Bayan barkewar cutar, an sami ƙaruwa mai yawa a cikin haɓakar app ta wayar hannu, haɓaka amfani da kayan aikin haɓaka ƙa'idodin dandamali kamar Flutter.
Duk da shahararsa, Flutter yana da lahani da yawa. Don haka, masu haɓakawa suna neman ingantattun hanyoyin.
Kafin mu tattauna wasu mafi kyawun madadin Flutter a can, bari mu sami ƙarin bayani game da Flutter.
Mene ne Mai Fushi?
Flutter, wanda aka gabatar a watan Mayu 2017, shine kayan aikin UI na Google don ƙirƙirar ƙayatattun ƙa'idodi na asali don wayar hannu, gidan yanar gizo, da tebur daga tushe guda ɗaya.
A taƙaice, yana ba ku damar gina aikace-aikacen wayar hannu ta asali tare da lambar lamba ɗaya. Ma'ana za ku iya zana apps guda biyu daban-daban ta amfani da yaren shirye-shirye guda ɗaya da codebase (na iOS da Android).
Dart, yaren shirye-shirye, ana amfani dashi don ƙirƙirar ƙa'idodin Flutter. Babban manufar Flutter, a gefe guda, ya ta'allaka ne akan widgets. Yin amfani da widget din, masu amfani na iya ƙirƙirar cikakken mahallin mai amfani.
Ana rarraba widget din cikin abubuwa na tsari, abubuwan ado, abubuwan shimfidar UI, da sauransu.
Flutter gabaɗayan kayan haɓaka software ne wanda ya haɗa da injunan samarwa, CLI (kayan aikin ƙirar layin umarni), kayan aikin haɓakawa, widget din gabaɗaya, gwaji, babban kuskure tare da tallafin plugin, mai duba bishiyar widget, musaya na API, da ƙari mai yawa.
Fasalolin Maɓalli na Flutter
- Ci Gaban sauri: Flutter yana da fasali da yawa waɗanda ke taimakawa masu haɓaka ƙirƙira da tura ƙa'idodi cikin sauri, gami da takaddun layi. Yawancin mahimman tsari da abubuwan da ke cikin app an riga an gina su azaman widgets a cikin fiɗa, kuma mafi mahimmancin fasalin, sakewa mai zafi na yanayi, wanda ke adana lokaci mai yawa ta barin app ɗin ya sake ginawa cikin ƙasa da daƙiƙa guda.
- Ayyukan Ƙasa: Ɗaya daga cikin mafi kyawun al'amuran game da flutter shine cewa shi ne tushen tushe, yana barin duk wanda ke da isasshen hankali don ba da gudummawa ga ci gabansa. Sakamakon haka, flutter ya sami babban aiki wanda galibi yakan yi kyau kamar ƙa'idodin ƙa'idodin asali.
- Mahimman Bayanai da Mai Sauƙi Mai Sauƙi (UI): Kyakkyawan ƙirar mai amfani (UI) dole ne ya zama muhimmin al'amari na kowane fasaha na haɓaka app akan kasuwa. Duk da haka, tare da taimakon da m jirgin fasali kamar kayan zane, wanda taimaka app bayyana kyau kwarai ba tare da wani aiki, flutter ya tura shi zuwa wani matakin.
- Ayyukan dandali: Mafi kyawun fasalin Flutter shine lokacin da kuka ƙirƙiri app ta hannu, kuna samun yanar gizo da app ɗin tebur.
Abubuwan Ciwo na Flutter
Flutter yana da wasu manyan fasali. Koyaya, abubuwa da yawa suna hana masu haɓaka amfani da shi. Waɗannan sun haɗa da:
- Dole ne masu haɓakawa su ɗauki ɗan lokaci suna koyon sabon yaren shirye-shirye saboda an gina dandalin akan Dart.
- Idan kuna son ƙirƙirar aikace-aikace tare da takamaiman damar na'urar, Flutter ba na ku bane.
