Okuqukethwe[Fihla][Bonisa]
- 1. Iyini ngempela i-TypeScript, futhi ihluke kanjani ku-JavaScript?
- 2. Yiziphi ezinye izici eziphawulekayo ze-TypeScript?
- 3. Yiziphi ezinye izinzuzo zokusebenzisa i-TypeScript?
- 4. Yiziphi ezinye izithiyo zokusebenzisa i-TypeScript?
- 5. Ziyini ngempela izingxenye ze-TypeScript?
- 6. Ungakwazi yini ukuchaza izixhumanisi ku-TypeScript?
- 7. Yiziphi izinto eziguquguqukayo ku-TypeScript futhi zimenyezelwa kanjani ngezindlela ezihlukahlukene?
- 8. Isethi engaphansi yesixhumi esibonakalayo ingasetshenziswa kanjani ukukhiqiza uhlobo olusha?
- 9. Usho ukuthini ngokuthi 'noma yiziphi' izinhlobo, futhi kufanele ngizisebenzise nini?
- 10. I-TypeScript iwulimi kanjani olune-syntax yokuzikhethela ethayiphiwe ngokwezibalo?
- 11. Ku-TypeScript, asho ukuthini amamojula?
- 12. Isebenza kanjani i-“enums” ku-TypeScript?
- 13. Yini ehlukanisa imojuli yangaphakathi nemojuli yangaphandle?
- 14. Isho ukuthini i-TypeScript's Anonymous Function?
- 15. Ku-TypeScript, yini indawo yamagama futhi uyisho kanjani eyodwa?
- 16. Yiziphi iziguquli zokufinyelela ezisekelwa yi-TypeScript?
- 17. Ingabe i-TypeScript iyakuvumela ukulayishwa komsebenzi ngokweqile?
- 18. I-TypeScript ivumela kanjani ukuphikisana kokuzikhethela emisebenzini?
- 19. I- var, let, and const ihluka kanjani komunye nomunye?
- 20. Ku-TypeScript, chaza abahlobisi?
- 21. Ku-TypeScript, isho ukuthini i-Mixins?
- 22. Ayini ngempela ama-Type Aliases ku-TypeScript?
- 23. Lisho ukuthini igama elithi “Scope variable”?
- 24. Ngabe i-noImplicitAny isetshenziselwa ini ngempela?
- 25. Izinhlobo zenyunyana neziphambano zihluka kanjani enye kwenye?
- 26. Ulichaza kanjani igama elingukhiye le-TypeScript Declare?
- 27. Ku-TypeScript, ayini amajenerikhi?
- 28. Isho ukuthini i-JSX ku-TypeScript?
- 29. Iyini i-TypeScript Ambients futhi kufanele ngiyisebenzise nini?
- 30. Usho ukuthini ngeklasi elingabonakali ku-TypeScript?
- 31. Liyini ngempela ifayela le-TypeScript Map?
- 32. Ku-TypeScript, yiziphi izinhlobo zokugomela?
- Isiphetho
I-Microsoft ithuthukile futhi iyaqhubeka nokusekela ulimi lokuhlela lwe-TypeScript. Ngokungezwa kokuthayipha okumile njengenketho, i-syntactical superset ye-JavaScript.
Ulimi olukhulu lokuthuthukisa uhlelo lokusebenza i-TypeScript ihlanganisa i-JavaScript. Njengoba i-TypeScript iyi-superset ye-JavaScript, izinhlelo ezibhalwe nge-JavaScript ziyasebenza naku-TypeScript.
Nalu uhlu olubanzi lwemibuzo nezimpendulo ezijwayelekile zonjiniyela we-TypeScript uma kwenzeka uya kuyo.
1. Iyini ngempela i-TypeScript, futhi ihluke kanjani ku-JavaScript?
I-superset ye-JavaScript, i-TypeScript ihlanganisa i-JavaScript evamile. Ngokombono womqondo, i-TypeScript ne-JavaScript ziyefana ne-SASS ne-CSS.
Ngamanye amazwi, i-TypeScript iyi-ES6 JavaScript enamakhono ambalwa. I-JavaScript iwulimi lokubhala olufana kakhulu ne-Python, kuyilapho i-TypeScript iwulimi oluqondiswe entweni, oluthayiphiwe ngokwezibalo oluqhathaniswa ne-Java ne-C#.
