Eminyakeni yamuva nje, ubuhlakani bokwenziwa (AI) buye baba ngesinye sezihloko ezaziwa kakhulu emiphakathini yesayensi neyomphakathi.
Kodwa iyini ngempela i-AI?
Lo mhlahlandlela ophelele uzohlola konke odinga ukukwazi nge-AI, kusukela emlandweni wayo kanye nemvelaphi yayo kuya ekusebenzeni kwayo kwamanje namandla ayo esikhathi esizayo.
Noma ngabe ungumfundi ophelele noma uchwepheshe onolwazi, lo mhlahlandlela uzokunikeza ukuqonda okuphelele kwe-AI. Ngakho ake siqale!
Kuyini i-Artificial Intelligence?
Sekukonke, i-AI iyigama eliyisambulela sazo zonke izinhlobo zokuziphatha okukhaliphile. Igama livela egameni lesiGreki elisho “umthandi wobuciko” nelesiLatini elisho “ohlakaniphile.”
Ngakho-ke, empeleni, lisho “ubuhlakani bokwenziwa” ngomqondo wokuthi liwuhlelo olusekelwe kukhompyutha elingisa ukuziphatha komuntu.
Kuyigatsha lesayensi yekhompiyutha eliphathelene nocwaningo lokwenza amakhompyutha abonise ukuziphatha okukhaliphile. Lokhu kuziphatha kungase kube yinoma yini kusukela ekuboneni ubuso kuye ekuphenduleni imiyalo ekhulunyiwe.
Umlando Wokuhlakanipha Okwenziwayo
Njengezinto eziningi, i-AI akuwona umbono omusha. Sekungamakhulu eminyaka ikhona kodwa yaqala kuphela ngawo-1950. Ukusetshenziswa kokuqala kwe-AI kwakungamaGreki asendulo.
Ngokwesibonelo, bakha uhlelo lokucutshungulwa kolimi olwalusetshenziswa ukubasiza kwezempi nakwezebhizinisi.
Ngasekupheleni kwawo-1950, i-AI yaqala ukuphuma. Ingqophamlando yokuqala ephawulekayo kwaba ukwakhiwa kwe-AI yokuqala yenjongo evamile, eyaziwa ngokuthi “Eliza.”
UJoseph Weizenbaum wathuthukisa u-Eliza e-MIT ngeminyaka yawo-1960. I-AI yakhelwe ukusiza abantu ukuthi baxhumane bodwa ngokusebenzisa ingxoxo njengendlela yokufunda nokufundisa. U-Eliza ube wuhlelo lwekhompuyutha lokuqala ukuphumelela ukuhlolwa kwe-Turing.
Ukuhlolwa kwe-Turing kuyindlela yokunquma ukuthi ingabe isistimu ye-AI ihlakaniphile yini.
Ngemva kwalokho, inkambu ye-AI yaqhuma. Namuhla, i-AI iyinkambu esebenza kakhulu futhi ekhulayo. Ungazi mayelana nentuthuko ejabulisa kakhulu ku-AI ngokufunda ngobuchwepheshe bakamuva be-AI.
Kungani Sidinga i-AI?
I-AI iya ngokuya iduma njengoba izinkampani zobuchwepheshe ziya ngokuya zibona amandla ayo. Ngemuva kwakho konke, sisebenzisa i-AI kukho konke kusuka ekusesheni kwe-Google kuya ku-Siri kuma-iPhones ethu.
Ngakho-ke, yini enkulu?
I-AI iyindlela enhle yokudala izinhlelo ezisebenza kahle kunobuchopho bomuntu. Amasistimu e-AI angafunda kokuhlangenwe nakho futhi ahlaziye ulwazi ngendlela abantu abangenakukwazi ngayo.
Isibonelo, izinhlelo ze-AI zinhle kakhulu ekuthatheni yonke idatha esizinikeza zona nokufunda ukwenza izinqumo ngokusekelwe kulolo lwazi.
Esinye isibonelo esihle kakhulu se-AI injini yokusesha ye-Google. Ihlakaniphe kakhulu kangangokuthi ingasesha emakhasini angaphezu kwezigidi ezingu-500 olwazi ngengxenye yomzuzwana. Kodwa, esikhathini esidlule, lolu hlobo lokusesha lwaluzothatha umuntu wonke iminyaka ukwenza.
Iqiniso elithakazelisayo ukuthi ingakwazi ukucubungula ulwazi oluningi ngokushesha. Ubuchopho bomuntu bungakwazi ukucubungula amagama acishe abe yikhulu ngomzuzu. Nokho, i-AI ingacubungula idatha cishe ngamagama ayi-100,000 ngomzuzu. Lokhu kusho ukuthi i-AI ingasebenza kahle kakhulu kunomuntu.
Isebenza kanjani i-AI?
Okokuqala, sidinga ukuqonda ukuthi kanjani ubuchopho bomuntu isebenza. Konke kumayelana nendlela esilugcina ngayo ulwazi. Ubuchopho bomuntu bakhiwe inani elingenakubalwa lamaseli abizwa ngokuthi ama-neurons. Lawa ma-neurons anesibopho sakho konke ukucabanga kwethu nokwenza izinqumo.