- Bugu da ƙari, wasu masu haɓakawa sun ce Flutter ba shi da tasiri don ƙirƙirar ƙa'idodin kasuwanci masu rikitarwa.
Don duk waɗannan dalilai, neman mafi kyawun madadin Flutter na iya zama shawara mai hikima.
1. Sake sake 'yan ƙasar
Sake sake 'yan ƙasar yana ba ku damar ƙirƙirar aikace-aikacen hannu gaba ɗaya cikin JavaScript. Yana da ra'ayi iri ɗaya da React kuma yana ba ku damar ƙirƙirar UI na wayar hannu mai haɓaka ta amfani da abubuwan bayyanawa.
Ba ka yin aikace-aikacen gidan yanar gizo ta hannu, ƙa'idar HTML5, ko ƙa'idodin ƙa'idar tare da React Native; ka yi gaskiya ta wayar hannu app wanda ba a iya bambanta da wanda aka yi da Objective-C ko Java.
Mahimman abubuwan haɗin ginin UI a cikin React Native daidai suke da daidaitattun ƙa'idodin iOS da Android. Kawai kun haɗa waɗannan guntun tare da JavaScript da React.
Tare da wannan tsarin, zaku iya ƙirƙirar mafi girman ƙa'idodi don dandamali da yawa ta amfani da tushe guda ɗaya. React Native Framework, buɗaɗɗen tushe, tsarin wayar hannu na giciye, an buga shi a cikin 2015.
Saboda iyawar sa da fa'idodinsa, da sauri ya zama ɗaya daga cikin manyan dandamali na aikace-aikacen hannu na dandamali. Koyaya, ƙarin adadin masu haɓakawa suna juyawa zuwa React Native don ƙirƙirar aikace-aikacen dandamali masu ƙarfi.
Features
- Dandalin da yake bude-source.
- Sake amfani da lambar amsawa ta Live.
- Gine-ginen da ke daidaitacce kuma mai sauƙin amfani.
ribobi
- Saurin ginawa - Ragewar lokacin haɓaka shine babban fasalin React Native. Tsarin ya ƙunshi ɓangarorin da aka shirya don amfani da yawa waɗanda zasu iya taimakawa haɓaka aikin.
- Tsarin tsari ɗaya, dandamali da yawa - React Native yana ba ku damar sake amfani da lambar lambar ku (ko wani ɓangarensa) tsakanin iOS da Android. Ya danganta da adadin ƙirar asali da aka yi amfani da su a cikin shirin ku, haɓakar dandamali na gaskiya yana da yuwuwa zuwa ɗan lokaci.
- Ƙungiyoyin ƙanana - Haɓaka na asali don Android da iOS suna kira don kafa ƙungiyoyi biyu masu zaman kansu. Zai iya hana haɗin gwiwar masu haɓakawa kuma, a sakamakon haka, rage ci gaba. Idan kun zaɓi React Native, da farko za ku so a Mai haɓaka JavaScript wanda zai iya rubuta code don dandamali biyu.
- Sauƙaƙe UI - React Native yana da tsayin daka wajen ƙirƙirar ƙirar mai amfani da wayar hannu. Kuna buƙatar gina jerin ayyuka a cikin shirin yayin haɓakar ɗan ƙasa. Saboda RN yana amfani da shirye-shiryen bayyanawa, irin wannan jerin aiwatar da ayyuka baya zama dole. Sakamakon haka, kurakuran hanyoyin da mai amfani zai iya tafiya sun fi sauƙin ganewa.
fursunoni
- Daidaituwa da al'amurran da suka shafi cirewa - Masu haɓakawa na iya fuskantar matsaloli iri-iri tare da dacewa da kunshin ko kayan aikin gyarawa. Idan masu haɓaka ku ba su ƙware da React Native ba, wannan na iya yin illa ga ci gaban ku yayin da suke ɗaukar lokaci don warware matsalar.
