa ma'ajin bayanai a daidai lokacin da suke aiki a ainihin duniya.
23. Menene ma'anar kalmar "cursor" a gare ku? Bayyana nau'ikan siginan kwamfuta da yawa.
Siginan kwamfuta abu ne na bayanai wanda ke sauƙaƙe sarrafa bayanan jere-bi-jere kuma yana wakiltar saitin sakamako.
Waɗannan su ne nau'ikan masu lanƙwasa da yawa:
- Siginan kwamfuta a fakaice: Ana bayyana irin wannan siginar nan da nan da zarar an aiwatar da SQL. Ba a sanar da mai amfani game da ayyana siginan kwamfuta a wannan misali ba.
- Bayyanar siginan kwamfuta: Tun da yake aiwatar da tambaya a cikin layuka da yawa, wannan nau'in siginan kwamfuta shine wanda PL/SQL ya bayyana.
24. Bayyana bambance-bambancen tsakanin hanyar sadarwa da tsarin bayanai masu matsayi.
An tsara bayanai zuwa nodes a cikin abin da ke kama da bishiya a cikin tsarin bayanai masu matsayi. Kumburi na iya haɗa kullin iyaye ɗaya kawai.
Sakamakon haka, bayanan wannan ƙirar suna da haɗin kai-da-yawa. The Document Object Approach (DOM), wanda ake yawan amfani da shi a cikin masu binciken gidan yanar gizo, shine babban misali na wannan ƙirar.
Ingantattun bambance-bambancen samfurin matsayi shine tsarin bayanan cibiyar sadarwa. An tsara bayanan daidai da bishiya a wannan misalin. Kullin yaro ɗaya, duk da haka, ana iya haɗa shi da kuɗaɗen iyaye da yawa.
Hanya mai yawa-zuwa-yawa ta haɓaka tsakanin kuɗaɗɗen bayanai a sakamakon haka. Ma'ajin bayanai na hanyar sadarwa sun haɗa da Integrated Data Store (IDS) da IDMS (Integrated Database Management System).
25. Bayyana MongoDB.
MongoDB buɗaɗɗen tushe ne, marar alaƙa, bayanan bayanai marasa tsari. Ana adana bayanan ku a cikin tarin da aka ƙera na ɗaiɗaikun takardu a cikin ma'ajin mu mai tushen daftarin aiki.
Takaddun shaida a MongoDB abu ne mai girman gaske na JSON wanda ba shi da takamaiman tsari ko daidaitawa. Takaddun JSON MongoDB ne ke wakilta a cikin tsarin binary-encoded mai suna BSON.
26. Bayyana bambance-bambancen tsakanin tsarin DBMS mai lamba 2 da 3.
Kalmar “gini mai hawa biyu” tana nufin gine-ginen uwar garken abokin ciniki wanda aikace-aikacen da ke gudana akan abokan ciniki kai tsaye suna hulɗa tare da bayanan bayanan da ke gudana akan sabobin ba tare da amfani da kowane matsakaici ba.
Tsarin 3-tier ya haɗa da ƙarin Layer tsakanin abokin ciniki da uwar garken don ba masu amfani tare da ƙirar mai amfani mai hoto da kuma sa tsarin ya fi tsaro da samun dama. A cikin wannan nau'i na ƙira, aikace-aikacen gefen abokin ciniki yana hulɗa tare da aikace-aikacen gefen uwar garke, wanda sai yayi magana da tsarin bayanai.
27. A cikin ma'auni, menene kalmar "hashing" ke nufi?
Ana sanya kirtani na haruffa cikin maɓalli ko ƙima wanda ke wakiltar asalin kirtani amma galibi ana daidaita shi da ɗan ƙaramin tsayi. Tun da gano abu ta amfani da gajeriyar maɓalli mai hashed fiye da ƙimar asali yana da sauri, ana amfani da hashing don fiddawa da kuma dawo da abubuwa a cikin bayanan bayanai.
28. Wace rawa mai gudanar da bayanai ke yi a cikin DBMS?
Mai Gudanarwar Bayanai (DBA) yana da mahimman ayyuka masu zuwa a cikin DBMS:
- Saita da shigar da bayanai
- Hijira na bayanai
- Kimanta aikin
- Tsara da aiwatar da matakan tsaro
- Mai da bayanai da adanawa
- Shirya matsala
Kammalawa
An ba da tarin tambayoyin tambayoyi da amsoshi na DBMS a matsayin tunani ta yadda masu neman takara su iya fahimtar waɗannan tambayoyin cikin sauri da sauƙi.
A ƙarshe, mun bincika manyan tambayoyin tambayoyin DBMS waɗanda ake yawan yi a cikin ƙungiyoyi.
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