Ama-neurons axhunywe kwamanye ama-neuron ngokusebenzisa ama-synapses. Lawa ma-synapse afana namabhuloho amancane axhuma ama-neurons. Uma sifunda okuthile okusha, ama-neuron asebuchosheni bethu axhumeka akhe ama-synapse amasha. Lena yindlela esigcina ngayo ulwazi.
Ngokufanayo, lapho sifuna ukukhumbula lokho kwaziswa, singafinyelela kuma-synapses asetshenziselwa ukugcina lokho kwaziswa. Yile ndlela esenza ngayo izinqumo.
Manje njengoba sesiqonda ukuthi ubuchopho busebenza kanjani, sesingaqala ukuqonda ukuthi i-AI isebenza kanjani. Futhi-ke, singakwazi ukufunda ukwenza i-AI isebenze kangcono.
Kunezinhlobo ezimbili eziyinhloko ze-AI. Lezi yi-AI esekelwe kumthetho kanye ne-AI yokufunda.
I-AI Esekelwe Kumthetho
Lolu uhlobo oluyisisekelo kakhulu lwe-AI. Kulapho sinikeza ikhompuyutha isethi yemithetho okufanele iyilandele. Le mithetho ibekwe ngendlela yokuthi ikhompuyutha ingayiqonda. Lolu uhlobo lokuqala lwe-AI.
Isibonelo, uhlelo olutshela ikhompuyutha ukuthi ibone ubuso i-AI elula esekelwe emthethweni. Uhlelo lungagcina lonke ulwazi olumayelana nobuso kanye nomuntu okugciniwe.
Khona-ke, lapho yethulwa ngobuso obusha, ingaqhathanisa ubuso obusha nesizindalwazi sobuso. Uma ithola okufanayo, ingatshela ikhompuyutha ukuthi ibone lobo buso.
Isibonelo esivame kakhulu salolu hlobo lwe-AI wuhlelo lokudlala umdlalo.
Ngaphambili, zonke lezi zinhlelo zazibhalwe ngendlela ethile. Umdidiyeli bekufanele enze uhlelo luqonde ukuthi yini umdlalo. Khona-ke, kwadingeka afundise uhlelo ukuthi yini edingekayo ukuze anqobe umdlalo.
Namuhla, amasistimu e-AI angabhalwa ngendlela ejwayelekile. Umhleli akudingeki afundise i-AI ukuthi uyini umdlalo. Esikhundleni salokho, udinga kuphela ukunikeza i-AI imithetho yokuthi idlalwa kanjani umdlalo.
Ukufunda i-AI
Kulapho sifundisa ikhompuyutha ukuthi ingafunda kanjani iyodwa. Lolu uhlobo oluthuthuke kakhulu lwe-AI.
Ngokwesibonelo, ake sithi sakha irobhothi elikwazi ukucosha ibhokisi. Leli robhothi kuzodingeka likwazi ukufunda ukwenza lokhu ngokuzibonela. Irobhothi lizodinga ukugcina lonke ulwazi mayelana nendlela yokucosha ibhokisi.
Khona-ke, lapho yethulwa ngebhokisi elisha, ingasebenzisa lolo lwazi ukuze ithathe ibhokisi.
Lolu uhlobo lwe-AI olusetshenziswa yi-Alexa yase-Amazon.
Amandla Ekusasa Lobuhlakani Obungenziwa
Manje njengoba sesinokuqonda okuyisisekelo kokuthi i-AI isebenza kanjani, singabona ukuthi i-AI ingasisiza kanjani esikhathini esizayo. I-AI izosivumela ukuthi senze izinto eziningi ngokuzenzakalelayo. Singasebenzisa i-AI ukuze sifune imisebenzi, sihlonze izinkinga zezokwelapha, siklame imikhiqizo emisha, futhi sisisize senze izinqumo.
Kepha, kukhona futhi uhlangothi oluphansi ku-AI. Izothatha indawo yemisebenzi eminingi.
Sizokwazi ukwenza imikhiqizo engcono futhi senze izinto eziningi ngabantu abambalwa. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, kusivumela ukuthi sisebenze kakhulu ngesikhathi esincane.
Ngokuzayo, sizobona i-AI ithatha izindima eziningi. Kodwa, okwamanje, i-AI isetshenziselwa ikakhulukazi ukuhlaziya idatha kanye nokubuyiswa kolwazi.
Isiphetho
Maningi amathuba e-AI.
Kodwa-ke, ikusasa le-AI lisesemoyeni. Asazi ukuthi ikusasa lisiphatheleni.
Kungakho kubalulekile ukuqonda ukuthi i-AI izolithinta kanjani ikusasa lomsebenzi. Kudingeka sazi ukuthi singenani kanye nemiphumela ye-AI.
Nokho, i-AI isivele yenza umthelela omkhulu ezimpilweni zethu zansuku zonke kanye nomnotho wethu.
shiya impendulo