- Bukatar masu haɓaka ƴan ƙasa - Wasu fasalulluka na asali da kayayyaki suna buƙatar ƙwarewa mai zurfi na takamaiman dandamali. Rashin goyon bayan bayan-akwatin don yawancin damar aikace-aikacen asali (misali, sanarwar sanarwa) a da ya kasance babban damuwa game da ci gaban 'Yan Asalin React.
2. Ionic
Ionic shi ne buɗaɗɗen tushen kayan aikin UI don ƙirƙirar ƙa'idodin wayar hannu masu inganci, ƙa'idodin tebur, da aikace-aikacen gidan yanar gizo masu ci gaba ta amfani da fasahar yanar gizo kamar HTML, CSS, da JavaScript.
Ƙarshen gaba ne SDK tsarin da ke ba ku damar gina aikace-aikacen hannu don iOS, Windows, da na'urorin Android ta amfani da codebase iri ɗaya.
Ya tabbatar da zama kayan aiki na shirye-shirye na giciye don na'urorin hannu. Yana ba masu shirye-shirye damar ƙirƙirar sau ɗaya kuma su gudu a ko'ina.
Ionic haƙiƙa tsarin haɓaka app ne na wayar hannu don HTML5 wanda ke mai da hankali kan aikace-aikacen gauraye. Ionic ya fi damuwa da ƙwarewar mai amfani na gaba, ko hulɗar UI, wanda ke da alhakin bayyanar da jin daɗin app ɗin gaba ɗaya.
Sigar farko ta wannan tsarin, dangane da Angular JS da Apache Cordova, an sake shi a cikin 2013, kuma kyakkyawan bayani ne wanda yayi kama da Flutter ta wasu hanyoyi.
Yana da sauƙin fahimta kuma yana iya aiki tare da wasu ɗakunan karatu ko tsarin kamar Angular, Cordova, da sauransu. Hakanan ana iya amfani da shi ba tare da tsarin gaba-gaba ta amfani da haɗa rubutun mai sauƙi ba. Yana da ƙirar layin umarni wanda ke ba ku damar gina shirin yayin rage lokacin coding.
Features
- Abubuwan haɗin CSS- Waɗannan abubuwan haɗin gwiwa, tare da kamanninsu na asali da jin daɗinsu, suna ba da kusan duk guntun da aikace-aikacen wayar hannu ke buƙata. Za'a iya canza salon tsohowar kayan aikin don dacewa da ƙirar ku.
- Ionic CLI - Wannan kayan aikin NodeJS ne wanda ke ƙunshe da umarni don ƙaddamarwa, haɓakawa, gudana, da kwaikwayon ƙa'idodin Ionic.
- AngularJS - AngularJS Ionic yana gina ingantattun ƙa'idodin shafi guda ɗaya waɗanda aka keɓance don na'urorin hannu ta amfani da gine-ginen AngularJS MVC.
- Cordova plugins - Apache Cordova plugins suna ba da API ɗin da ake buƙata don haɓaka ayyukan na'urar ta asali tare da lambar JavaScript.
ribobi
- Idan aka kwatanta da aikace-aikacen iOS/Android na asali, yana ba da damar haɓaka cikin sauri.
- Ban da wasu tallafin plugin, yana ba ku damar gina ƙa'idodi don tsarin aiki da yawa ta amfani da codebase iri ɗaya.
- Yana ba da damar gwaji mai sauƙi na kayayyaki da abubuwan haɗin gwiwa.
- Yana da plugins da yawa da abubuwan sake amfani da su.
- Ya ƙunshi nau'ikan abubuwan UI iri-iri kuma yana ba da damar yin samfuri cikin sauri.
- Yana ba da plethora na plugins don ƙirƙirar ƙarin aikace-aikacen hannu masu ƙarfi.
