Okuqukethwe[Fihla][Bonisa]
- Yini Umphathi Wesistimu?
Izibopho Zomlawuli Wesistimu+-
- 1. Ukuphatha kanye Nezimvume Zomsebenzisi
- 2. Isexwayiso & Ukuqapha
- 3. Ukugcina, ukuvuselela, kanye nokufakwa kwesofthiwe
- 4. Ukuphathwa kanye Nokuhlelwa Kwamafayela
- 5. Ukuphathwa kwe-SSO kanye Nephasiwedi
- 6. Izinqubomgomo Nezinqubo Zokusebenzisa Uhlelo
- 7. Security
- 8. Ukubuyekeza Ama-Runbooks Nokugcina Amadokhumenti Asesikhathini Sakamuva
- 9. Ukutholwa, Ukusabela, kanye Nokulungiswa Kwezehlakalo
- 10. Ukuxazulula izinkinga nokulungiselela
- Ingabe Izitifiketi Ziyadingeka Kubaphathi Besistimu?
- Isiphetho
Njengoba amabhizinisi amaningi kangaka amukela ubuchwepheshe bamuva, ukuba nengqalasizinda ye-IT eqinile kubaluleke kakhulu kunangaphambili. Isikhathi sokuphumula asigcini nje ngokuphazamisa amabhizinisi; kungase futhi kubakhiphe ngokushesha ebhizinisini.
Izindleko ezimaphakathi zesikhathi sokuphumula se-IT zingama- $ 5,600 ngomzuzu, ngokusho kombiko kaGartner.
Yingakho amabhizinisi edinga abaphathi besistimu ukuthi bagcine yonke isofthiwe yebhizinisi yabo isesikhathini futhi isebenza.
Ngoba cishe yonke inhlangano manje incike kakhulu ekusebenzeni okuqinile kwe-IT, abaphathi bezinhlelo zamakhompiyutha abanekhono badingeka kakhulu ukugcina nokuphatha amanethiwekhi ekhompyutha.
Ama-Sysadmins angompetha banamuhla abagcina ibhizinisi liqhubeka. Ngakho-ke, lokhu akuwona umsebenzi wabantu ababuthakathaka benhliziyo.
Kulokhu okuthunyelwe, sizohlola ukuphathwa kwesistimu ngokujulile, kanye namakhono adingekayo ukuze ube umlawuli wesistimu ophumelelayo.
Ake siqale.
Yini Umphathi Wesistimu?
Umphathi wesistimu (sysadmin) uchwepheshe we-IT olawula indawo yekhompiyutha yabasebenzisi abaningi futhi aqinisekise ukuthi izinsiza ze-IT nezinhlelo zokusekela zisebenza ngokusebenza okuphezulu.
Ama-Sysadmins anesibopho sokugcina amakhompyutha enkampani yawo, amaseva, kanye ne-inthanethi isebenza ngaso sonke isikhathi ukuze kugwenywe ukuphazamiseka kwebhizinisi. Ukusethwa kwesistimu nokulungiswa, njengokufaka nokulungisa amaphutha ezingxenyekazi zekhompuyutha nesofthiwe, kanye nokuhlaziya ubuchwepheshe obusha bamabhizinisi abo, konke kuyingxenye yale nqubo.
Abaphathi besistimu bavamise ukuphatha ukufaka, ukunakekela, ukulungisa, nokulungisa amaseva, amanethiwekhi, nezinye izinhlelo zekhompyutha.
Basebenzisana nakho kokubili ihadiwe nesofthiwe, bafunda ukuhlela okuncane nokubhala ukuze benze imisebenzi nemisebenzi kuzo zonke izinhlelo zabo zokusebenza nengqalasizinda.
Sekungamashumi eminyaka, ama-SysAdmins asebenze kakhulu ngemuva ukuze aqinisekise ukutholakala kanye nesikhathi sezinsiza zakho ezibaluleke kakhulu ze-IT.
Futhi, nakuba ukukhula kwe-DevOps kanye ne-cloud computing kubangele ukwanda kwenani labantu abane-hybrid SysAdmin/Developer skillset, imisebenzi eyisisekelo yomlawuli wesistimu iyohlale ibalulekile.
Abaphathi besistimu banamuhla banekhono kukho kokubili ihadiwe nesofthiwe, ukwakha okuqinile, izakhiwo ezivikelekile ukuze kuqinisekiswe impumelelo yebhizinisi.
