Njengoba amabhizinisi amaningana azimele elungiselela ukutshala izinkanyezi ezinkulu zesathelayithi eminyakeni ezayo, umjaho omusha wasemkhathini uyaqhubeka.
Njengoba amabhizinisi eqhudelana nelungelo lokuletha ukuxhumana kwe-broadband yasemaphandleni ezigidini zamakhasimende angaba khona avela ngaphezu kwamafu, umzabalazo wokuphakama embonini ye-inthanethi yesathelayithi ethuthuka ngokushesha uya ushuba.
Isidingo sokufinyelela ku-inthanethi okusheshayo, okuthembekile ezindaweni zasemakhaya nasezindaweni ezingazodwa siyakhula njengoba umsebenzi osemajukujukwini uqala ukubonakala sengathi uzohlala isikhathi eside ngale kwalolu bhubhane futhi njengoba umnotho womhlaba wonke uthuthuka ngesivinini esikhula njalo.
Abahlinzeki be-inthanethi yesathelayithi baphuthuma ukugcwalisa isikhala, bayaqhudelana ukuze banikeze i-inthanethi esheshayo, ene-latency ephansi evela emkhathini, njengoba amanethiwekhi ezinkampani ezithwala umhlaba eqhubeka nokuthola "hhayi amabala" ezingxenyeni ezibalulekile zomhlaba futhi abhekane nezindleko ezinqamulelayo ezihlobene nokuletha ukuxhumana okusezingeni eliphezulu. Ukusabalala okufana ne-5G ezindaweni ezikude kakhulu zomhlaba.
I-Starlink ka-Elon Musk kanye ne-Amazon's Project Kuiper njengamanje balwela ingxenye yesenzo kule makethe yezokuxhumana esafufusa, nakuba akubona bodwa abaqhudelana nabo. Omunye wabaqhudelani abathathu abakhulu ku-LEO (low earth orbit) izinkanyezi ze-inthanethi zesathelayithi kanye nempendulo ye-Amazon ku-Starlink yi-Project Kuiper.
Ngo-Ephreli 2019, i-Amazon yethula i-Project Kuiper okokuqala ngqa. Insizakalo ye-inthanethi yesathelayithi yethulwa yi-Amazon ngonyaka olandelayo ngokutshalwa kwezimali kuka-$10 billion.
I-Project Kuiper, njenge-Starlink, ihlose ukugcina amashumi ezinkulungwane zamasathelayithi emzileni ophansi womhlaba ukuze asakaze futhi athole idatha evela kumatheminali abasebenzisi neziteshi eziphansi. Yize konke ukuthunyelwa kungathatha ishumi leminyaka noma ngaphezulu, ukwethulwa kwesathelayithi kwe-Project Kuiper kokuqala kuhlelelwe ngasekupheleni kuka-2022.
Sizoveza umehluko phakathi kweProjekthi Kuiper ne-Starlink kulokhu okuthunyelwe. Sizoxoxa ngomklamo womlaza wesathelayithi, iziteshi ezingaphansi, igiya labasebenzisi, nohlelo lokuthunyelwa.
Iyini i-Project Kuiper?
Ukungena kwe-Amazon kwindandatho ye-inthanethi yesathelayithi Iphrojekthi Kuiper, okwamenyezelwa entwasahlobo ka-2019. Umlaza wesathelayithi olindelwe ozosekela le nethiwekhi, kahle, mkhulu ngokwezinkanyezi ngenxa yemithombo ecishe ingapheli i-Amazon enganikela ngayo, efana ne-Starlink.
Ngokwemibiko, uKuiper usesebenzise amaRandi ayizigidi eziyizinkulungwane eziyi-10 ukuthola amasathelayithi ayo angu-3,236 ku-orbit kusukela ethole ilayisensi ye-FCC yokuqala ukwethulwa kwesathelayithi ngoJulayi wonyaka odlule. I-Amazon ithe esitatimendeni sezindaba ukuthi "iphrojekthi yalolu hlobo idinga umsebenzi omkhulu nemali, futhi uma kubhekwa uhlobo lwezinkanyezi ze-LEO, akulona uhlobo lomzamo ongaqala luncane."
