Teburin Abubuwan Ciki[Boye][Nuna]
Wayoyin wayoyi a yau suna amfani da tsarin aiki iri-iri, suna ba masu amfani damar zaɓar dandalin da ya fi dacewa da buƙatun su da abubuwan da suke so.
Don siyar da shirye-shiryen gasa da isa ga mafi yawan masu sauraro, dole ne ku yi la'akari da iyawa da buƙatun duk manyan tsarin aiki, gami da Android, iOS, da Windows.
Wannan yana nufin cewa dole ne ku samar da nau'ikan shirye-shirye da yawa na wannan shirin, kuna bata lokaci mai yawa, kuɗi, da ƙoƙarin da za'a kashe akan wasu ayyuka?
Kayan aikin haɓaka ƙa'idodin ƙa'idar giciye suna sauƙaƙe wannan ƙoƙarin ta hanyar ba da ayyukan da ake buƙata don ginawa da kula da tushe guda ɗaya na duniya.
Amma, menene game da dandalin ci gaban ƙa'idar ta asali? Shin sun gaza a gaban dandamalin ci gaban giciye?
Bari mu bincika tsarin giciye-dandamali kwatanta React Native (dandalin ci gaban giciye), Swift (don ci gaban iOS), da ci gaban Android don samun amsa.
Tsare-tsare Tsare-tsare
Masu haɓakawa suna amfani da tsarin giciye don ƙirƙirar shirye-shiryen da ke gudana akan dandamali da yawa. Irin waɗannan shirye-shiryen, alal misali, suna iya aiki akan Android da iOS.
Da zarar an rubuta lambar ƙa'idar, ana iya rarraba ta zuwa tsarin aiki da yawa. Wannan aikin yana ba masu haɓaka damar yin aiki da sauri, inganci, da dogaro.
Manufar ci gaban giciye-dandamali shine samarwa mobile apps waɗanda suka dace da dandamali da yawa.
Sakamakon haka, yana aiki akai-akai a duk na'urori. Yana da mahimmanci don bambance tsakanin tsarin giciye da shirye-shiryen matasan. A cikin ci gaban wayar hannu ta dandamali, ana amfani da abubuwan asali na asali don haɓaka aiki, musamman a cikin mu'amalar mai amfani.
Akwai nau'o'in ci gaban giciye guda biyu: wanda za'a iya gudanar da shi nan da nan akan tsari iri-iri, da kuma wanda ke buƙatar gina kowane dandamali daban-daban. Harshen shirye-shirye da kayan aikin da ake amfani da su don gina ƙa'idar suna bayyana nau'in ƙa'idar da ake samarwa.
Wasu fa'idodin ci gaban dandamali sune kamar haka.
- Sake amfani da lambar: Masu haɓakawa za su iya gina tushe guda ɗaya kuma suyi amfani da shi don gina shirye-shirye don yawancin tsarin aiki da sauran aikace-aikace. Wannan aikin yana sauƙaƙa da kula da lambobin masu haɓakawa.
- Rage lokacin kasuwa: Yana baiwa masu haɓakawa damar ƙira da tura ƙa'idodi da sauri fiye da kowane lokaci. Da gaske yana rage lokacin kasuwa.
- Yana rage kashe kuɗin ci gaba: Tsare-tsare-tsare-tsare yana ƙaddamar da ƙananan farashin ci gaban app ta hanyar sauƙaƙe hanyoyin haɓakawa da rage tsawon lokacin aikin gabaɗaya.
- Ayyuka da gogewa kwatankwacin aikace-aikacen asali: Fito da aikin ƙa'idodin ƙa'idodin sun yi kama da na ƙa'idodin ƙa'idodin asali. Sakamakon haka, masu haɓakawa na iya ƙirƙira ƙa'idodi da sauri ba tare da rasa saurin gudu ko ƙwarewar mai amfani ba.
Mene ne React-Dan ƙasa?
React Native shine tsarin haɓaka JavaScript na dandamali don ƙirƙirar ƙa'idodin Android da iOS masu kama da asali. Ya kasance ɗaya daga cikin fitattun tsare-tsare don gina ƙa'idodin giciye-dandamali a tsawon shekaru.
