Ƙididdigar Ƙididdigar Ƙididdigar Ƙididdigar Ƙwararren Ƙwararren Ƙwararren Ƙwararren Ƙwararren Ƙwararren Ƙwararren Ƙwararren Ƙwararren Ƙwararren Ƙwararren Ƙwararren Ƙwararren Ƙwararren Ƙwararren Ƙwararren Ƙwararren Ƙwararren Ƙwararren Ƙwararren Ƙwaƙwalwa ta Ƙaddamarwa ce da ke amfani da ƙididdiga na ƙididdiga don magance matsalolin da suka wuce ikon kwamfutocin gargajiya.
Kamfanoni da yawa a yanzu suna ƙoƙarin samar da ainihin kayan aikin ƙididdigewa ga dubun dubatar masu haɓakawa, kayan aikin da masana kimiyya suka yi mafarkin kusan shekaru talatin da suka gabata.
Sakamakon haka, injiniyoyinmu suna yawan tura kwamfutoci masu ƙarfi masu ƙarfi, suna kusantar da mu ga saurin lissafin ƙididdiga da ƙarfin da ake buƙata don canza duniya.
A cikin wannan sakon, za mu yi nazari sosai kimanin lissafi da kayan aiki da tsarin da ke tafiya tare da shi, da kuma inda za su kasance a cikin 2022.
Menene Ƙididdigar Ƙididdigar Ƙididdiga?
Wadannan manyan kwamfutoci an gina su ne bisa ka’idojin superposition da entanglement, waxanda abubuwa ne guda biyu na ilmin lissafi na quantum. Kwamfutocin kwamfutoci yanzu suna iya yin ayyuka akan ƙima waɗanda suke umarni masu girma da sauri fiye da kwamfutocin gargajiya yayin amfani da ƙarancin kuzari.
A cikin 1980s, yanki na ƙididdigar ƙididdiga ya tashi. Daga nan sai aka bayyana cewa ma'ajin ƙididdiga na ƙididdiga sun fi dacewa fiye da na yau da kullum wajen magance wasu ayyukan kwamfuta.
Ƙididdigar ƙididdiga wani nau'i ne na kimiyyar kwamfuta wanda ke mayar da hankali kan ci gaban fasahar kwamfuta bisa ka'idar ƙididdiga. Yana yin amfani da ƙarfin ban mamaki na ƙwayoyin subatomic don wanzuwa a cikin jihohi da yawa a lokaci ɗaya, kamar 0 da 1. Suna da ikon sarrafa bayanai da yawa fiye da kwamfutoci na yau da kullun.
Ana amfani da yanayin ƙididdigewa na abu don ƙirƙirar qubit a cikin ayyukan ƙididdigewa. Qubits su ne ainihin raka'o'in bayanan ƙididdiga. A cikin ƙididdiga masu yawa, suna aiki iri ɗaya da bits ke yi a cikin kwamfutoci na yau da kullun, amma suna da bambanci sosai.
Ragowar al'ada binary ne kuma suna iya kiyaye matsayi na 0 ko 1 kawai, yayin da qubits na iya haɗawa da babban matsayi na duk yiwuwar jihohi.
Mafi kyawun Tsarin Tsara don Ƙididdigar Kwamfuta
1. Circq
Ƙungiyar Quantum AI ta Google ta gina Cirq. Ana amfani da shi don ƙira da haɓaka da'irori na ƙididdigewa waɗanda ake gwada su akan kwamfutoci masu yawa da na'urar kwaikwayo. Cirq yana da ban mamaki tunda yana ba da na'urorin haɓakawa waɗanda suke kama da waɗanda ake gani a rayuwa ta gaske.
Wannan yana nuna cewa ɗakin karatu yana aiki ta hanyar bayanan kayan masarufi da ke kewaye da NISQ (Noisy Intermediate-Scale Quantum) don mu tabbata cewa algorithm ko da'ira za a iya gudanar da ita a kan kwamfuta ta gaske bayan an gama ta.
Sakamakon haka, tana da yuwuwar a yi amfani da ita don ƙirƙirar da'irori masu daidaitawa da iya turawa. Hakanan yana da fasalulluka masu alaƙa. Manhajar da ke shigo da ita da fitar da na'urori masu yawa da simulations, misali.
Tsari don tsara kwamfutocin ƙididdiga waɗanda ke buɗe tushen. Cirq a Python fakitin software wanda ke ba ku damar ƙirƙira, sarrafa, da haɓaka da'irori na ƙididdigewa kafin aiwatar da su akan kwamfutoci masu yawa da na'urar kwaikwayo.
Cirq ingantaccen ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun bayanai ne don ma'amala da kwamfutocin ma'auni masu yawan hayaniya na yau, inda buƙatun kayan masarufi ke da mahimmanci don samun sakamako mai ƙima.
Features
- Daga ƙofofin da ke aiki akan qubits, zaku iya koyan yadda ake ƙirƙira da'irar ƙididdiga. Koyi abin da lokaci yake da kuma yadda dabaru daban-daban na sakawa zasu taimaka muku wajen gina da'irar da ta dace. Koyi yadda ake yanki da dice da'irori domin ƙirƙirar sabbin da'irar ingantattun da'irori.