Emkhakheni we-DevOps, abathuthukisi be-software baya bathanda i-SysAdmins, futhi i-SysAdmins ifana kakhulu nonjiniyela, okuholela ekubambisaneni okuthuthukisiwe kanye nezihibe zempendulo eziqinile kuwo wonke amaqembu.
Izibopho Zomlawuli Wesistimu
Njengo-SysAdmin, uwena ophethe konke tech kanye ne-IT stack. Lokhu kusho ukuthi uwena ophethe isistimu egcina inhlangano yakho ephelele isebenza endaweni ye-IT. Njalo ngesekhondi iwebhusayithi yakho noma iseva ingaxhunyiwe ku-inthanethi ikubiza imali ngokuya ngomkhiqizo ogejiwe, imali engenayo, kanye nezindleko zesikhathi sokuphumula.
Okokuqala nokubalulekile, ama-SysAdmins adinga ukuba abaxazululi bezinkinga. Ukuba umlawuli wesistimu onekhono kusho ukuthi uzokwazi ukufunda izinto ezintsha futhi ube nempendulo eqinile nethimba lakho labathuthukisi, elinamasistimu wokusebenza amaningi, izilungiselelo zenethiwekhi, nokukhathazeka kokuphepha okufanele kusingathwe.
Nokho, ukuze ube nomuzwa ongcono wamakhono nobuchwepheshe ozodinga ukwazi, ake sibheke eminye imisebenzi evamile ye-SysAdmin.
1. Ukuphatha kanye Nezimvume Zomsebenzisi
Ukugunyazwa komsebenzisi nokuphathwa kwazo zonke izinhlelo zokusebenza namasevisi ngokuvamile kuphathwa abalawuli besistimu. I-SysAdmins inganikeza izindima zabasebenzisi futhi ilawule isitaki se-IT esiphelele sebhizinisi, iqinisekise ukuthi wonke umuntu unokufinyelela okuphephile kuzinhlelo zokusebenza namasevisi awadingayo.
2. Isexwayiso & Ukuqapha
Ngokuya ngokugeleza komsebenzi wakho nesitaki sobuchwepheshe, umlawuli wesistimu unesibopho sokuqapha nokuxwayisa kuzo zonke izinhlelo zakho zokusebenza nengqalasizinda. Ngokuqapha iseva ebalulekile namamethrikhi enethiwekhi njenge-CPU, ukusetshenziswa kwediski, i-DNS, ukubambezeleka, ne-ETL, ama-sysadmins angathola umcimbi.
Bangakwazi-ke ukusetha izexwayiso ezisekelwe kumibandela yokuqapha ukuze bathole izexwayiso lapho bekhona ubunzima obukhulu. Ama-SysAdmins kumele akwazi ukuhlaziya impilo yezinhlelo zawo esebenzisa kokubili ukuphuma nezinkomba zesistimu zangaphandle nezangaphakathi, okuholela ekwakhiweni kwezakhiwo obala.
3. Ukugcina, ukuvuselela, kanye nokufakwa kwesofthiwe
Kuyisibopho se-SysAdmin ukusungula imithetho nezinqubo zokufakwa kwesofthiwe nokuthuthukiswa. I-SysAdmin kufanele ikwazi ukubona futhi ixazulule noma yibuphi ubunzima obuvela ngenxa yokuthuthukiswa okusha noma ukuncika phakathi kwezinguqulo ezintsha zezinhlelo.
4. Ukuphathwa kanye Nokuhlelwa Kwamafayela
I-SysAdmin ngokuvamile izobeka imithetho nezinqubo endaweni mayelana nendlela amafayela ahlelwa ngayo futhi abiwe ngayo yonke inkampani ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuvumelana kwedatha nokuhleleka. Lokhu, njengeminye imisebenzi eminingi ye-SysAdmin, kuhlanganisa ukuvikela ukuphepha ezinsongweni zangaphandle kanye nokunika amandla ukufinyelela okufanele, okusheshayo kudatha yabasebenzi.
5. Ukuphathwa kwe-SSO kanye Nephasiwedi
I-SysAdmin iphethe ukuphathwa kwephasiwedi kanye nezinqubomgomo nezinqubo ze-SSO kuyo yonke inhlangano. Bangakwazi ukushintsha amagama ayimfihlo futhi baqinisekise ukuthi zonke izimo zokuphepha zanelisiwe.