React Native yana ba da ƙarin cikakkun bayanai da ingantaccen tallafi fiye da Swift. Hakanan za'a iya sake amfani da lambar sa don kan layi da aikace-aikacen tebur.
Wanda ya kafa Facebook a baya ya ce kamfanin sadarwar ya yi babban kuskure ta hanyar zabar manhajar HTML-5 fiye da na asali. Daga nan ya ba wa masu amfani da dandalin sada zumunta tabbacin samun ingantacciyar gogewar wayar hannu.
Bayan haka, Jordan Walke, injiniyan Facebook, ya ƙirƙira hanyar ƙirƙirar abubuwan haɗin UI don dandamalin wayar hannu ta amfani da zaren JavaScript na baya. Bayan haka, Facebook ya dauki bakuncin Hackathon don haɓaka samfura don haɓaka ƙa'idodin asali.
Wannan jerin abubuwan sun haifar da sakin sigar farko ta React Native a cikin 2015. A wannan lokacin, Facebook ya fara amfani da React Native a cikin aikace-aikacen samarwa.
Ba da amsa ayyuka na 'yan ƙasa daidai da ReactJs, ban da cewa baya buƙatar Virtual Dom don sarrafa DOM. Yana aiki da hankali a bayan tsarin na'urorin abokin ciniki, yana mai da JavaScript yuwuwar yare ga masu haɓakawa.
Hakanan zai iya kafa sadarwar da ba ta dace ba tare da na'urori na asali ta amfani da gadar batch da serialization. Mai da martani ga masu haɓaka ƴan ƙasa suna gina lamba a cikin JavaScript da JSX syntax.
Amsa Fa'idodin Ƙasar
- Babban Ayyuka: React Native yana da suna don ƙirƙirar ƙa'idodin da ke aiki da kyau ta hanyar amfani da na'urori da masu sarrafawa na asali. RN yana haɗawa da abubuwan haɗin tushen tsarin aiki kuma yana samar da lamba ta amfani da APIs na asali. Babban gudun React Native saboda ikonsa na kafa zaren waɗanda suka bambanta da UIs da APIs na asali. Kodayake React Native na iya amfani da WebView, saurin app ɗin yana wahala a sakamakon.
- Saurin Saukewa: Tare da wannan damar, masu haɓaka React Native zasu iya ganin canje-canje ga lambar app a cikin taga samfoti cikin sauri. Canza UI daga lambar ku baya buƙatar sake gina aikace-aikacenku. Wannan kuma yana ba da gudummawa ga saurin haɓakawa da fitar da gyara.
- Module: Tsarin gine-ginen na React Native yana raba ayyukan shirin zuwa sassa kyauta masu motsi waɗanda aka sani da kayayyaki. Ƙwaƙwalwar, mafi girman aiki tare, da sabunta wannan fasaha duk fa'idodi ne. Masu haɓakawa za su iya amfani da wannan aikin don ba da sabuntawar ƙa'idar kan-da- tashi. Bugu da ƙari, samfuran ana iya sake amfani da su, kamar rubutun sake amfani da su da APIs na Yanar Gizo.
- Fadada fasali a Rahusa: React Native yana sauƙaƙa ƙara sabbin fasalulluka zuwa ƙa'idodin da ke akwai akan farashi mai rahusa. Yana da sauƙi kamar allurar abubuwan UI a cikin shirin da ke akwai maimakon sake fasalin shi gaba ɗaya. Lokacin da kake son ƙara sabbin abubuwa zuwa ƙa'idar ba tare da sake gina ta gaba ɗaya ba, wannan aikin yana zuwa da amfani.
- Saurin Sabunta App: React Native ya sauƙaƙa tsarin haɓaka aikace-aikace, cire buƙatun kowane app don samun nasa tsarin ginawa. Sabuntawar iska (OTA) hanya ce mai sauri, mafi sauƙi, kuma mafi kwanciyar hankali don masu haɓaka ƴan ƙasa da masu amfani da app don sabunta ƙa'idodin su. Ko da shirin yana gudana, ta wannan hanya, zai iya sadar da sabuntawa. Abubuwan sabuntawa, a gefe guda, suna samuwa a lokacin da aka ƙaddamar da app na gaba. Don sanya shi a sauƙaƙe, masu amfani da app ba sa buƙatar sabunta aikace-aikacen su ta kantin sayar da app.
