Okuqukethwe[Fihla][Bonisa]
- 1. Iyini ngempela i-Object Oriented Programming?
- 2. Kungani ama-OOP edingeka?
- 3. Yiziphi izinzuzo ezinikezwa yizimiso ze-OOPS?
- 4. Yiziphi izinsika zomqondo wama-OOP?
- 5. Liyini ngempela ikilasi?
- 6. Iyini ngempela into?
- 7. Iyini imikhawulo yama-OOP?
- 8. Liyini ifa?
- 9. Kuyini ngempela i-encapsulation?
- 10. Iyini i-polymorphism?
- 11. Kuyini Kahle Ukungalaleli?
- 12. Iyini ngempela indlela yokulayisha ngokweqile?
- 13. Kuyini ngempela ukweqa indlela?
- 14. Iyini ngempela i-superclass?
- 15. Iyini ngempela i-subclass?
- 16. Iyini ngempela i-polymorphism emile?
- 17. Iyini ngempela i-polymorphism enamandla?
- 18. Chaza umbono woMakhi.
- 19. Ziyini ngempela izilungisi zokufinyelela?
- 20. Uyini ngempela umbhubhisi?
- 21. Liyini ngempela ifa eliyingxube?
- 22. Liyini ngempela ifa lesigaba sabefundisi?
- 23. Yiziphi izithiyo zefa?
- 24. Yini ngempela ehlukile?
- 25. Kuyini ngempela ukuphatha okuhlukile, futhi ziyini izinzuzo zako?
- 26. Iyini ngempela imisebenzi ebonakalayo?
- 27. Uyini ngempela umsebenzi wobungane?
- 28. Kuyini ngempela ukuqoqwa kukadoti?
- 29. Kuyini ngempela ukuhlanganisa?
- 30. Kuyini ngempela ukubumbana?
- 31. Chaza ibhulokhi yokuzama/ukubamba.
- 32. Chaza ibhulokhi yokugcina.
- 33. Iyini ngempela i-interface?
- 34. Kuyini ngempela ukuqamba?
- 35. Kuyini ngempela ukuhlanganisa umakhi?
- Isiphetho
Enye yama-paradigms ohlelo anethonya elikhulu ibizwa ngokuthi ama-OOP, noma uhlelo olugxile ezintweni. Esikhundleni semisebenzi nezinqubo, igcizelela amakilasi nezinto.
Inhloso yayo enkulu ukuxhuma idatha nezinto ukuze kube lula ukusebenzisana nazo. Into ngayinye kuma-OOP yenziwe ngekhodi ngendlela yezinqubo noma izindlela kanye nedatha ngesimo sezinkambu.
Izilimi ezifana ne-C++, i-Objective C, i-Python, i-Perl, ne-Java ngezinye zezinto ezithandwa kakhulu izilimi zokuhlela.
Kubalulekile ukuqonda kabanzi ngalokhu ngoba imibuzo yenhlolokhono ye-oops ijwayelekile kakhulu. Amafemu amaningi afuna onjiniyela abajwayelene nezindlela namaphethini agxile ezintweni. Ngakho-ke, uma uhlose ukuya kwinhlolokhono, kufanele wazi kahle imibono ye-OOP.
Imibuzo ehlukahlukene yenhlolokhono egxile entweni kusukela kwabasaqalayo ukuya kumazinga ochwepheshe izoboniswa kulokhu okuthunyelwe. Ngakho-ke ungadlula noma yiliphi izinga lenhlolokhono futhi uvikele isikhundla sakho sephupho.
1. Iyini ngempela i-Object Oriented Programming?
Ukuhlela okugxile ezintweni (OOPs) kusekelwe ezintweni zangempela kunemisebenzi nezinqubo nje. Amakilasi adalelwe imikhiqizo ngayinye.
Ifa, i-polymorphism, nokufihla kuyizibonelo zemiqondo yomhlaba wangempela i-OOP eyifaka ohlelweni. Futhi kwenza kube nokwenzeka ukuxhuma idatha kanye nekhodi.
2. Kungani ama-OOP edingeka?
Kunezizathu ezimbalwa zokuthi kungani ama-OOP ekhethwa, nokho, okulandelayo yizona ezibaluleke kakhulu:
- OOPs, vumela abantu ukuthi baqonde isofthiwe kalula ngisho noma bengajwayele ukusetshenziswa.
- Eshu, thuthukisa ukufundeka kwekhodi, ukuqondakala, nokugcinwa ngenani eliyishumi.
- Ngokusebenzisa ama-OOP, ngisho nezinhlelo zokusebenza ezinkulu kakhulu zingakhiwa kalula futhi zilawulwe.
3. Yiziphi izinzuzo ezinikezwa yizimiso ze-OOPS?
- I-OOPS, izinto ezihlelayo zilingisa izinto zomhlaba wangempela, zinciphisa ubunkimbinkimbi futhi zithuthukisa ukucaca kohlelo.
- Izinto zingasetshenziswa ngokuphindaphindiwe ezinhlelweni eziningi.