Uma i-SSO kanye/noma ukuqinisekiswa kwezinto ezimbili kusetshenziswa, umlawuli wesistimu unesibopho sokuqapha lobu buchwepheshe nokusiza abasebenzi ukuthi bathole ukufinyelela kumasistimu abawadingayo lapho bewadinga.
6. Izinqubomgomo Nezinqubo Zokusebenzisa Uhlelo
Umlawuli wesistimu uzodinga ukuthuthukisa izinqubo ezingcono kakhulu zokubhekana nezinhlelo zenhlangano ezingeni eliphezulu. Lokhu kuhlanganisa yonke into kusukela kusofthiwe yakho yobunikazi kuya kuzinhlelo zokusebenza namasevisi e-IT ezinkampani zangaphandle.
I-SysAdmins ingashintsha ngendlela emangalisayo indlela umsebenzi owenziwa ngayo ngaphakathi enkampanini ngokuqeqesha abantu ukuthi bangasebenzisa kanjani amasistimu ngendlela ephephile nephumelelayo.
7. Security
Kufanele kube phezulu emqondweni womlawuli wesistimu noma nini lapho esebenza kuphrojekthi. Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi amalungelo omsebenzisi noma indlela ithimba eliphatha ngayo imibhalo, i-SysAdmins kufanele ifeze yonke imisebenzi ngendlela ephephile. I-SysAdmin izoqonda indlela yokusetha amanethiwekhi, izinqubomgomo, namaseva ngendlela ephephile nephephile.
8. Ukubuyekeza Ama-Runbooks Nokugcina Amadokhumenti Asesikhathini Sakamuva
I-SysAdmins ivamise ukuba nesibopho sokubuyekeza ama-runbook nokuphatha imibhalo. Lokhu kungase kube umzamo onzima endaweni yepayipi le-CI/CD. Abaphathi besistimu kufanele baqonde indlela yokusebenzisa i-automation ukuze kugcinwe ama-runbook namadokhumenti kusesikhathini futhi alungise ngaphandle kokunciphisa inqubo yokuthuthukisa.
9. Ukutholwa, Ukusabela, kanye Nokulungiswa Kwezehlakalo
Abalawuli besistimu abakwazi ukuvele baxube futhi bafanise i-IT yabo nezindawo zokuphepha. Kumele bayakhe ngendlela yokuthi ibonakale futhi isheshe. Ungamisa kanjani isistimu evumela ukutholwa kwesigameko esisheshayo, ukusabela, nokulungiswa esimweni lapho kuphakama inkinga? Iliphi izinga lokuqapha nokwexwayisa elidingekayo? Ukuze bazuze okuningi kubo ukuphathwa kwesigameko amasu, ama-SysAdmins kufanele aqaphele yonke le mibuzo.
10. Ukuxazulula izinkinga nokulungiselela
Umqondisi wesistimu onekhono uzoba umxazululi wezinkinga omkhulu ongacabanga ngezindlela zokuzilungiselela okungalindelekile. Amaqembu aletha izakhiwo eziyinkimbinkimbi ngokushesha eminyakeni yobudala ye-CI/CD ne-DevOps, okwenza umsebenzi we-SysAdmin ube nzima kakhulu kunangaphambili.
Ngakho-ke, njenge-SysAdmin, ukuthola izixazululo zokuqeda izingqinamba emjikelezweni wokuphila wokuthunyelwa ngenkathi futhi wehlisa ubungozi ku-IT yakho nengqalasizinda yezokuphepha kuyohlale kwenza umsebenzi wakho ube lula.
System Administration Technologies & Amakhono
Ukuze kusebenze osukwini lwamanje, abalawuli besistimu kufanele baqonde ukuhlela, ukuzenzekelayo, kanye nekhompyutha yamafu. Ama-SysAdmins enza okungaphezu nje kokuqalisa kabusha amaseva kanye nokukhipha imishini engasasebenzi; baqinisekisa ukwethembeka kanye nesikhathi sayo yonke isoftware nengqalasizinda yakho.