- Za ku sami abubuwa da yawa na UI waɗanda zasu sauƙaƙa don amfani da sarrafawa.
fursunoni
- Gyara matsala na iya zama da wahala ta amfani da ionic, kuma yana ɗaukar lokaci mai tsawo don magance matsalar. Yana sa tantance musabbabin kuskuren ya zama mai wahala, kuma saƙon kuskuren na iya zama da shubuha a wasu lokuta.
- Ya haɗa da wasu plugins na asali waɗanda ƙila ba su da aminci kuma suna iya yin karo da juna.
- Idan kuna haɓaka ƙa'idodin ƙa'idodi, ƙila ku gamu da matsalolin tsaro kuma lambar ku na iya zama mai rauni ga hackers.
- Lokacin haɓaka ƙaƙƙarfan aikace-aikacen hannu masu rikitarwa da kayan aiki, ƙila a sami wasu abubuwan damuwa na aiki.
- Idan ka fara da tsarin ionic, dole ne ka dogara da plugins don samun damar ayyukan ɗan ƙasa.
3. Cordova
Apache Cordova shine tsarin buɗaɗɗen tushe wanda ke ba masu haɓaka gidan yanar gizo damar yin amfani da abubuwan HTML, CSS, da JavaScript da ke wanzu don ƙirƙirar aikace-aikacen asali don kewayon na'urorin hannu.
Cordova yana amfani da WebView na asali don yin aikin gidan yanar gizon ku. WebView wani bangare ne na aikace-aikace (mai kama da maɓalli ko mashaya shafi) wanda ke nuna abun cikin yanar gizo a cikin shirin na asali.
Yi la'akari da Yanar Gizo don zama mai binciken gidan yanar gizo ba tare da kowane nau'in fasalin mahallin mai amfani ba kamar filin URL ko sandar matsayi.
Nitobi kuma ya ƙirƙiri Cordova, wanda shine ingantaccen tsarin haɓaka aikace-aikacen.
Aikace-aikacen gidan yanar gizon da ke aiki a cikin wannan kwantena yana aiki daidai da kowace aikace-aikacen gidan yanar gizo da ke gudana akan mashigar wayar hannu-zai iya buɗe ƙarin shafukan HTML, yin lambar JavaScript, kunna fayilolin mai jarida, da sadarwa tare da sabar waje.
Wannan nau'i na aikace-aikacen hannu wani lokaci ana kiransa aikace-aikacen hybrid. An tattara ƙa'idodin Cordova azaman aikace-aikacen na'urar hannu waɗanda ke da damar yin amfani da APIs na na'urorin na asali. Wannan tsarin kuma yana ba da damar haɗuwa da snippets na asali da na gauraye.
Features
- Abubuwan Mahimman Abubuwan Cordova: Cordova ya ƙunshi nau'ikan abubuwan asali waɗanda kowane aikace-aikacen hannu ke buƙata. Waɗannan ɓangarorin suna ba da tushen ƙa'idar, suna ba mu damar mai da hankali kan haɓaka dabarun kanmu.
- Cordova Plugins: Yana ba da API don haɗa ayyukan wayar hannu ta asali cikin aikin JavaScript. Waɗannan plugins suna ba da damar shirin samun damar ayyukan na'ura kamar kyamara, baturi, lambobin sadarwa, da sauransu.
- Interface Interface (CLI): Wannan mai amfani yana kula da ƙirƙirar matakai da shigar da plugins don dandamali daban-daban. Ana amfani da shi don fara shirye-shirye da kuma sa tsarin ci gaba ya tafi cikin kwanciyar hankali.
ribobi
- Abu ne mai sauƙi don koyo kuma ana iya amfani dashi don ƙirƙirar aikace-aikacen dandamali.
- Yana da kyauta kuma bude dandali.
- Ci gaban aikace-aikacen Cordova yana da sauri tunda ya zama ƙa'idar da ta dace da dandamali daban-daban.
