Okuqukethwe[Fihla][Bonisa]
Kuningi izinkulumo nezingxoxo kulezi zinsuku mayelana nekusasa le-inthanethi.
Ingabe i-Virtual Reality (VR) izoba yinsakavukela?
Liyoba njani ikusasa lezinkundla zokuxhumana?
Yize sikubona ukukhula kobuchwepheshe, kusenzima ukubikezela ukuthi sizoba kuphi eminyakeni eyishumi ezayo.
Yize imininingwane ethile kunzima ukuyiqagela, ukubheka emuva kukhombisa indlela ecacile yokuthi iWeb 4.0 ingase ibukeke kanjani.
Ukweqa kusuka ku-Web 1.0 kuya eminyakeni yamanje ye 3.0 Web, i-inthanethi isisebenzisana kakhulu, ihlakaniphe kakhulu.
Ukugxila kwe-inthanethi kancane kancane kukhukhulekile kubasebenzisi ngokuhamba kwesikhathi. Siphinde sabona ukukhula kwe-Big Data kanye ne-Artificial Intelligence okugqugquzela umnotho wethu wamanje wedijithali.
Ukubheka emuva kulokhu kuziphendukela kwemvelo kuyosisiza sibone lapho siphokophele khona.
Lesi sihloko sizodlula umlando weWebhu Yomhlaba Wonke.
Sizodlula kafushane ukuphindaphinda ngakunye kwe-inthanethi ukukhombisa ukuthi sifike kanjani esimweni samanje se-Web 3.0. Futhi ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, sizobe sibheka phambili esikhathini esizayo, ukubona ukuthi iWeb 4.0 ingaba yini.
Umlando Wewebhu
Iwebhu 1.0: Ukuqala Kwewebhu
I-Web 1.0 igama elisetshenziswa ukuchaza izigaba zokuqala ze-inthanethi.
Imithethonqubo efana ne-TCP/IP, eholwa yimizamo yocwaningo evela ku-Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (DARPA), evunyelwe ukuthi amakhompyutha anenethiwekhi axhumane.
Ngokushesha ucwaningo lwaziwa ngokuthi “i-inthanethi”.
Le inthanethi yakhiwe kakhulu ngamakhasi ewebhu axhumene.
Ngokungafani newebhu njengoba ikhona namuhla, isimo se-Web 1.0 sifundwa kuphela. Bezingekho izici ezisebenzisanayo, eziningi zamakhasi ewebhu anamakhasi amile.
Uzothola ikakhulukazi indlela amathambo angenalutho yokuklama ke. Ikhasi lewebhu ngalinye ngokuvamile laliyiqoqo lombhalo nezithombe phezu kwengemuva elimhlophe qwa.
Ukuphindaphinda kokuqala kwe-inthanethi kwaba nezinguquko.
Kwakuwuhlelo olusha lokwabelana ngolwazi nanoma ubani emhlabeni wonke, inqobo nje uma bekwazi ukufinyelela ohlelweni.
Ngaphandle kokudabula ingcebo yolwazi, nokho, abasebenzisi babenokuncane okunye ababengakwenza. Njengoba i-inthanethi iqala ukuthola abasebenzisi abaningi, iwebhu yayidinga ukuvela maduze.
Iwebhu 2.0: Ukuletha Ukusebenzisana Kuwebhu
Ngasekupheleni kweminyaka yawo-1990, isidingo sokwabelana, ukubambisana, nokuxhumana nge-inthanethi sakhuphuka kakhulu.
Lokhu kuholele ekutheni ochwepheshe abehlukene bamemezele inkathi entsha ye-inthanethi. U-Darcy Dinucci, umbhali nomklami wewebhu, wasungula igama elithi Web 2.0 ukuchaza le nkathi entsha.
Iphawule ukushintshwa kwepharadigm ukusuka kumakhasi ewebhu amile kuya ezinhlelweni zokusebenza zewebhu ezisebenzisanayo.
Iwebhusayithi yeWeb 2.0 ivumela abantu ukuthi bakhe imiphakathi kuwebhu.
Izingosi zokuxhumana ezihlukene, amabhulogi, ama-wiki, kanye nezinkundla zokwabelana ngemidiya zasheshe zethulwa. Ngokokuqala ngqa, abasebenzisi banganikela kokuqukethwe kwewebhusayithi kunokumane bakufunde. Kubangele ukwanda kwe-e-commerce, lapho abasebenzisi bengakwazi ukuthenga nokuthengisa imikhiqizo kuphela, kodwa bashiye nokubuyekezwa.