- Ƙuntatawa na fasaha suna da tasiri mai mahimmanci akan ko za a iya aiwatar da da'ira akan kayan aikin zamani ko a'a. Koyi yadda ake tsara Sabis ɗin Lissafi na Quantum na Google da yadda ake ƙirƙirar na'urori don magance waɗannan iyakoki.
- Dukansu ayyukan igiyar ruwa da matrices masu yawa sun gina na'urorin kwaikwayo a cikin Cirq. Za a iya amfani da Monte Carlo ko cikakken matrix simulations don magance tashoshi masu yawan hayaniya.
- Don aiwatar da gwaje-gwaje akan na'urorin sarrafa ƙididdiga na Google, Cirq yana haɗin gwiwa tare da Sabis na Ƙididdigar Ƙididdigar.
2. ProjectQ
ETH Zurich ta ƙirƙira ProjectQ, ƙirar ƙirar ƙira mai ƙididdige tushen tushen software. Yana ba da ƙarfi kuma madaidaiciya syntax don masu amfani don ƙirƙirar aikace-aikacen ƙididdiga a cikin Python. ProjectQ na iya juyar da waɗannan rubutun zuwa kowane nau'i na ƙarshen baya, ko na'urar na'urar kwamfuta ce ta gargajiya ko na'ura mai ƙira.
ProjectQ na iya juyar da waɗannan aikace-aikacen zuwa kowane nau'i na baya-baya, kamar na'urar kwaikwayo ta kwamfuta ta gargajiya ko na'ura mai sarrafa ƙididdiga, kamar dandalin IBM Quantum Experience.
Features
- IT babban matakin ne harshen shirin don shirye-shiryen ƙididdiga.
- Yana da na'ura mai daidaitawa kuma mai daidaitawa.
- Har ila yau yana ba da adadin kayan aiki da kayan aiki na baya.
- Laburaren kwamfuta na adadi (FermiLib) don magance matsalolin haihuwa
- The IBM Quantum Experience guntu, na'urorin AQT, AWS Braket, da na'urorin da aka samar da sabis na IonQ duk ana iya amfani da su don gudanar da ƙididdiga masu yawa.
- A matakin mafi girma na abstraction, ana iya yin koyi da shirye-shiryen ƙididdigewa (misali, yin kwaikwayon ayyukan manyan bakamai maimakon haɗa su zuwa ƙananan ƙofofin)
- A kan kwamfutoci na gargajiya, ana iya kwaikwayon shirye-shiryen ƙididdiga.
3. Tensoflow Quantum
Tsarin Python TensorFlow Quantum (TFQ) don adadi ne injin inji. TFQ tsarin aikace-aikacen TensorFlow ne wanda ke ba da damar ƙididdige algorithm da masu binciken koyo na injin yin amfani da tsarin ƙididdigar ƙididdiga na Google kai tsaye daga TensorFlow.
TensorFlow Quantum shiri ne wanda ke mai da hankali kan bayanan ƙididdigewa da ƙirƙirar ƙirar ƙira-classical na zamani. Yana haɗa dabarun ƙididdige ƙididdiga na Cirq da dabaru tare da TensorFlow APIs, da kuma manyan na'urori masu ƙima na kewayawa.
Ana iya amfani da tsarin TFQ don gudanar da nau'ikan gargajiya da na matasan, kamar Quantum CNN (QCNN). Sakamakon haka, ana iya amfani da TFQ don kowace matsala da a baya ba za a iya amsawa ta amfani da hanyoyin gargajiya ba. Don amsa wasu matsalolin duniya na ainihi, fara da TFQ don ƙirƙirar ƙira ko ƙira-ƙira-ƙira-ƙirar ƙirar ƙirar ƙira.
Features
- Masu bincike za su iya amfani da TFQ don ƙirƙirar tenors ta amfani da ƙididdigar ƙididdiga, ƙirar ƙididdiga, da sigogin sarrafawa na al'ada a cikin hanyar sadarwa guda ɗaya.
- Ana amfani da tensors don adana bayanan ƙididdigewa (jerin lambobi masu girma dabam). Ana siffanta kowane tensor na ƙididdigar ƙididdiga a matsayin Cirq quantum circuit wanda ke ƙirƙirar bayanan ƙididdiga akan tashi.
- Mai binciken zai iya amfani da Cirq don yin ƙididdiga neural network wanda za a haɗa shi a cikin jadawali na TensorFlow daga baya.
- Ikon horarwa a lokaci guda da aiwatar da da'irori masu yawa shine babban fasalin TensorFlow Quantum.
4. Hankali
Perceval wani tsari ne na buɗaɗɗen tushe don tsara kwamfutocin photonic quantum wanda Perceval ya haɓaka, kasuwancin Faransanci wanda ke mai da hankali kan gina sabbin kwamfutoci masu ƙima dangane da sarrafa haske.