Amakilasi nokuxhumana konke kuyingxenye yedizayini egxile entweni ye-TypeScript, futhi uhlobo lwe-inference ingelinye lamathuluzi amaningi atholakalayo ngenxa yokuthayipha kwayo okumile.
I-JavaScript ibhalwe efayelini elinesandiso se-.js, kanti i-TypeScript ibhalwe efayelini elinesandiso se-.ts.
Ngokuphambene ne-JavaScript, ikhodi ye-TypeScript ayikwazi ukusetshenziswa ngokuqondile esipheqululini noma kunoma iyiphi enye inkundla futhi iziphequluli aziyiqondi. Inkundla okuqondiswe kuyo izobe isisebenzisa i-JavaScript engenalutho eyakhiwe kusukela kumafayela e-.ts kusetshenziswa isihumushi se-TypeScript.
2. Yiziphi ezinye izici eziphawulekayo ze-TypeScript?
- Ukuthayipha okumile kuyisici se-TypeScript esiza ukuhlola uhlobo ngesikhathi sokuhlanganiswa. Ngakho-ke, nangaphandle kokwenza iskripthi, ungathola amaphutha kukhodi njengoba uyibhala.
- I-DOM ingashintshwa kusetshenziswa i-TypeScript ukwengeza noma ukususa izinto.
- Noma iyiphi i-Operating System, okuhlanganisa iWindows, macOS, ne-Linux, ingaba ne-TypeScript compiler efakwe.
- Amakilasi, i-interfaces, namamojula ngezinye zezinto ezihlinzekwa yi-TypeScript. Ngakho ingakwazi ukudala ikhodi eqondiswe entweni kukho kokubili uhlangothi lweklayenti nokuthuthukiswa kohlangothi lweseva.
- Iningi lezici ze-ECMAScript 2015 (ES 6, 7) sezivele zifakiwe ku-TypeScript, okuhlanganisa isigaba, isixhumi esibonakalayo, imisebenzi yomcibisholo, njll.
- Uma usebenzisa ukuthayipha okuguquguqukayo kwe-JavaScript, i-TypeScript iphinde isekele ukukhetha kokuthayipha okumile.
3. Yiziphi ezinye izinzuzo zokusebenzisa i-TypeScript?
- Noma iyiphi injini ye-JavaScript noma isiphequluli singasebenzisa i-TypeScript njengoba ishesha, ifundeka kalula, futhi isebenza ngokushesha.
- Yabelana nge-syntax ne-semantics efanayo ne-JavaScript.
- Lokhu kusiza ukubhalwa okusheshayo kwekhodi yangaphambili ngabathuthukisi be-backend.
- Ihlanganisa amakhono e-ES6 kanye ne-ES7 angakwazi umsebenzi ku-JavaScript ES5 izinjini ezifana Node.js.
- Imitapo yolwazi ekhona ye-JavaScript efana ne-Jquery, D3.js, njll. isekelwa ngefayela Lencazelo, elinesandiso se-.d.ts.
- Iskripthi se-JavaScript esesivele sikhona singasebenzisa ikhodi ye-TypeScript. Iphinde ihlanganise kalula nezinhlaka zamanje ze-JavaScript namalabhulali.
4. Yiziphi ezinye izithiyo zokusebenzisa i-TypeScript?
- Ukubhala ngekhodi nge-TypeScript kudinga inqubo ende yokuhlanganisa.
- Ayisekeli amakilasi angacacile.
- Uhlobo lwekhwalithi yamafayela encazelo iyinkinga.
- Noma yimuphi umtapo wolwazi wenkampani yangaphandle kufanele ube nefayela lencazelo ukuze usetshenziswe.
- Isinyathelo sokuhlanganisa siyadingeka ukuze uguqule i-TypeScript ibe yi-JavaScript uma sifuna ukusebenzisa uhlelo lwe-TypeScript esipheqululini.
- I-JavaScript isetshenziswe abathuthukisi bewebhu iminyaka eminingi, futhi i-TypeScript ayinikezi lutho olusha.
5. Ziyini ngempela izingxenye ze-TypeScript?
Ku-TypeScript, kunezigaba ezintathu eziyinhloko zezingxenye, okuhlanganisa:
- Ulimi: Ihlanganisa izichasiselo zohlobo, amagama angukhiye, ne-syntax.