Iminyaka yawo-2010 yabona ukwanda kwezinkundla ezizinikele ekwabelaneni nasekushicileleni okuqukethwe.
Izinkundla ezifana ne-Youtube, i-Instagram, ne-Facebook zithole indlela yokwenza imali ngendima entsha ye-inthanethi njengendawo yemakethe yemibono nanjengendlela yokukhuluma.
Ubuwena bedijithali sebuyingxenye entsha yomuntu ngamunye. I-inthanethi yasheshe yaphatheka ngenxa yokwanda kwama-smartphone, okunikeza izigidigidi zabantu ukufinyelela kulezi zinkundla zedijithali.
Lokhu ngokushesha kwavula indlela yokugxumela okulandelayo kwewebhu.
Iwebhu 3.0: I-AI nedatha Enkulu
Manje siphila esikhathini se-Big Data.
Njengoba ulwazi olwengeziwe lulayishwa ku-inthanethi, lezi zinkundla ezinkulu zinemininingwane eminingi ebalulekile manje ebhebhezela uhlobo olusha lomnotho.
Njengoba i-WIRED Magazine yamemezela ngo-2014, idatha yintsha amafutha. Ubuningi bedatha, kanye nokuba khona kwendawo yonke ye-inthanethi kubeke indawo yesigaba esilandelayo seWebhu.
Incazelo yokuthi iyini ngempela i-Web 3.0 iyahlukahluka.
U-Tim Berners Lee, umsunguli we-World Wide Web, uyichaze “njengewebhu ye-semantic” ekunikeza ukufinyelela “kumthombo wedatha ongakholakali”.
Ubikezele ukuthi iwebhu maduze izokwazi ukuqonda ubudlelwano obuyinkimbinkimbi phakathi kwemibono emhlabeni wangempela. I-Web 3.0 idlula ukusebenzisana komuntu nomuntu, ngokugxila okusha kubasebenzisi abaxhumana nabo ukuhlakanipha okungekhona okwangempela.
Lesi sici sewebhu manje sesihlanganiswe ezimpilweni zethu zansuku zonke.
Qaphela ngaso sonke isikhathi uma ubuza uSiri noma umsizi we-Google ngesimo sezulu, noma ukuthi ubani owine Indebe Yomhlaba yangonyaka odlule. Ubuchwepheshe obufana ne-WolframAlpha noma Igrafu Yolwazi ye-Google buvumela amakhompyutha ukuthi ahlukanise ulimi lwethu futhi alutolike ngendlela abantu abalwenza ngayo.
Ama-algorithms asevele egcwele izifunzo zethu zezindaba nezincomo ngokuqukethwe okubalulekile kithi.
Njengoba idatha eyengeziwe iqoqwa, lawa ma-algorithms azoba namandla kakhulu.
Le ncazelo yeWeb 3.0 isendleleni yokuba yingxenye yombono ojwayelekile wokuthi i-inthanethi iyini.
Yini engase ilandele?
Iyini i-Web 4.0?
Kuwo wonke umlando we-inthanethi, umsebenzisi uye waya ngokuya esebenziseka kalula.
Cabanga ngezwe manje elingenakho ukulungisa ngokuzenzakalela, noma ukuxhumana kwesikrini esithintwayo, noma imiyalo yezwi. Ngaphandle kwentuthuko enjalo, sisazokubona ngokugcwele ukuzizwisa okungenazihibe ngokugcwele.
Imicabango yethu isadinga umzamo omkhulu wokuhumusha ngokwedijithali, inqunyelwe ukuthi singathayipha noma sikhulume ngokushesha kangakanani. Ukweqa okukhulu okulandelayo ekusebenziseni iwebhu, lokho okubizwa nge-Web 4.0, kufanele kufiphaze igebe phakathi kwekhompyutha nengqondo.
Isibikezelo esinesibindi se-Web 4.0 singachazwa ngokuthi "iwebhu ye-symbiotic", ukusebenzisana kwe-symbiotic phakathi komuntu nomshini.
Kuleli qophelo ngokuzayo, i-AI izobe ithuthuke ngokwanele ukuthi ingatolika eyethu imicabango ukuze ihambe ngempumelelo kuwebhu.
Iwebhu ingase ingadluliswa ngokwanele kusikrini se-2D, esikhundleni salokho ikhethe ubuchwepheshe be-Virtual Reality noma i-Augmented Reality njengesinye isixhumi esibonakalayo.
Ingxenye enkulu yombono we-Web 4.0 wumfutho wokuthwebula ngokugcwele okwenziwa umuntu.