Perceval yana ba da kayan aiki don haɗa da'irori daga abubuwan haɗin kai tsaye, ma'anar tushen hoto guda ɗaya, sarrafa jihohin Fock, gudanar da simintin ƙididdiga, sake buga takaddun gwaji da aka buga, da gwaji tare da sabon ƙarni na ƙididdige algorithms ta hanyar Python API mai sauƙin abu.
Manufarta ita ce ta zama kayan aiki na haɗin gwiwa don gina da'irori na quantum photonic - don yin kwatancen da sabunta ƙirar su, ƙirar ƙira da ɗabi'a na gaske, da ba da madaidaiciyar hanyar sadarwa don sarrafa su ta hanyar ra'ayi na baya.
An inganta shi don yin aiki akan tebur na gida, tare da haɓakawa da yawa don gungu na HPC, kuma yana ba da dama ga ƙwararrun ƙofofin baya don ƙididdigewa da simintin ƙididdiga na ƙididdige ƙididdigewa a kan hanyoyin photonic.
Hakanan zaka iya amfani da adadi mai yawa na abubuwan da aka riga aka kera don ƙirƙirar algorithms da rikitattun da'irori na gani na layi. Ana samun damar ɗakin karatu na sanannun algorithms, da kuma darussan yadda ake amfani da su.
Hakanan zaka iya amfani da ƴan layukan lamba don aiwatar da gwaje-gwaje don daidaita algorithms, kwatanta da bayanan gwaji, da sake ƙirƙirar wallafe-wallafen da aka buga.
Features
- Gine-gine na nau'i-nau'i wanda aka keɓe gaba ɗaya zuwa ga na'urorin gani na layi da na'urorin ƙididdiga na photonic quantum
- Aikin buɗaɗɗen aiki ne tare da tsarin gine-ginen zamani wanda ke maraba da gudummawar al'umma.
- Yin amfani da babban ɗakin karatu na abubuwan da aka riga aka kera, ƙirƙira algorithms da rikitattun da'irori na gani na layi. Ana samun damar ɗakin karatu na sanannun algorithms, da kuma darussan yadda ake amfani da su.
- Gwada algorithms don daidaita su, kwatanta su da bayanan gwaji, da kwafi wallafe-wallafen da ke akwai a cikin ƴan layin lamba.
- Don yin koyi da ƙididdige algorithms akan da'irori na photonic, yi amfani da nagartattun abubuwan baya. An ƙera Perceval don aiki akan tebur na gida cikin sharuddan aiki na lambobi da na alama, tare da haɓakawa da yawa don gungu na HPC.
5. Qiskit
Mun san cewa idan muna magana ne game da fasahar zamani na gaba, IBM zai sami abin da zai bayar. Tabbas yana yi. QisKit dandalin buɗaɗɗen tushe don haɓaka software na ƙididdiga.
Qiskit tsarin software ne na IBM wanda ke sauƙaƙa wa masu amfani don koyo akai kimanin lissafi. Saboda kwamfutoci masu yawa suna da wahalar zuwa, zaku iya amfani da mai ba da girgije kamar kayan aikin Qiskit na IBM don samun dama ga ɗaya.
Yana da cikakken kyauta don amfani, kuma duk lambar tana Bude tushen. Akwai littafin karatu na kan layi wanda ke koya muku duk mahimman abubuwan kimiyyar lissafi, wanda ke da matukar amfani ga masu farawa waɗanda ba su da masaniya da batun.
Ana iya amfani da kwamfutoci masu ƙididdigewa a matakin bugun jini, da'irori, da samfuran aikace-aikace.
Features
- Masu amfani da matakai daban-daban na iya amfani da Qiskit don bincike da haɓaka aikace-aikace saboda ya zo tare da cikakken tarin ƙofofin ƙididdiga da kewayon da'irori da aka riga aka gina.
- Kuna iya amfani da lokacin Runtime na Qiskit don daidaita aikace-aikacen ƙididdiga akan CPUs na tushen girgije, QPUs, da GPUs, da kuma gudanar da jadawalin ayyukan akan ainihin na'urori masu sarrafa ƙima.
- Mai watsawa yana jujjuya lambar Qiskit zuwa ingantacciyar da'ira ta amfani da saitin ƙofa na asali na baya, yana bawa masu amfani damar ƙira don kowane injin ƙira ko gine-gine tare da mafi ƙarancin bayanai.
Kammalawa
A taƙaice, kwamfutoci masu ƙididdigewa za su iya shiga cikin sauri dabarun ɓoyayye na yau a cikin ɗan gajeren lokaci, yayin da mafi girman kwamfutoci da ake iya samu yanzu yana ɗaukar shekaru.
Duk da cewa kwamfutocin kwamfutoci za su iya fashe da yawa daga cikin tsare-tsaren ɓoyewa na yau, ana sa ran za su ƙirƙiro hanyoyin da za su iya hana kutse. Kwamfutocin Quantum suna da ban mamaki wajen magance matsalolin ingantawa.
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