Amsa Iyakokin Ƙasa
- Har yanzu a cikin yanayin haɓakarsa: A sakamakon haka, har yanzu yana da doguwar tafiya game da shi kwaro gyare-gyare, jigilar kayan aiki na asali, da haɓaka aiki. Duk da yake rashin balaga na React Native ba shine mai warware yarjejeniya ba, yana iyakance yuwuwar sa. Ka tuna cewa koyaushe ana inganta dandamali, don haka dole ne ka sabunta React Native akai-akai. A sakamakon haka, ba zai iya zama kyakkyawan mafita na dogon lokaci don kiyaye app ba.
- Ya dogara da yaren asali: Don gina ayyukan da babu su a cikin React Native, masu haɓakawa dole ne su rubuta ƙirar asali. Samfuran na asali suna aiki azaman gada tsakanin lambar asali da lambar React Native. Sakamakon haka, lokacin haɓaka ƙa'idar a cikin React Native, dole ne ku koyi coding na asali. In ba haka ba, kuna buƙatar taimakon mai haɓakawa na asali.
- Harshen da aka buga a hankali: Yayin da amfani da React Native na sanannen JavaScript yana da fa'ida, yana da asara. JavaScript, kasancewar yaren da aka buga mai kyau, baya buƙatar amfani da fayyace masu canji da muhawara a ayyuka. Maɓalli na iya, bisa manufa, riƙe wani abu. Wannan hatsarin tsaro ne.
- Abubuwan damuwa na dogon lokaci: Damuwa game da tallafin dogon lokaci na dandamali yana haifar da haɗari. React Native ba shiri ne don amfani ko tsari ba; yana buƙatar gyare-gyare mai gudana don zama taimako don haɓaka ƙa'idar. Aikace-aikacen da ke aiki akan dandamali za su zama masu tsayayye idan Facebook ya daina tallafawa React Native.
Shahararrun Aikace-aikacen Yan Asalin React
- Walmart
- Bloomberg
- Skype
- Abincin abinci
- Airbnb
- Microsoft OneDrive
- Zama
Mene ne Swift?
Swift harshe ne na zamani, na gaba ɗaya, kuma yaren shirye-shirye iri-iri da Apple ya ƙera don amfani da shi wajen haɓaka na'urori masu ƙarfi da iOS da yanayin yanayin da ke kewaye da su.
Yana da ban mamaki harshen shirin don ƙirƙirar apps don iOS, watchOS, Mac, tvOS, da ƙari da yawa. Yana da sauƙi don koyo. Keɓancewar shirye-shiryen Swift yana da mu'amala kuma mai sauƙi saboda yana ɗaukar ma'anar ma'anar ma'amala da ma'amala.
Yana ƙara sabbin abubuwa koyaushe don taimakawa masu haɓakawa wajen ƙirƙirar ƙa'idodin zamani. Lambobin Swift sanannu ne don tsaro, kuma shirye-shiryen su suna da sauri sosai.
Fa'idodin Gaggawa
- Babban aminci/aiki: Gine-gine na Swift yana jaddada haɓaka aiki tun lokacin da aka haɓaka shi don yin gasa tare da Manufar-C-. An ce yana da mafi girman aiki 40% a lokacin ƙaddamar da shi a hukumance. Yawancin bincike sun goyi bayan wannan da'awar.
- Scalability: Swift yana ba ku tabbacin cewa koyaushe zaku iya ƙara sabbin abubuwa kuma haɓaka aikinku cikin sauƙi lokacin da buƙata ta taso.
- Ci gaba cikin sauri: Ci gaba da sauri yana da sauri tunda harshe ne mai bayyanawa tare da sauƙin daidaitawa. Idan aka kwatanta da Manufar-C, za ku iya rubuta ƙasa da lamba don cim ma burin iri ɗaya. Ayyukan ƙidayar Magana ta atomatik (ARC) tana gudanarwa da bin diddigin amfani da ƙwaƙwalwar shirin. Saboda kulawar ƙwaƙwalwar ajiya da gudanarwa ba batun bane, wannan yana adana babban adadin lokacin haɓakawa. Sakamakon haka, masu haɓaka Swift na iya ƙirƙirar ƙa'idodi da sauri.