I-inthanethi kancane kancane ishintshile ekubeni nombhalo, yaya ekulungiseni izithombe namavidiyo. Akulula ukusho ukuthi maduze singajwayela ukuzizwisa okuku-inthanethi okufana nempilo, sicwilise umsebenzisi ngazo zonke izinzwa zakhe njengoba ezulazula emhlabeni omusha wedijithali.
Ezigabeni ezimbalwa ezilandelayo, sizobe sihlola ukuthi yibuphi ubuchwepheshe obungase bulethe i-Web 4.0, kungani sibheke kuleyo ndawo, kanye nezinselele ezingaba khona lokhu phindaphinda okusha okungase kulethe.
Ubuchwepheshe Ngemuva Kwewebhu 4.0
Nabu obunye ubuchwepheshe obunamandla obungenza lokhu kuguqukela okulandelayo kwewebhu kwenzeke.
I-Brain-Computer Interfaces (BCIs)
Amaqembu ocwaningo asevele enze intuthuko emkhakheni we-neurotechnology.
Inkampani I-Neuralink, eyasungulwa ngu-Elon Musk, isivele yenza imibukiso eyimpumelelo yokufakelwa kobuchopho okungenantambo izilwane. Ngokushesha, lezi ubuchopho-computer interface (ama-BCI) azosivumela ukuthi sihlanganyele kalula futhi silawule amadivayisi aseduze nathi.
The I-Metaverse
Ama-tech giants enza umnyakazo omkhulu futhi esikhaleni seqiniso elibonakalayo nelingathandwa kwabathelisi esikubona.
Izinkampani ezifana ne-Facebook ne-Microsoft zitshala imali kubuchwepheshe be-metaverse, okungenzeka ngelinye ilanga kube umkhuba wokusebenzelana komuntu nomuntu.
Isoftware ye-AR efana nKwangempela kanye nobuchwepheshe bokulandelela amehlo benza izinguquko endleleni esisebenzisana ngayo newebhu ngokwemboza umhlaba obonakalayo ngolwazi olubonakalayo.
Ukuhlakanipha okungekhona okwangempela
I-AI kanye nama-algorithms e-ML athuthukisiwe azodingeka ku-Web 4.0 ukuze kusingathwe inani elikhulu lokufakwayo elidingekayo elivela kukho kokubili ubuchopho bomuntu kanye nomhlaba ongokoqobo osizungezile.
Isibonelo, sesivele sibona ukuthuthuka okukhulu ezimotweni ezizishayelayo endleleni ezisebenzisa ngayo i-ML nombono wekhompyutha ukuze zenze umqondo wemigwaqo yangempela kanye nezithiyo ezingaba khona ohambweni lokuya emsebenzini oluvamile.
I-Intanethi Yezinto
I-inthanethi Yezinto isho inethiwekhi yamadivayisi ashumekwe nezinzwa nesofthiwe exhumana kalula namadivayisi azungezile. Izindlu ezihlakaniphile sezivele zikhula ngokuthandwa. Abasizi ababonakalayo abanikwa amandla yi-AI, njenge-Google Assistant ne-Amazon Echo's Alexa, bavumela abasebenzisi ukuthi bakhulume namadivayisi abo.
Nge-Web 4.0, singabona ukwanda kwamadolobha ahlakaniphile, zonke izinhlelo zengqalasizinda zisebenza kahle ngamandla e-AI.
Kungani Sidinga I-Web 4.0?
Amathuba okushintsha zonke izimboni avela lapho sesikwazi ukukhulisa izingqondo zethu ngamandla emishini. Nazi ezinye izinhlelo zokusebenza ze-Web 4.0 okungenzeka zize kuwe ngokushesha kunokuba ucabanga.
1. Ubuchwepheshe Bezokwelapha
Okwamanje, ukuxhumana kobuchopho nekhompiyutha kuyacwaningwa ngesithembiso sokusiza abantu abanezimo zemizwa nokunye ukukhubazeka. Maduze, ama-BCI angasiza abanqunyiwe ukulawula izitho zokufakelwa, noma asize ukuhlanganisa inkulumo.
2. Security
Abacwaningi abaningana sebevele bazama dlula imicabango, enye indlela yokungena ezinhlelweni zakho eziyintandokazi. Maduze singase singene kumadivayisi ethu ngokucabanga nje, siwenze avikeleke kakhulu kunanoma yiluphi uhlobo lwamanje lwe-biometrics namuhla.