Ukuze kuhlinzekwe nge-inthanethi kumakhasimende anganakiwe, izinhlelo ze-Amazon zeKuiper, eziqanjwe ngesazi sezinkanyezi uGerard Kuiper, zidinga ingqikithi yamasathelayithi amancane angu-3,236 endaweni ephansi yoMhlaba.
Kodwa-ke, lokhu kugxuma okukhulu kuzofanela kwandulelwe yizinyathelo ezimbili ezincane, okuzoba wuvivinyo olwethulwa yinkampani ngekota yesine ka-2022.
Kule mishini yesibonelo, ibhizinisi liqashe umakhi werokhethi omusha. Futhi akuyona iBlue Origin, inkampani yasemkhathini eyasungulwa uJeff Bezos, umdali we-Amazon, manje osehlele izindiza ezimbili ezingaphansi kwe-suborbital, ezithwala abantu emkhathini njengoBezos nomlingisi uWilliam Shatner.
I-Blue Origin ayikathumeli impahla emkhathini okwamanje. Esikhundleni salokho, i-Amazon izosebenzisa amarokhethi e-ABL Space Systems' RS1 ukwethula ama-prototypes ayo e-KuiperSat-1 kanye ne-KuiperSat-2 emigwaqweni engamamayela angu-367-high ukusuka eCape Canaveral Space Force Station eFlorida, esiseduze ne-Kennedy Space Center.
Yini i-Starlink?
I-Starlink ingumlaza wesathelayithi ohlinzeka ngoxhumano lwe-inthanethi olunesivinini esikhulu. Inhloso ye-SpaceX ngale sevisi entsha ukuletha uxhumano lwe-inthanethi olunesivinini esikhulu, olune-latency ephansi ezingxenyeni zomhlaba ebezinganakekelwa kahle ngokomlando, njengezindawo zasemaphandleni, kanye nokunikeza amanani ancintisanayo ezindaweni zasemadolobheni amakhulu. S
I-tarlink yamenyezelwa okokuqala ngo-2015 yi-CEO ye-SpaceX u-Elon Musk (wodumo lukaTesla). Kusukela lapho, lolu hlelo seluthule amasathelayithi angaba ngu-2,000, kanti amanye asazoqhubeka.
U-Musk ekugcineni uhlela izinkulungwane zamasathelayithi azungeza emzileni ophansi woMhlaba ukuze axhumane nawo wonke ama-transceiver aphansi e-Starlink. Amakhasimende afaka isamukeli sesathelayithi esincane kakhulu ezindlini zawo ukuze axhume kumasathelayithi. Lawa matheminali esathelayithi, okuphindaphindwa kwawo kwakamuva okuthole imvume ye-FCC ngoNovemba 2021, angasethwa noma yikuphi lapho kunombono ocacile wesibhakabhaka.
Iningi labantu lithola ukuthi ukusebenza kahle kakhulu kuvela ekulibekeni phezulu kakhulu, kungaba phezu kwensika noma ophahleni lwendlu yabo. Usebenzisa uhlelo lokusebenza lwe-Starlink, oluhambisana nakho kokubili i-Android ne-iOS, unganquma ukuthi okokusebenza kwakho kufanele kubekwe kuphi.
Insizakalo ingagcina amanani okulanda angama-50 kuye kwayi-150 Mbps futhi ilayishe isivinini esingaba ngu-10 Mbps, ngokusho kwewebhusayithi ye-Starlink. Ukuthi udlala imidlalo, ukusebenzela ukude, ukusakaza-bukhoma okuqukethwe, noma ukuthatha izifundo ze-inthanethi, leso sivinini kufanele sanele izidingo eziningi zasendlini.
Ngenxa yemizamo eqhubekayo yokwandisa inani lamasathelayithi ku-orbit ukuze afakwe, i-Starlink ngezikhathi ezithile iba nokuphazamiseka. Ukuthola indawo yokusetha isidlo sabo ukuze bathole isevisi njalo usuku lonke ngokuvamile kuyinselele enkulu kumakhasimende.
Ngokwemvelo, lesi yisizathu esenza ukuthi isigaba se-beta ye-Starlink sibizwe ngokuthi "Singcono Kunalutho."