- Gudanar da ƙwaƙwalwar ajiya ta atomatik (ARC): An ƙara aikin tarin shara zuwa dandamali tare da fasalin ƙidayar ƙwaƙwalwar ajiya ta atomatik (ARC) a cikin mafi halin yanzu na Swift. Don cire manyan misalai na aji daga ƙwaƙwalwar ajiya, an aiwatar da wannan aikin a Java, C#, da Go. Yayin da aikin ARC ya cika burinsa, ya ƙara kusan 20% zuwa nauyin CPU. iOS, a gefe guda, ya haɗa ƙarfin ARC ba tare da lalata ƙwaƙwalwar ajiya ko saurin CPU ba.
- Kuskuren kulawa: Mafi kyawun sarrafa kuskuren Swift da tsarin nau'in nau'in ƙarfi sune mahimman abubuwa don rage hadarurruka a ayyukan kasuwanci. Saboda gajeriyar madauki na amsawa, masu haɓakawa suna samun sauƙin ganowa da gyara kurakuran lamba. Duk waɗannan abubuwan suna ba da gudummawa ga amincin ƙa'idodin Swift.
- Taimakon dandamali na giciye da cikakken damar iyawa: Swift ya sami nasarar matsawa zuwa dandamalin girgije, tare da cikakken iyawa da goyan bayan na'ura. Swift ya sami ƙara ƙarfi saboda halaye kamar raba lambar da sake amfani da su, waɗanda ke ba masu haɓaka damar amfani da shi don haɓaka gaba-gaba da ƙarshen baya. Masu haɓakawa na iya ƙirƙirar ƙa'idodi da sauri da inganci.
- Karamin sawun ƙwaƙwalwar ajiya: Dakunan karatu na Swift suna da ƙaramin sawun ƙwaƙwalwar ajiya tun lokacin da aka haɗa su daga farko. Saboda dakunan karatu sun kasance masu zaman kansu daga lambar, ana amfani da su ne kawai idan ya cancanta. Sakamakon haka, ɗakunan karatu ba sa nan a duk fayilolin da ke cikin aikin app.
- Sauƙi don koyo da buɗe tushen: Swift yana da ƙaƙƙarfan al'umma mai buɗe ido wanda ke haɓaka dandamali kuma ya sauƙaƙa don koyo. Duk da sabon sa, masu haɓakawa na iya samun wadataccen kayan aiki akan layi.
Iyakance Swift
- Ƙananan al'umma: Duk da saurin haɓakarsa, al'ummar buɗe tushen Swift ba ta kai girma ba kuma ba ta da ƙarfi kamar na Manufar-C. Sakamakon haka, gogaggun abubuwan haɓakawa na Swift har yanzu ana iyakance su. Wannan yanayin yana ba da shinge ga sabbin masu haɓakawa waɗanda ke buƙatar taimako.
- Sabon yare na kwanan nan: Duk da cewa yana ɗan shekara 6 a lokacin rubuce-rubuce, Swift har yanzu ɗan ƙaramin shirye-shirye ne idan aka kwatanta da Manufar-C, wanda aka fara halarta a cikin 1980s. Saboda Swift har yanzu yana kan matakin farko, za a sami ƙulla a kan hanya. Ƙarin kayan aiki, ɗakunan karatu, da sauran albarkatu don shawo kan matsalolin haɓaka ƙa'idodin suna samuwa akan ingantattun dandamali.
- Masu haɓaka masu iyaka: Duk da saurin haɓakar Swift, har yanzu tana da ƴan ƙwararrun masu tsara shirye-shirye idan aka kwatanta da sauran harsunan shirye-shirye. Yana iya zama da wahala a sami mai haɓaka Swift.