3. Izikole kanye Nendawo Yokusebenzela
Njengoba ubuchwepheshe buyacwengwa, singathola i-Web 4.0 iguqulelwe wumphakathi. Ama-BCI ngolunye usuku angase asetshenziselwe ukuthuthukisa ukusebenza komsebenzi, noma ukwenza ukufunda kuphumelele. Cabanga ngohlelo lokusebenza olwazi kahle ukuthi ungakufundisa kanjani isihloko esithile, kanye nokuthi singakubuza kanjani imibuzo ngokuhamba kwesikhathi.
Intuthuko esingayenza ngeqiniso langempela ingashintsha indlela esisebenza ngayo, ikakhulukazi njengoba umsebenzi osemajukujukwini usufunwa kakhulu nalolu bhubhane lwakamuva.
4. Uhlobo Olusha Lwezokuxhumana
I-Web 4.0 metaverse ingase ibe enye indawo entsha yokuba nemibuthano yokuzijabulisa.
Njengoba ukufunda okukude nomsebenzi wokude uthandwa kakhulu, kuzoba nesidingo sokuxhumana nozakwenu, abangani, nomndeni ngedijithali. I-VR ne-AR kuzokwenza abantu abavela kuwo wonke umhlaba bakwazi ukuhlangana futhi baxoxe sengathi bonke basendaweni efanayo.
Izinselelo zeWebhu 4.0
Njenganoma yimuphi omunye ubuchwepheshe, i-Web 4.0 ibhekene nezinselelo ezimbalwa okufanele ibhekane nazo ngaphambi kokuba ibe yizinga elisha.
Ukuphepha Komsebenzisi
Izixhumanisi zekhompuyutha yobuchopho zisazobhekana nomsebenzi oyingozi. Njengoba lezi zixhumanisi ziqukethe idatha ebucayi kakhulu mayelana nomuntu ngamunye, kungase kube okuqondiwe kokugetshengwa, okungase kubeke umsebenzisi engozini.
Ubuchwepheshe be-Virtual Reality abuphephile ngokuphelele futhi.
Kube nemibiko yokuthi ukusetshenziswa isikhathi eside kwe-VR kudala umonakalo embonweni womsebenzisi futhi kungase kubangele ngisho nokuquleka. Kuze kube yilapho izinkinga ezinjalo zokuphepha sezixazululiwe, ukucwiliswa ngempela ulwazi lwedijithali ngeke yamukelwe kokujwayelekile.
Ubumfihlo bedatha
Kukhona inani elikhulu lokwethembana elidingekayo phakathi kwabasebenzisi nezinkampani.
Uma amadivayisi aba ingxenye yethu, ubunikazi bedatha buyafiphala. Ama-BCI angase abe izindlela zezinkampani zobuchwepheshe zokwenza inzuzo ngedatha yakho.
Sesivele sibone ukukhala komphakathi lapho i-Google ithenga i-Fitbit ngo-2019 ngamadola ayizigidi eziyizinkulungwane ezingu-2.1, okubanikeza ukufinyelela kudatha yokufaneleka yezigidi zabasebenzisi. Njengoba iwebhu iqhubeka nokuba lula ukuba siyisebenzise, kufanele siqaphele ukuthi umsebenzisi uyasetshenziswa yini.
Isiphetho
Njengoba ubuchwepheshe buqhubekela phambili, i-inthanethi ayivumelani nje kuphela namandla obuchwepheshe obusha, kodwa futhi nezidingo zabasebenzisi bayo.
Abantu abazalwa ngemva kuka-1990 abakaze bazi umhlaba ngaphandle kwe-inthanethi.
Isizukulwane samanje sezingane ngeke sazi umhlaba ongenazo izinkundla zokuxhumana. Abantu abazalwa eminyakeni eyishumi kuya kwamashumi amabili ezayo bangase bangalokothi bawazi umhlaba ongenawo umqondo okhulisiwe.
Ubuchwepheshe, njengoba besho, inkemba esika nhlangothi zombili.
Ukuvela kwewebhu kusenze saxhumeka kakhulu, kodwa njalo ngezindleko. Kubalulekile kochwepheshe besikhathi esizayo nabathuthukisi ukuthi bahlale bekhumbula ukuphepha nobumfihlo babasebenzisi babo.
Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi lezi zenzakalo ezintsha zidlala kanjani, into eyodwa eqinisekile: ikusasa liseduze kunalokho ocabanga ngakho. Sazise ukuthi ucabanga ukuthi into enkulu elandelayo kwezobuchwepheshe izoba yini kumazwana!
Magda
Mayelana neWeb 4.0 neNeuralink Technology -> Umuntu angawulawula kanjani umshini ngemicabango yakhe kuyilapho engakwazi ngisho nokulawula imicabango yakhe