Iphrojekthi Kuiper vs Starlink
1. Amasathelayithi akhona
I-Starlink ibe namasathelayithi angaphezu kuka-2,000 ku-orbit kusukela ngo-Ephreli 2022. Awekho amasathelayithi asuka ku-Project Kuiper okwamanje ajikelezayo, kodwa amabili awo okuqala kulindeleke ukuthi ethule engxenyeni yokugcina ka-2022. Cishe kumasathelayithi angu-12,000, i-FCC igunyaze i-SpaceX's Starlink.
IStarlink isikushilo obala emashumini eminyaka ezayo ukuthi ingangeza amasathelayithi angama-30,000 emikhumbini yayo. Ngomlaza wabo, iProject Kuiper ikhiqize imiklamo yamasathelayithi angu-3,276.
Womabili amabhizinisi ahlela inethiwekhi yomhlaba wonke. Womabili amanethiwekhi angase asebenzise izigidi zabasebenzisi emhlabeni jikelele abangeke babe nokufinyelela ku-inthanethi ye-broadband ngemva kokuthunyelwa okuphelele kwesathelayithi.
2. Ukuthunyelwa nokuqaliswa kwesathelayithi
Kusukela ngoMeyi 2019, iStarlink isiqalile ukwethula amasathelayithi. Baye benza ukwethulwa okungaba ngu-40, babeka amasathelayithi angama-60 endaweni ngayinye. Kuze kube yilapho befeza umgomo wabo wamasathelayithi asebenzayo ayi-12,000, ibhizinisi lihlose ukuqhubeka nokwethula ngenani eliqhathanisekayo.
Awekho amasathelayithi asuka ku-Project Kuiper aku-orbit okwamanje.
Ukwethulwa kwezimbili zokuqala kuhlelelwe ukuphela kuka-2022. I-Project Kuiper yafaka izivumelwano zokuqalisa ngo-April 2022 nama-opharetha amathathu abalulekile ngesamba esingu-83 sokwethulwa eminyakeni eyishumi elandelayo.
3. Ukuphakama kwe-Orbit
Amasathelayithi asendaweni ephansi yomhlaba womabili asetshenziswa yi-Project Kuiper kanye ne-Starlink (LEO). I-orbit engaphansi kwamamayela angu-1,200 ngaphezu komhlaba ibizwa ngokuthi i-LEO. Umbono womsebenzisi wokubambezeleka okuncane kuyinzuzo eyodwa yokusebenza kwamasathelayithi e-LEO.
I-Starlink isivele ibonise ukubambezeleka komhlaba wangempela okuphansi njengokungu-20ms, okuncintisana ne-broadband engaguquki. Amasathelayithi asetshenziswa abahlinzeki besevisi ye-inthanethi yesathelayithi abamisiwe abafana ne-Viasat ne-HughesNet aku-geosynchronous orbit, etholakala cishe ngamamayela angu-22,000 ngaphezu kweplanethi.
Ukubambezeleka okuphezulu kukhiqizwa, okuvamise ukudlula ama-600ms, ngaleli banga elikhulu. Lokhu kwenza izinsiza zabo zingafaneleki emisebenzini eminingi ye-inthanethi ezwela ukubambezeleka, okuhlanganisa nokudlala ku-inthanethi.
Ukuphakama kwe-orbital yamamayela angu-340 kwamasathelayithi e-Starlink. Amasathelayithi e-Project Kuiper azozungeza phakathi kwamamayela angu-370 no-390 ngaphezu komhlaba.
4. I-Hardware Yedivayisi
I-interface yomsebenzisi emise okwesitsha encane ye-Starlink igcina uthi lwezigaba ezinezigaba. Isidlo sinesisindo esingamakhilogremu angu-11 futhi silingana nobukhulu bepuleti le-pizza.
Irutha ye-Wi-Fi kanye nesisekelo sokukhweza nazo zifakiwe kuphakheji yehadiwe. Amakhithi ahlukahlukene wokukhweza namakhebula atholakala njengezesekeli anikezwa ngawodwana.
Itheminali yomsebenzisi ye-Project Kuiper ayikenziwa umphakathi. Kepha ngokusho kwe-Amazon, izobe ihlangene futhi ibe lula kunesitsha sika-Starlink.
Inhloso enkulu yendawo yokusebenza ye-Project Kuiper iwukuba ingabizi ukuze kwandiswe ukusebenza kahle kokukhiqiza. I-antenna ye-Project Kuiper izosebenzisa ubuchwepheshe bohlelo olunezigaba, njengesitsha se-Starlink.