- Yana ba ku damar ƙirƙirar ƙa'idodi don dandamali da yawa ba tare da koyon sabbin harsunan shirye-shirye ba.
- Tarin kayan aikin da aka riga aka ginawa waɗanda ke ba da damar shiga kyamarar na'urar, GPS, da tsarin fayil.
fursunoni
- Gudun sa yana wahala saboda gudanar da lambar sa a cikin mashigar mashigar.
- Bai dace da manyan ƙa'idodi ba tunda ƙa'idodin ƙa'idodin ƙa'idodin sun fi hankali fiye da na asali apps.
- Ba shi da kyau don haɓaka aikace-aikacen caca tunda yana buƙatar manyan plugins da yawa waɗanda ba su samuwa a yanzu.
4. Xamarin
Xamarin dandamali ne na buɗaɗɗen tushe don haɓaka ƙa'idodi na yau da kullun na performact.net don iOS, Android, da Windows.
Ana iya rubuta ƙa'idodin Xamarin akan PC ko Mac sannan a haɗa su cikin fakitin aikace-aikacen asali kamar fayil ɗin apk na Android ko an.ipa na iOS.
An ƙirƙira shi don masu haɓakawa waɗanda ke son raba lamba, gwaji, da dabarun kasuwanci a cikin dandamali da ƙirƙirar ƙa'idodin giciye a cikin C # ta amfani da Kayayyakin Kayayyakin Kayayyakin Kayayyakin.
Kuna iya ƙirƙirar aikace-aikacen wayar hannu tare da kamanni na asali da jin daɗi gaba ɗaya. A cikin Xamarin, zaku iya gina tushen lambar C # guda ɗaya wanda ke da damar yin amfani da duk ayyukan SDK na asali.
Wannan tsarin yana baiwa masu haɓaka damar rubuta duk dabarun kasuwancin su a cikin yare ɗaya (ko sake amfani da lambar aikace-aikacen data kasance) yayin da suke samun aikin asali, bayyanar, da jin daɗin dandamali.
Features
- Cikakken ɗaurin SDK- Xamarin yana da ɗauri don kusan dukkanin SDKs masu tushe a cikin iOS da Android. Bugu da ƙari, waɗannan binciken ana buga su sosai, wanda ke nufin suna da sauƙi don kewayawa da amfani, kuma suna ba da damar bincika nau'in ƙira a lokacin gini da lokacin haɓakawa. Haɗaɗɗen da aka buga da ƙarfi suna haifar da ƙarancin kurakurai na lokacin aiki da shirye-shirye masu inganci.
- Gina harshe na zamani- ƙa'idodin Xamarin an rubuta su a cikin C #, yare na zamani tare da fa'idodi masu yawa akan Objective-C da Java, kamar ƙarfin harshe mai ƙarfi, ginanniyar ayyuka kamar lambdas, LINQ, shirye-shiryen layi ɗaya, ƙa'idodi, da ƙari.
- Tallafin-dandamali don na'urorin hannu- Xamarin yana ba da cikakkiyar daidaituwar dandamali don manyan dandamali uku na iOS, Android, da Windows. Tare da Xamarin, ana iya haɓaka aikace-aikace don raba har zuwa 90% na lambar su. Mahimmanci yana ba da API ɗin bai ɗaya don samun damar yin amfani da albarkatun da aka raba a duk fafutuka uku. Ga masu haɓaka wayar hannu, lambar da aka raba na iya rage tsadar ci gaba da kuma lokacin kasuwa.