- I-TypeScript Compiler: Iziqondiso ze-TypeScript zihunyushwa ku-JavaScript yilo mdidiyeli (tsc).
- Isevisi yolimi lwe-TypeScript: Isevisi Yolimi inikeza izinhlelo zokusebenza ezifana nomhleli njengesendlalelo sesibili phezu kwenqubo yokuhlanganisa eyisisekelo. Isethi evamile yemisebenzi yokuhlela evamile isekelwa isevisi yolimi.
6. Ungakwazi yini ukuchaza izixhumanisi ku-TypeScript?
I-TypeScript isebenzisa izixhumi ezibonakalayo ukuze icacise i-syntax yamabhizinisi. Ngamanye amazwi, amafomu edatha afana nezinto noma inqwaba yezinto angachazwa kusetshenziswa izixhumi ezibonakalayo. Igama elingukhiye lesixhumi esibonakalayo, igama lesixhumi esibonakalayo, kanye nencazelo yalo kusetshenziswa ukumemezela izixhumanisi. Ake sihlole isixhumi esibonakalayo esiyisisekelo sento yomsebenzisi.
Uhlobo lokuguquguquka lungase lusethwe kusetshenziswa isixhumi esibonakalayo (okufana nendlela owabela ngayo izinhlobo zakudala kokuguquguqukayo). Izici zesixhumi esibonakalayo zizobe zihlangatshezwa okuguquguqukayo kohlobo lomsebenzisi.
Iphrojekthi yakho ye-TypeScript iyazuza kuzixhumi ezibonakalayo ngoba ihlinzeka ngokufana. Ukwengeza, izindawo zokuhlangana zithuthukisa amathuluzi ephrojekthi yakho ngokuthuthukisa i-IDE yokuqedela ngokuzenzakalela kanye nokuqinisekisa ukuthi amanani alungile anikezwa abakhi nezindlela.
7. Yiziphi izinto eziguquguqukayo ku-TypeScript futhi zimenyezelwa kanjani ngezindlela ezihlukahlukene?
Okuguquguqukayo kuyindawo ekhethiwe yenkumbulo esetshenziselwa ukubamba amanani. Ikholoni (:) ibekwa ngemva kwegama eliguquguqukayo futhi ilandelwa uhlobo lapho imemezela okuguquguqukayo ku-TypeScript. Simemezela okuguquguqukayo ngegama elingukhiye elithi var, njengaku-JavaScript.
Imihlahlandlela ethile kufanele ibhekwe ngenkathi kumenyezelwa okuhlukile ku-Typescript:
- Igama alikwazi ukuqala ngenombolo.
- Igama eliguquguqukayo kufanele libe nezinhlamvu noma izinombolo.
- Uphawu lwedola ($) kanye ne-underscore (_) yizona kuphela izinhlamvu ezikhethekile ezivunyelwe kulo mkhakha.
8. Isethi engaphansi yesixhumi esibonakalayo ingasetshenziswa kanjani ukukhiqiza uhlobo olusha?
Ngokunikeza uhlobo olukhona noma isixhumi esibonakalayo nokukhetha okhiye abazokhishwa ohlotsheni olusha, ungakha uhlobo olusha ku-TypeScript usebenzisa uhlobo losizo olushiyayo.
Isibonelo esilandelayo sibonisa indlela yokwakhiwa kohlobo olusha olubizwa ngokuthi i-UserPreview olusekelwe kusixhumi esibonakalayo somsebenzisi kodwa esingafaki impahla ye-imeyili.
9. Usho ukuthini ngokuthi 'noma yiziphi' izinhlobo, futhi kufanele ngizisebenzise nini?
Kwesinye isikhathi udinga ukulondoloza inani kokuguquguqukayo, kodwa awunaso isiqiniseko sohlobo lokuguquguquka ngaphambili. Inani lingase lisuke ekufakweni komsebenzisi noma isicelo se-API, isibonelo. Ungakwazi ukunikeza noma yiluphi uhlobo lwevelu ohlotsheni oluguquguqukayo ngokusebenzisa uhlobo “lolunye”.
Uma uhlobo lokuguquguquka lungacaciswanga ngokucacile futhi umhlanganisi engakwazi ukukunquma kusuka kumongo, i-TypeScript ikholelwa ukuthi okuguquguqukayo kungohlobo lwanoma yiluphi uhlobo.