I-5. Ukusebenza
Uma iqhathaniswa nezinye izinketho ze-inthanethi zesathelayithi, i-Starlink isebenza ngendlela encomekayo. Kusukela nge-Q4 2021, isivinini esimaphakathi sokulanda sasicishe sibe ngu-100 Mbps, kuyilapho isivinini esimaphakathi sokulayisha sasicishe sibe ngu-12 Mbps.
Ukubambezeleka kuqhathaniswa ne-broadband engaguquki ku-20–40 ms. Njengoba kunikezwe ukuthi abahlinzeki abafana ne-HughesNet kanye ne-Viasat banamanani e-latency angaphezu kuka-600ms, ukusebenza kwe-latency kuvelele kakhulu.
I-Starlink ifanele izinhlelo zokusebenza ezizwelayo ukubambezeleka okufana nokudlala ku-inthanethi, ngokungafani nezimbangi. Ngesevisi yayo ye-inthanethi yesathelayithi ehleliwe, i-Project Kuiper ayizange idalule noma yiziphi izinhloso zokusebenza.
Silindele ukuthi isivinini siqhathaniswe ne-Starlink ngoba i-antenna yohlelo olunezigaba ingadawuniloda idatha ngamanani angaphezu kuka-300 Mbps.
Ngenxa yokuthi womabili amasathelayithi ethulwa ngokuphakama okufanayo, okuyisici esiyinhloko esithinta ukubambezeleka nge-inthanethi yesathelayithi, ukubambezeleka kwe-Project Kuiper kufanele kuqhathaniswe nokuka-Starlink.
I-6. Izindleko
Izindleko zokuqala zephakheji yehadiwe ye-Starlink ngu-$599. Azikho izinkontileka noma izimali zokunqanyulwa ngaphambi kwesikhathi, futhi izinga lokubhalisa lanyanga zonke lingu-$110 ngenyanga.
Ukwehla kwamandla emali kube ukuphela kwesici esishiwo i-Starlink njengembangela eyinhloko yokukhuphuka kwezindleko kubathengi ngo-March 2022. I-hardware ekuqaleni yayibiza u-$499, futhi imali yokubhalisa yanyanga zonke yayibekwe ku-$99 ngenyanga.
Yize intengo yeProject Kuiper ingakadalulwa, i-Amazon ithe ifuna ukuhlinzeka ngamanani ancintisanayo. Silindele ukuthi i-Project Kuiper ifanise noma yehlise ngisho nezindleko ze-Starlink, njengoba i-Amazon izinikele ekuhlinzekeni ngetheminali yomsebenzisi engabizi kakhulu.
7. Izinkonzo Ezitholakalayo
I-beta yomphakathi ye-Starlink yaqala ngoNovemba 2019. Njengamanje, le sevisi ifinyeleleka emazweni amaningi emhlabeni jikelele. I-Starlink inamalungu angaphezu kuka-250,000, kanti amanye amaklayenti angu-500,000 asalindile. Izigaba zokuqala zokuthuthuka kwe-Project Kuiper ziyaqhubeka njengamanje.
Le phrojekthi yembulwa ngo-2019, futhi ngokusho kwe-Amazon, amasathelayithi amabili azobe esebenza ngo-2022. Alukho ulwazi oluningi olutholakalayo mayelana nokuthi i-Project Kuiper ihlose ukwethula kanjani izinsizakalo zayo kumakhasimende.
Isiphetho
Okwamanje asinalo ulwazi oluningi oluningi mayelana ne-Project Kuiper. Esikwaziyo ukuthi i-Project Kuiper izokhipha i-inthanethi yesathelayithi yomhlaba wonke isebenzisa amatheminali abasebenzisi abiza kancane namasathelayithi e-LEO, afana nse ne-Starlink.
Ulwazi olubalulekile mayelana nokusebenza nezindleko kuzodingeka lubambezeleke.
Ngokungeziwe kule mininingwane enjalo, akukacaci ukuthi i-Amazon izohlinzeka ngenkonzo yamakhasimende eqondile efana ne-Starlink. I-Amazon ingase isebenzise amabhizinisi esifunda, osonkontileka abazimele, njll. ukuletha insizakalo yayo ye-inthanethi yesathelayithi.
shiya impendulo