- Laburaren Ƙarfafa Base Class Library (BCL) - Ka'idodin Xamarin suna amfani da fa'idar NET BCL, babban saiti na azuzuwan tare da fa'ida mai fa'ida da ingantattun damar da suka haɗa da XML mai ƙarfi, Database, Serialization, IO, String, da tallafin hanyar sadarwa, da sauransu. Za a iya haɗa lambar C# da ta wanzu don amfani a cikin ƙa'idar, ba da damar samun damar zuwa ɗaruruwan ɗakunan karatu waɗanda ke ƙara ƙarfin BCL.
ribobi
- Gajeren zagayowar ci gaba- Ɗaya daga cikin fa'idodin haɓakar ƙa'idar Xamarin shine cewa ana iya sake amfani da kashi 90% na lambar don ƙirƙirar aikace-aikace don dandamalin wayar hannu da yawa. An gina Bing tare da C # da lambar asali. Laburaren yanar gizo da haɓaka app na Xamarin suna taimakawa don adana babban adadin lokaci da aiki. Yana rage lokutan ci gaba yayin ƙirƙirar ƙa'idodi don dandamali da yawa.
- Cikakken tallafin na'ura (watau kamara, GPS) - Kamar yadda Xamarin ke samar da ayyukan aikace-aikacen matakin-yan ƙasa, yana guje wa abubuwan da suka dace da hardware, plugins, da APIs. Hakanan yana ba ku damar haɗi tare da ɗakunan karatu na asali. Masu haɓakawa na iya ƙirƙirar aikace-aikace tare da ayyukan na'ura gama gari, kuma irin waɗannan ƙa'idodin za su yi aiki ba tare da wani lahani ba a duk manyan dandamali. Za'a iya samun ingantacciyar keɓancewa da ƙwarewa kamar ɗan ƙasa don ayyukan haɓaka ƙa'idar Xamarin tare da ƙananan kashe kuɗi.
- Open source fasaha tare da goyon baya mai ƙarfi- Bayan Microsoft ta siyan Xamarin, an sami sauye-sauyen manufofi. Xamarin SDK ya buɗe tushen, kuma yanzu yana samuwa ga kowa da kowa a ƙarƙashin lasisin MIT. Dandalin ya girma cikin shahara yayin da aka cire babban shingen - siyan lasisi. Xamarin ya samo asali zuwa wani abin dogaro kuma mai ƙarfi takin fasaha don hanyoyin ci gaban aikace-aikacen giciye-dandamali.
fursunoni
- Ci gaban UI yana ɗaukar lokaci - Yayin da yawancin software na Xamarin za a iya sake amfani da su a duk faɗin dandamali, ainihin ginin UI bai riga ya zama mai ɗaukar hoto ba. Ana iya buƙatar masu haɓakawa don gudanar da wasu coding ko aiki a kan dandamali daban-daban, wanda hanya ce mai ɗaukar lokaci.
- Girman fayil na iya buƙatar gyara - Masu haɓakawa na iya buƙatar yin canje-canje ga girman fayil ɗin app. Babban dalilin wannan shine amfani da babban ɗakin karatu da ayyuka yana sanya matsi mai mahimmanci akan kantin sayar da app. Kafin ƙaddamar da app ɗin ku na Xamarin zuwa kantin kayan masarufi mai dacewa, yakamata ku tabbatar yana da girman fayil ɗin app mai ma'ana. Girman yawanci ya bambanta daga 3MB zuwa 15MB.
Kammalawa
Don haka, waɗannan su ne wasu manyan hanyoyin Flutter da za a yi la'akari da su yayin zayyana aikace-aikacen dandamali masu sauƙi kuma masu kyau.
Koyaya, kafin yanke shawara, yana da mahimmanci a bincika halayen app ɗin ku saboda wannan zai gaya muku tsarin da ya fi dacewa da shi.
A ƙarshe, zaɓin mafita ɗin ku yakamata ya dogara ne akan kowace falsafar da kuka shiga, a ina da yadda kuke son tura app ɗin ku, da waɗanne hazaka da kuke da su yanzu ko kuke son samu a nan gaba.
Tabbas, hanya mafi kyau don sanin wanda ya dace da ku shine fara haɓakawa tare da duka sannan ku kwatanta sakamakonku.
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