Njengomphumela walokho, besifuna ukudlula kwamanye amakhono akamuva kanye nobuchwepheshe abaphathi besistimu okufanele babuqaphele:
1. Amafu
As AWS, I-Azure, Futhi I-GCP sezithathiwe, abaphathi besistimu emhlabeni wonke kumele bafunde ukuxhumanisa amasistimu efwini. Yimaphi amathuluzi angcono kakhulu wokuqapha nokuxwayisa ongawasebenzisa? Manje njengoba ingqalasizinda yakho isisekelwe efwini, kufanele uwaphathe kanjani amaseva akho namanethiwekhi?
Ama-SysAdmins abhekana nemibuzo efana nalena njalo, okufaka phakathi ukunganakwa nokuphepha ohlelweni lulonke. Kodwa-ke, njengoba cishe zonke izinhlelo zokusebenza nensizakalo ithuthela efwini, iba ngelinye lamakhono abaluleke kakhulu kuma-SysAdmins emhlabeni jikelele.
I-2. I-Git
Uhlelo lokulawula inguqulo I-Git ethandwa kakhulu. Indlela yokulandelela izinguquko zekhodi kanye nezinguqulo eziningi zohlelo noma isevisi ibizwa ngokuthi isilawuli senguqulo. I-SysAdmins ingabuyisela ngokushesha ukuthunyelwa noma ukuthuthukisa uma kunenkinga ngenguqulo yamanje yesevisi.
Ukuze kuthuthukiswe ipayipi elithembekile le-CI/CD nokuhlinzeka ngokubonakala kuyo yonke iminyango yonjiniyela neye-IT, ukulawulwa kwenguqulo kubalulekile. Ukuze ubuke ngokushesha okwenziwa onjiniyela, ubone amaphutha, futhi uwalungise ngaphambi kokuthi athinte amakhasimende, ama-SysAdmins kufanele aqonde ukulawula inguqulo.
3. Ukuphathwa kwe-automation kanye nokumisa
Ukuze uphumelele njenge-SysAdmin, kufanele ujwayele amathuluzi afana nePuppet, Chef, Ansible, kanye noJenkins. Lobu buchwepheshe buvumela abaphathi besistimu ukuthi benze ngokuzenzakalelayo imisebenzi ehlukahlukene kanye nezilungiselelo kuwo wonke umjikelezo wokuphila wokukhishwa, okuholela emaphutheni ambalwa kanye nokuthunyelwa okusheshayo.
Njengomphumela walokho, esikhundleni sokubuyekeza amaphrojekthi azayo noma ukubhekana nokwenyuka kosekelo, onjiniyela bangagxila ekuthuthukiseni izinhlelo zokusebenza ezintsha namasevisi.
4. Gcina iseva nenethiwekhi
Ama-SysAdmins, njengoba kushiwo ngaphambili, kufanele ajwayele ukungena nokuphuma kweseva nokuphathwa kwenethiwekhi. Lawa makhompyutha namanethiwekhi ayizisekelo zenkampani yakho, ayisekela futhi ilethe inani kubathengi.
Ngenxa yalokho, abaphathi besistimu kufanele bahlale bethuthukisa izinqubo ukuze bagcine amasistimu athembeke kakhulu, banciphise ukucisha, futhi bathuthukise ukuphendula kwesigameko lapho umcimbi wenzeka.
5.SQL
Ulimi lokuphathwa kwesizindalwazi oluvame kakhulu ulimi lwemibuzo oluhlelekile (SQL), okuyikhono lobuchwepheshe elibalulekile ukuze umlawuli wezinhlelo abe nalo.
Ukuqonda i-SQL kwenza umlawuli wezinhlelo akwazi ukuphatha imininingwane egciniwe ebalulekile yenkampani futhi anikeze noma abele usizo kubasebenzi abanobunzima bokufinyelela kusizindalwazi.
6. Ukuhlela nokubhala
Umlawuli wezinhlelo kufanele abe nolwazi olunzulu lwezinhlelo zekhompiyutha kanye nezilimi ezisetshenziswa kumanethiwekhi enkampani. Uma izinkinga zivela kunethiwekhi, umlawuli wesistimu angasebenzisa ukubhala nokubhala ikhodi ukuze asuse iphutha elibalulekile. Umlawuli wezinhlelo angaphinda asebenzise amakhono okubhala amakhodi ukuze akhe izikripthi ezenza izinqubo ngokuzenzakalelayo futhi zenze imisebenzi yansuku zonke isebenze kahle kakhulu.