10. I-TypeScript iwulimi kanjani olune-syntax yokuzikhethela ethayiphiwe ngokwezibalo?
Kungenzeka ukuyala umhlanganisi ukuthi anganaki uhlobo lokuguquguqukayo ku-TypeScript njengoba luthayiphwe ngokuzikhethela. Noma yiluphi uhlobo lwedatha lungasetshenziswa ukunikeza noma yiluphi uhlobo lwevelu kokuguquguqukayo. Lapho ihlanganiswa, i-TypeScript ngeke inikeze noma yiliphi iphutha lokuhlola.
11. Ku-TypeScript, asho ukuthini amamojula?
Kuyasebenza ukuhlanganisa ndawonye okuguquguqukayo, imisebenzi, amakilasi, izindawo zokuhlangana, njll. usebenzisa amamojula. Ingasetshenziswa, kodwa hhayi kububanzi bomhlaba, kuphela ngaphakathi kobubanzi bayo.
Empeleni, okuguquguqukayo okuchaziwe kwemojuli, imisebenzi, amakilasi, nezixhumi ezibonakalayo azikwazi ukufinyelelwa ngokuqondile ngaphandle kwemojuli.
Igama elingukhiye lokuthekelisa lingasetshenziswa ukwakha imojuli, kuyilapho igama elingukhiye lokungenisa lingasetshenziswa ukufaka imojuli kwenye imojuli.
12. Isebenza kanjani i-“enums” ku-TypeScript?
Indlela yokuchaza iqoqo lama- constants anegama ukusebenzisa ama- enum noma izinhlobo ezibaliwe. Lezi zakhiwo zedatha zinobude obugxilile kanye neqoqo lamanani angashintshi.
Uma umele iqoqo lezinye izindlela yenani elinikeziwe ku-TypeScript, ama-enum avame ukusetshenziswa ukuchaza amathuba kusetshenziswa isethi yokubhanqwa kokhiye/inani.
Ake sibone umfanekiso we-enum esetshenziselwa ukunikeza izinhlobo ezihlukahlukene zabasebenzisi.
Ama-Enum aguqulwa ngaphakathi abe yizinto ze-JavaScript ezivamile nge-TypeScript elandela ukuhlanganiswa. Ngakho-ke ukusetshenziswa kwama-enum kungcono kunokusebenzisa okuguquguqukayo okuningana okuhlukene kwe-const.
Ikhodi yakho iphephile futhi kulula ukuyiqonda ngenxa yeqoqo elihlinzekwa yi-enum.
13. Yini ehlukanisa imojuli yangaphakathi nemojuli yangaphandle?
Imojuli yangaphakathi:
- Amamojula angaphakathi abeyingxenye yokuphindaphinda okwedlule kwe-Typescript.
- Igama nomzimba wamamojula angaphakathi kuchazwa kusetshenziswa i-ModuleDeclarations.
- Lawa amalungu amanye amamojula asekhaya noma athunyelwa ngaphandle.
- Amakilasi, ukuxhumana, imisebenzi, neziguquguqukayo kuhlanganiswa ndawonye kumamojula angaphakathi, angathunyelwa kwenye imojuli.
Imojuli yangaphandle:
- Enguqulweni yakamuva, amamojula angaphandle abizwa ngokuthi amamojula.
- Ifayela elihlukile lomthombo elaziwa ngokuthi imojuli yangaphandle liyasetshenziswa ukuze liwadale, futhi ngalinye linesimemezelo esisodwa sokungenisa noma sokuthekelisa.
- Enguqulweni yakamuva, amamojula angaphandle abizwa ngokuthi amamojula.
- Izitatimende zangaphakathi zezincazelo zemojuli zingafihlwa kusetshenziswa amamojula angaphandle, kushiye izindlela nezimpikiswano ezixhunywe kokuguquguqukayo okuchaziwe zibonakala.
14. Isho ukuthini i-TypeScript's Anonymous Function?
Imisebenzi ebhekwa njengengaziwa ayinalo igama lomsebenzi njengesihlonzi. Le mikhuba ichazwa ngokuguquguqukayo phakathi nesikhathi sokusebenza. Njengemisebenzi evamile, imisebenzi engaziwa ingathatha okokufaka futhi ikhiqize imiphumela.