- Abubuwan da suka dace: Gaskiyar cewa Swift baya dacewa da baya yana haifar da matsala mai mahimmanci. Sabuwar sigar Swift baya aiki tare da tsofaffi. Aikin da aka haɓaka tare da sigar da ta gabata na yaren shirye-shiryen ba za a iya canza shi da wani na gaba ba. Swift, a gefe guda, ya yi iƙirarin shawo kan wannan matsala tare da Swift version 5.
Shahararrun Aikace-aikacen Swift
- Uber
- slack
- VSCO
- Bitmoji
Mene ne Ci gaban Android?
Daga cikin dandamali na wayar hannu da yawa a duniya, tsarin aiki na Android ya fi shigar da tushe. A cikin ƙasashe sama da 190 na duniya, Android tana iko da ɗaruruwan miliyoyin na'urorin hannu.
A karon farko, ƙungiyar ta ƙirƙira Android, wacce aka gina ta akan gyare-gyaren sigar Linux kernel da sauran software na buɗe ido.
Google da farko ne ya ba da kuɗin tallafin; sannan a shekara ta 2005, ta siyi dukkan kasuwancin. Na'urar farko mai amfani da Android ta shiga kasuwa a watan Satumbar 2008.
Saboda faffadan fasalin fasalinsa, Android tana jagorantar kasuwancin tsarin wayar hannu.
Yana da ƙarin abokantaka mai amfani, yana da ɗimbin al'umma masu biye, yana ba da damar gyare-gyare mafi girma, da ɗimbin kasuwanci na kera na'urori masu dacewa da Android.
Sakamakon haka, kasuwa na samun karuwar buƙatun haɓaka aikace-aikacen wayar hannu ta Android, kuma kasuwancin suna buƙatar ƙwararrun ƙwararrun masu haɓakawa tare da ƙwarewar da suka dace. Da farko, Android an ƙirƙira shi azaman tsarin aiki na wayar hannu.
Koyaya, tare da faɗaɗa ɗakunan karatu na lambar da kuma jan hankalin masu haɓaka yanki daban-daban, Android ta samo asali zuwa cikakkiyar saitin software don duk na'urori kamar Allunan, wearables, akwatunan saiti, TV mai kaifin baki, kwamfyutoci, da sauransu.
Fa'idodin Ci gaban Android
- Saurin tura aiki: Aikace-aikacen Android don kamfanoni suna da ɗan gajeren tsari na haɓakawa wanda ke ɗaukar awanni kaɗan kawai. Yana ba kamfanonin da ke son kawo sabon ra'ayi zuwa kasuwa cikin sauri gasa gasa. Rage Lokaci zuwa Kasuwa (TTM) yana ɗaya daga cikin manyan fa'idodin haɓakar Android.
- Babban ROI a ƙananan farashi: Ɗaya daga cikin fa'idodin haɓakar ƙa'idar Android shine sauƙin samun Android SDK. Ƙungiyoyin haɓakawa na iya ƙirƙirar ƙa'idodi masu ma'amala ta amfani da ƙirar kayan daga waɗannan SDKs. Koyaya, ya ƙunshi farashin rajista na lokaci ɗaya don rarraba aikace-aikacen. Bayan haka, abokan ciniki za su iya amfani da kowace na'urar kwamfuta don ƙira da gwada samfurin akan wayoyinsu na zamani, tare da tabbatar da saka hannun jari mai arha da ingantaccen shigar mai amfani. Sakamakon haka, masu amfani na ƙarshe suna amfana daga ƙa'idar da ta haɗa, kuma ƙungiyar ta sami babban riba kan saka hannun jari.
- gyare-gyare: Android dandamali ne mai buɗe ido wanda ke ba ƙungiyoyin haɓaka damar keɓance shi yadda suke so. Don haka ne aikace-aikacen Android suka shahara sosai. Bugu da ƙari, tsarin aiki yana ba da damar haɓaka aikace-aikacen Android daban-daban waɗanda za a iya haɗa su cikin shirye-shiryen kayan aikin multimedia da abubuwan sarrafa bayanai na hanyoyin kasuwancin ku. A sakamakon haka, ta hanyar daidaitawa ga canje-canjen buƙatun kasuwanci, kamfanoni na iya samun damar samun babban tushen mabukaci.