I-7. Ezokuxhumana
Kufanele ukwazi ukukhuluma ngokucacile nabantu njengomphathi wezinhlelo. Kubalulekile ukuxhumana nelungu lethimba lakho lezobuchwepheshe noma isisebenzi esingesona esochwepheshe komunye umnyango esibhekene nezinkinga zokufinyelela inethiwekhi ngendlela abangayiqonda.
Lokhu kubaluleke kakhulu lapho uchazela isisebenzi esingenalwazi ngobuchwepheshe besimanje ulwazi lobuchwepheshe. Kubalulekile futhi ukuba namakhono okuxhumana omlomo nabhaliwe ukuze unikeze isiqondiso futhi ubike kosebenza nabo.
8. Ukuthatha izinqumo
Emabhizinisini amaningi, uhlelo lwenethiwekhi lubalulekile ekusebenzeni kwansuku zonke, futhi ukucisha kwenethiwekhi kungaba nemiphumela emibi kakhulu. Lapho ebhekene nenkinga eshintsha ukusebenza kwenethiwekhi endaweni enengcindezi ephezulu, umlawuli wezinhlelo kufanele ahlaziye isimo, athole izixazululo ezisebenzayo, futhi akhethe leyo enikeza imiphumela engcono kakhulu yebhizinisi.
9. Ukuxazulula izinkinga
Ihlola zonke izimbangela zenkinga ukuze kutholakale isici. Lapho kuxazululwa inkinga, umlawuli wezinhlelo uqhuba izivivinyo eziyisisekelo ukuze aqinisekise ukuthi izingcezu zenethiwekhi zisebenza kahle, futhi noma yikuphi ukwehluleka kusetshenziselwa ukunciphisa izizathu ezingaba khona zenkinga enkulu.
Ukuxazulula izinkinga kobuchwepheshe, ukuqonda okujulile kwesistimu nezinkinga ezijwayelekile, kanye nokucabanga okuhlakaniphile ukuze uzame izivivinyo ezintsha noma izisombululo konke kungamakhono awusizo okuxazulula inkinga.
Ingabe Izitifiketi Ziyadingeka Kubaphathi Besistimu?
Ukunikeza isitifiketi kungasiza abaphathi bezinhlelo zesikhathi esizayo bakhulise ukuthengiseka kwabo. Izitifiketi ziyizitifiketi zokuzithandela, zezinkampani zangaphandle ezitholwe ngaphandle kwediploma yasekolishi ukuze kuboniswe amakhono omuntu. Ukuthola izitifiketi zezinto eziqashwa inkampani yabo kunenzuzo kubaphathi bezinhlelo.
I-Microsoft, i-Cisco, i-Oracle, i-Linux, ne-VMware, isibonelo, inikeza izitifiketi. I-CompTIA, inhlangano esiza abantulayo edumile eyasungulwa ngo-1982, isigunyaze ochwepheshe be-IT abangaphezu kwezigidi ezingu-2.2 abaneziqu ezifana ne-Server+ ne-Network+. Ukuhlolwa kwe-proctored yamahora angu-2.5 kubiza u-$400 ukuze ube Umlawuli Wesistimu Oqinisekisiwe Wesigqoko Esibomvu (RHCSA).
Abanye abaphathi bephrojekthi bakhetha ukuqinisekiswa yi-Project Management Institute (PMI). Ngemuva kokuphumelela ukuhlolwa kwemizuzu eyi-130, i-Amazon Web Services iklomelisa igama le-Certified SysOps Administrator.
I-Google Cloud Professional Network Engineer ingaba umlawuli wezinhlelo.
Isiphetho
Ebhizinisini le-IT, i-SysAdmin iyisikhundla esibalulekile nesidingeka kakhulu. Uma uzama ukungena embonini ye-IT, isikhundla se-SysAdmin siyindawo enhle ukuqala ngomholo omuhle kakhulu.
Njengomphathi we-SysAdmin, uzoqhubeka nokuxazulula izinkinga futhi uxazulule izinkinga ezihlukahlukene ezivelayo, ngakho-ke uzozithola uthola amakhono amasha nobuchwepheshe emsebenzini nsuku zonke.
Uzothuthukisa ubuchwepheshe nolwazi ngokusebenzisana eduze neminye iminyango endaweni ye-DevOps.
shiya impendulo