Umsebenzi ongaziwa ngokuvamile awutholakali uma usudaliwe. Okuguquguqukayo kunganikezwa umsebenzi ongaziwa.
15. Ku-TypeScript, yini indawo yamagama futhi uyisho kanjani eyodwa?
I-Namespace ihlanganisa ngokunengqondo imisebenzi. Lokhu kulondoloza ngaphakathi ikhodi yefa yombhalo wokubhala. Ihlanganisa izici nezinto ezinokuxhumana okuthile.
Elinye igama lendawo yegama imojuli yangaphakathi. Izixhumi ezibonakalayo, amakilasi, imisebenzi, neziguquguqukayo konke kungafakwa endaweni yamagama ukuze kuhlinzekwe iqoqo lemisebenzi exhunyiwe.
16. Yiziphi iziguquli zokufinyelela ezisekelwa yi-TypeScript?
Okulandelayo yizibonelo zendlela izilungisi zokufinyelela ezisesidlangalaleni, eziyimfihlo, nezivikelekile ku-TypeScript zingasetshenziswa kanjani ukulawula ukufinyeleleka kwelungu lekilasi:
- Esidlangalaleni - Ukufinyelela kutholakala kuwo wonke amalungu ekilasi, zonke izigaba zawo zenzalo, nazo zonke izimo zekilasi.
- Avikelwe - Afinyeleleka kuwo wonke amalungu ekilasi nazo zonke izigaba zawo ezingaphansi. Nokho, isibonelo sekilasi asikwazi ukufinyelela.
- Ukufinyelela Okuyimfihlo kuzo kukhawulelwe kumalungu ekilasi kuphela.
Njengoba i-JavaScript iwusizo, uma isilungisi sokufinyelela singanikezwanga, kuthathwa ngokuthi sisesidlangalaleni.
17. Ingabe i-TypeScript iyakuvumela ukulayishwa komsebenzi ngokweqile?
Yebo, ukulayishwa komsebenzi ngokweqile kusekelwa i-TypeScript. Kodwa manje okwenziwayo kuyaxaka. Ngakho-ke, lapho kulayishwa ngokweqile nge-TypeScript, kunokuqaliswa okukodwa okunezinhlobonhlobo zamasiginesha.
Ngenkathi isiginesha yesibili iqukethe ipharamitha yohlobo lombhalo, isiginesha yokuqala inepharamitha eyodwa kuphela yohlobo lwenombolo. Umsebenzi wesithathu, ohlanganisa ukungqubuzana kwanoma yiluphi uhlobo, uqukethe ukuqaliswa kwangempela.
Ukuqaliswa bese kunquma uhlobo lwepharamitha enikeziwe futhi kusebenzisa isigaba esihlukile sekhodi ngokuvumelana nalokho kunqunywa.
18. I-TypeScript ivumela kanjani ukuphikisana kokuzikhethela emisebenzini?
Ngokuphambene ne-JavaScript, uma uzama ukushayela umsebenzi ngaphandle kokucacisa inani elinembile nezinhlobo zamapharamitha njengoba kushiwo kusiginesha yawo yokusebenza, isididiyeli se-TypeScript sizophakamisa iphutha.
Ungasebenzisa amapharamitha ozikhethela wona ngokusebenzisa uphawu lombuzo ('?') ukuze ubhekane nalolu daba. Kubonisa ukuthi amapharamitha ongawakhetha angachazwa ngokungeza okuthi “?” kulabo abangase balithole noma bangalitholi inani.
19. I- var, let, and const ihluka kanjani komunye nomunye?
Izindlela ezintathu ezihlukene zokumemezela okuguquguqukayo zinikezwa yi-TypeScript, ngayinye inohlelo lokusebenza oluphakanyisiwe.
i-var: Imemezela okuguquguqukayo komhlaba wonke noma okunobubanzi bomsebenzi ngokuziphatha okuguquguqukayo kwe-JavaScript nemihlahlandlela yesikophu. Okuguquguqukayo akudingi amanani azo ukuthi asethwe lapho amenyezelwa.
vumela: imemezela okuguquguqukayo kwebhulokhi elungiselelwe endaweni. Okuguquguqukayo makungadingi inani lokuguquguquka ukuze kumiswe uma kumenyezelwa. Igama elithi “okuguquguqukayo kwendawo okune-block-scoped” libhekisela kokuguquguqukayo okungafinyelelwa kuphela ngaphakathi kwebhulokhi equkethwe kuyo, njengomsebenzi, ibhulokhi uma/enye, noma iluphu. Vumela okuguquguqukayo akukwazi ukufundwa kusuka noma kubhalwe ngaphambi kokuthi kumenyezelwe, ngokungafani ne- var.
i-const: Imemezela inani le-block-scoped constant engakwazi ukuguqulwa ngemva kokuthi iqalisiwe. Okuguquguqukayo kwe-Const kudinga ukuqaliswa ngaphambi kokumenyezelwa. Eziguquguqukayo ezihlala zingashintshi phakathi nobukhona bazo bonke, lokhu kulungile.