- Sauƙi keɓancewa: Android dandamali ne mai sassauƙa tare da babban matakin sassauci da zaɓin gyare-gyare masu sauƙi. Duk abin da kuke samu shine sabon ƙa'idar kamfani mai ban sha'awa tare da ayyuka iri-iri. Android tsarin aiki ne mai ƙarfi wanda zai iya ɗaukar gyare-gyare daga sassauƙa zuwa rikitarwa. Wannan dandali na iya cika bukatun kamfanin ku yadda ya kamata.
- Duk abin Google: Yayin da yawancin ayyukan Google suna samuwa akan iOS, haɗin kai na gaske har yanzu yana da rashi. Tare da na'urar Android da aka keɓance don kamfanin ku, zaku iya samarwa masu amfani da app ɗin ku fa'idodin aikace-aikacen Google da sabis. Bugu da ƙari, idan Google ya ƙaddamar da sabon sabis ko app, zai yi aiki mara aibi a kan Android app.
Ƙayyadaddun Ci gaban Android
- Rushewa: Akwai na'urori da yawa don sarrafawa, kowannensu yana da takamaiman ƙuduri da girman allo. Wannan yana sa ƙirar app da haɓaka UI ya fi wahala sosai. Kungiyoyin ci gaban Android yakamata suyi la'akari da hakan idan suna son bayar da ingantaccen tsarin app wanda ke aiki mara kyau a cikin na'urori da yawa, tare da bincika tasirin gabatar da sabbin abubuwa, saboda gazawar na'urar na iya hana abokan ciniki yin amfani da app kamar yadda ake tsammani. Wannan shine dalilin da ya sa akwai aikace-aikace marasa inganci da yawa a cikin Play Store.
- Kudin: Zai iya zama mafi tsada don ginawa tare da wannan dandamali saboda rarrabuwa da babban adadin gwajin da ake bukata. Duk da haka, ya dogara da ƙaƙƙarfan ƙa'idar.
- Gwaji: Saboda bayyanannun nau'ikan na'urorin Android da nau'ikan nau'ikan, ƙwararrun QA dole ne su ba da ƙarin lokaci don isassun gwajin ƙa'idodi akan kowane ƙira.
- Damuwa game da tsaro: Ko da yake bangaren bude tushen Android alheri ne ga masu haɓakawa, yana iya zama mai zafi. Yayin da ƙwayoyin cuta da hare-hare ke barazana ga miliyoyin masu amfani da Android a kowane mako, Google yana ba da haɓaka tsaro akan lokaci. Abin takaici, yawancin mutane ba sa sabunta wayoyin su akai-akai. Wannan yana nuna cewa masu haɓaka ƙa'idar dole ne su kula da bayanan mai amfani da kansu, ko ta hanyar ruɗewa mai rikitarwa, haɗa ƙarin hanyoyin tsaro, ko nisantar shigar bayanan sirri gaba ɗaya.
Kammalawa
React Native, Swift da Android suna da kyau don haɓaka aikace-aikacen hannu. Koyaya, ya danganta da yanayin aikin ku, kuna iya fifita ɗaya akan ɗayan.
React ɗan asalin ya fi dacewa don:
- Ƙaramar ƙungiya da ƙayyadaddun kasafin kuɗi don haɓaka aikace-aikacen Android da iOS.
- Ka'idar da dole ne ta bayyana iri ɗaya akan duk dandamali.
- Don ci gaba da sauri, ya kamata a yi amfani da aikin sakewa mai zafi.
Swift ya fi dacewa da yanayin yanayi masu zuwa:
- Aikin ci gaban ƙa'ida ta iOS kawai.
- La'akari don kulawa na dogon lokaci app.
- Aikin ƙa'ida wanda ke kira ga adadi mai yawa na takamaiman lambar dandamali.
- Aikace-aikace don dalilai na musamman, kamar sarrafa sawun ƙwaƙwalwar ajiya.
Idan kuna son 'yancin kai, buɗe ido, da ƙarin 'yanci, Android kuma shine mafi kyawun zaɓi, aƙalla a farkon.
Idan komai ya gaza, gwada hanyar giciye-dandamali.
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