20. Ku-TypeScript, chaza abahlobisi?
Isisekeli, indawo, ipharamitha, isigaba, umsebenzi, noma umhlobisi konke kungamenyezelwa ngendlela ethile njengabahlobisi. Abahlobisi bayimisebenzi enesiqalo esithi @expression esizosetshenziswa ngesikhathi sokusebenza esinemininingwane emayelana nesimemezelo esihlotshisiwe.
Isisho kufanele sihlole umsebenzi ukuze abahlobisi basebenze.
I-TypeScript Decorators ihlinzeka ngomgomo wokwengeza ngokumemezelayo izichasiselo nolwazi kukhodi yamanje.
Efayeleni lethu le-tsconfig.json noma kulayini womyalo, kufanele wenze kusebenze inketho ye-experimentalDecorators compiler ukuze unike amandla ukusekelwa kokuhlola kwabahlobisi:
21. Ku-TypeScript, isho ukuthini i-Mixins?
Ama-Mixins ayindlela yokwakha amakilasi kusuka ezingxenyeni ezisebenziseka kabusha ku-Javascript kanye nokuxuba amakilasi ayingxenye ukuze kwakheke amakilasi agcwele ayinkimbinkimbi.
Umqondo uqondile: umsebenzi B wamukela isigaba A futhi ubuyisela isigaba esisha nokusebenza kwaso okungeziwe, ngokuphambene nesigaba A esinwebekayo isigaba B ukuze kutholwe ukusebenza kwaso. Umsebenzi B kuleli cala uyingxube.
22. Ayini ngempela ama-Type Aliases ku-TypeScript?
Uhlobo lweziteketiso lushintsha igama lohlobo. Thayipha iziteketiso, njengezixhumi ezibonakalayo, zingasetshenziswa ukubiza amagama okuqala, amanyunyana, ama-tuples, nanoma yiziphi ezinye izinhlobo obekungadingeka zichazwe ngesandla.
I-aliasing ayidali uhlobo olusha; kunalokho, ishintsha igama lohlobo olukhona. Ukuqamba igama elithi primitive akusebenzi ngempela, nakuba kungaba usizo ekubhalweni.
Thayipha iziteketiso, njengezindawo zokusebenzelana, zingaba yindawo yonke; okumele ukwenze nje ukwengeza amapharamitha ohlobo futhi uwasebenzise kwesokudla sesimemezelo sesibizo.
23. Lisho ukuthini igama elithi “Scope variable”?
I-JavaScript isekela kokubili okuguquguqukayo kwesikophu sasendaweni nesomhlaba. Ububanzi iqoqo lezinto, okuguquguqukayo, nemisebenzi.
Isibonelo sokumemezela okuguquguqukayo emikhakheni emibili yile:
- Iyaguquguquka ne-Local Scope - Isebenza njengento yokusebenza ukuze isetshenziswe ngaphakathi kwemisebenzi.
- Iyaguquguquka ngobubanzi bomhlaba wonke - Le nto yewindi ingasetshenziswa ngaphakathi nangaphandle kwemisebenzi
24. Ngabe i-noImplicitAny isetshenziselwa ini ngempela?
Impatho ye-TypeScript compiler yephrojekthi yakho engacacile yanoma yiziphi izinhlobo ishintshwa isici se-noImplicitAny kufayela lokucushwa le-tsconfig.json lamaphrojekthi we-TypeScript.
Ifulegi elithi noImplicitAny lingasethwa libe iqiniso noma amanga futhi lihlala lishintsha ngemva kokuqaliswa. Uma kubhekwa ukuthi yonke iphrojekthi ihlukile, ayikho impendulo elungile noma engalungile yokuthi le nombolo kufanele ibe yini.
Ukuqonda umehluko phakathi kwezifunda zokuvula nokuvala kwefulegi kungakusiza ukhethe ukuthi isiphi isilungiselelo ongasisebenzisa efulegini.
Umhlanganisi akanqumi uhlobo lokuhluka ngokusekelwe endleleni esetshenziswa ngayo uma ifulegi elithi noImplicitAny lisethelwe kumanga (okuzenzakalelayo). Uhlobo lusethwa kunoma yikuphi ngokuzenzakalelayo ngumqambi.
Nokho, uma inketho ye-noImplicitAny isethelwe kuqiniso, umdidiyeli uzokwenza umzamo wokubheka uhlobo futhi uzophakamisa iphutha lesikhathi sokuhlanganisa uma engakwazi ukwenza kanjalo.
25. Izinhlobo zenyunyana neziphambano zihluka kanjani enye kwenye?
Esikhundleni sokukhiqiza izinhlobo ezintsha kusukela ekuqaleni, izinyunyana nezinhlobo ze-intersection zikuvumela ukuthi uqambe futhi uhlanganise izinhlobo ezikhona. Kokubili inyunyana kanye nokuhlangana kunezimfanelo ezihlukile ezizenza ziphelele ezimweni ezithile zokusetshenziswa.
Uhlobo olungase lube olunye lwezinhlobo ezimbalwa lubizwa ngokuthi uhlobo lwenyunyana. Uhlu lwezinhlobo ezizosetshenziswa ohlotsheni olusha luhlukaniswa kusetshenziswa i- | (ibha eqondile) uphawu ezinhlotsheni zenyunyana.
Ake sibheke umfanekiso:
Ngakolunye uhlangothi, ukuphambanamgwaqo kuchazwa njengohlobo oluhlanganisa izinhlobo eziningi zibe yinto eyodwa, ehlanganisa zonke izici zohlobo ngalunye ukuze kwakhe uhlobo olusha. Uhlu lwezinhlobo ezizohlanganiswa luhlukaniswe ngeziphambano kusetshenziswa uphawu nophawu.
Ake sihlole umfanekiso:
26. Ulichaza kanjani igama elingukhiye le-TypeScript Declare?
Awekho amafayela esimemezelo se-TypeScript kulabhulali ye-JavaScript noma kuzinhlaka. Nokho, kufanele usebenzise igama elingukhiye lokumemezela ukuze ulisebenzise kufayela le-TypeScript ngaphandle kokuhlangabezana namaphutha okuhlanganiswa.
Uma ufisa ukucacisa okuguquguqukayo okungenzeka ukuthi sekukhona kwenye indawo, usebenzisa igama elingukhiye lokumemezela ezimemezelweni nezindlela ezizungezile.
27. Ku-TypeScript, ayini amajenerikhi?
Ithuluzi elibizwa nge-TypeScript Generics linikeza indlela yokukhiqiza izingxenye ezisebenziseka kabusha. Esikhundleni sokusebenza ngohlobo olulodwa kuphela lwedatha, ingathuthukisa izingxenye ezingasebenza ngebanga lezinhlobo zedatha.
Ukwengeza, inikeza uhlobo lokuphepha ngaphandle kokudela ukusebenza kahle noma ukukhiqiza. Singakha amakilasi ajwayelekile, imisebenzi ejwayelekile, izindlela ezijwayelekile, kanye nezixhumanisi ezijwayelekile ngenxa yamajenerikhi.
Ama-generic angamaqoqo athayiphiwe kakhulu njengoba uhlobo lwepharamitha lubhalwa phakathi kwabakaki abavuliwe () nabavala (>). Isebenzisa uhlobo oluhlukile lohlobo oluguquguqukayo olubizwa ngokuthi i-T olumele izinhlobo.
28. Isho ukuthini i-JSX ku-TypeScript?
I-JSX iyi-JavaScript esemthethweni engaguqulwa isuke ku-syntax eshumekiwe efana ne-XML. Kanye nohlaka lwe-React, i-JSX ithole ukuduma.
Ukuhlanganiswa okuqondile, ukuqinisekiswa kohlobo, nokushumeka kwe-JSX ku-JavaScript kusekelwa yi-TypeScript. Kufanele unikeze ifayela lakho isandiso se-a.tsx futhi wenze inketho ye-JSX isebenze uma ufisa ukuyisebenzisa.
29. Iyini i-TypeScript Ambients futhi kufanele ngiyisebenzise nini?
Umhlanganisi uyaziswa mayelana nekhodi yomthombo wangempela etholakala kwenye indawo ngezimemezelo ezizungezile.
Izophuka ngaphandle kwesaziso sangaphambilini uma sizama ukusebenzisa lawa makhodi omthombo ngesikhathi sokusebenza kodwa awekho. Amafayela afana nedokhumenti angamafayela ezimemezelo ezizungezile.
Uma umthombo ushintsha, amadokhumenti kufanele abuyekezwe, bese kuba nezinkinga zomhlanganisi uma ifayela lesimemezelo se-ambient lingashintshwa.
Ukwengeza, kusenza sikwazi ukusebenzisa imitapo yolwazi ye-JavaScript eyaziwayo esevele isetshenziswa kabanzi, njenge-jQuery, AngularJS, NodeJS, njll.
30. Usho ukuthini ngeklasi elingabonakali ku-TypeScript?
Izigaba ze-abstract zichaza inkontileka yento ngaphandle kokuvumela ukwakheka kwento eqondile. Kodwa-ke, ikilasi le-abstract lingaphinda linikeze imininingwane yokusetshenziswa kwelungu.
Ilungu elilodwa noma ngaphezulu abstract lingatholakala ekilasini abstract. Amalungu angabonakali e-superclass kufanele abe nokuqaliswa okunikezwa yinoma yimaphi amakilasi anweba ikilasi elingabonakali.
Ake sibheke isibonelo se-TypeScript sekilasi elingabonakali nokuthi isigaba esihlukile singasinweba kanjani. Nakuba womabili amakilasi Emoto kanye Nebhayisikili esibonelweni esingezansi enweba isigaba Semoto, ngalinye lisebenzisa umsebenzi we-drive() ngendlela ehlukile.
31. Liyini ngempela ifayela le-TypeScript Map?
Ifayela lemephu elingumthombo elibizwa ngokuthi ifayela le-TypeScript Map liqukethe idatha emayelana namafayela ethu oqobo. Amafayela emephu yomthombo, noma amafayela we-.map, avumela amathuluzi ukuthi enze imephu phakathi kwekhodi ye-JavaScript ekhishwayo kanye namafayela omthombo we-TypeScript ayikhiqizile.
Ukwengeza, lawa mafayela angasetshenziswa abalungisa iphutha, okusivumela ukuthi silungise ifayela le-TypeScript kunefayela le-JavaScript.
32. Ku-TypeScript, yiziphi izinhlobo zokugomela?
Ngenkathi ukuqinisekiswa kohlobo kusebenza ngendlela efanayo nasekubhaleni ngomshini kwezinye izilimi njenge-C# ne-Java, akukwenzi ukuqinisekiswa kohlobo noma ukuhlela kabusha idatha.
Nakuba ukugomela kohlobo kungenamthelela esikhathini sokusebenza, uhlobo lokusakaza lunikeza lolu sekelo. Uhlobo lokugomela, ngakolunye uhlangothi, lusetshenziswa kuphela umdidiyeli futhi lunikeza isiqondiso sokuthi sifuna ikhodi yethu ihlolwe kanjani.
Isiphetho
Sengiphetha, sithemba ukuthi le mibuzo yenhlolokhono ye-TypeScript izoba usizo kuwe, noma ngabe ungumthuthukisi olungiselela inhlolokhono yomsebenzi noma ungumphathi oqashayo ozama ukuthola umfakisicelo ongcono kakhulu.
Khumbula ukuthi inqubo yokuqasha ihilela okungaphezu nje kobuchwepheshe bezobuchwepheshe. Ukuqinisekisa ukuthi uthola (noma uthole umfakisicelo ofanele) umsebenzi, ulwazi lwangaphambilini namakhono athambile abalulekile ngokufanayo.
Imibuzo eminingi yenhlolokhono ye-TypeScript ivulekile futhi ayinayo impendulo eyodwa efanele, ngakho gcina lokho engqondweni.
Abaxoxisana nabo banentshisekelo esibangeni sezimpendulo zakho.
Hlala ulungele imibuzo yokulandelela echaza ukuthi ufike kanjani empendulweni yakho. Chaza inqubo yakho yokucabanga.
shiya impendulo