- Into ngayinye idala ibhizinisi elihlukile ukusebenza kwalo kwangaphakathi kuzimele kwezinye izingxenye zesistimu.
- Ngokwethula izinto ezimbalwa ezintsha nokubuyekeza ezimbalwa esezivele zikhona, kungenzeka ukwengeza ukusebenza okusha noma ukuzivumelanisa nezimo zokusebenza ezishintshayo.
- Izinqubo zohlelo lwe-OOPs noma ukumelwa kwedatha kungabhekana kalula nokulungiswa okuncane.
4. Yiziphi izinsika zomqondo wama-OOP?
Okulandelayo yizinsika ezinkulu ze-OOP:
Ifa: Ivumela amakilasi ukuthi azuze ifa lezimfanelo zesinye isigaba.
Incapsulation: Lokhu kuchazwa njengempahla yento efihla ulwazi olubalulekile. Lokhu kugcina idatha ifihliwe kumalungu ekilasi. Izicacisi zichaza ukuthi isibaluli sento sifinyelelwa kanjani ngekhodi.
I-Polymorphism: Lokhu kukuvumela ukuthi wenze umsebenzi owodwa ngezindlela eziningi. Kufezwa ngezixhumi ezibonakalayo, lapho simemezela isixhumi esibonakalayo esisodwa esisetshenziswa izikhathi ezimbalwa kamuva.
Abstraction: Ungasebenzisa lo msebenzi ukufihla ulwazi olubucayi emhlabeni wangaphandle futhi wethule amaqiniso abalulekile kuphela.
5. Liyini ngempela ikilasi?
Ikilasi yisifanekiso esakhiwe ngezinto ezisezifundeni ezahlukahlukene kanye nokuziphatha okuhlukile. Inezindlela eziningi ezabelwana ngazo izinto ezikulelo klasi.
6. Iyini ngempela into?
Into iyibhizinisi lomhlaba wangempela elisebenza njengeyunithi eyisisekelo yama-OOP, njengesihlalo, ikati, noma inja. Izinto ezihlukahlukene zinezimo ezihlukahlukene, izakhiwo, nezenzo.
7. Iyini imikhawulo yama-OOP?
- Usayizi mkhulu kunowezinye izinhlelo zokusebenza.
- Kudinga ukujwayela.
- Izinhlobo ezithile zezinkinga azikubizi.
- Kwakunzima kakhulu ukudala, futhi uma kuqhathaniswa nezinye izinhlelo zokusebenza, kusebenza kancane kakhulu.
8. Liyini ifa?
Umbono obizwa ngokuthi ifa ubhekisela ekwabelaneni kwesakhiwo esimisiwe sekilasi nokuziphatha kwesinye isigaba. Uma ifa lisetshenziswa esigabeni esisodwa, libizwa ngefa elilodwa; uma kuncike ezigabeni eziningi, kubizwa ngokuthi amafa amaningi.
9. Kuyini ngempela i-encapsulation?
Umqondo wama-OOP uhlanganisa ne-encapsulation futhi. Ichaza ukuhlanganiswa kwedatha namasu okukhohlisa idatha. Ukwengeza, isiza ekuvimbeleni ukufinyelela okuqondile kwezinye izingxenye zento.
10. Iyini i-polymorphism?
Ngezilimi ze-OOP, i-polymorphism ingumqondo oyisisekelo. Ibonisa ukuthi amakilasi ahlukene angabelana kanjani ngesixhumi esibonakalayo. Lawa makilasi wonke ayakwazi ukuba nokusetshenziswa kwesixhumi esibonakalayo esiyingqayizivele.
11. Kuyini Kahle Ukungalaleli?
I-Abstraction umqondo wezinhlelo ezigxile ezintweni (OOPs) osetshenziselwa ukudala ukwakheka kwezinto zomhlaba wangempela. "Ibonisa" izimfanelo ezibaluleke kakhulu futhi "ifihla" ulwazi olungaphandle oluvela emhlabeni ongaphandle. Umgomo oyisisekelo wokukhipha ukuvikela abantu olwazini olungadingekile.
12. Iyini ngempela indlela yokulayisha ngokweqile?
Kungenzeka ukuthi izinqubo ezimbili noma ngaphezulu zibe negama elifanayo. Kufanele, nokho, abe nemingcele ehlukene, izinombolo ezihlukene zamapharamitha, izinhlobo ezihlukene, noma zombili. Lezi zaziwa njengezindlela ezigcwele kakhulu, futhi isici saziwa ngokuthi indlela yokulayisha ngokweqile.
13. Kuyini ngempela ukweqa indlela?
Uhlelo olugxile entweni luhlanganisa umqondo wokweqa indlela. Kuyisici solimi esivumela isigaba esingaphansi noma ikilasi lengane ukuthi linikeze ukusetshenziswa okwenziwe ngendlela oyifisayo indlela enye yezigaba zayo ezinkulu noma amakilasi omzali asevele eyinikeza.
14. Iyini ngempela i-superclass?
I-superclass, ngokuvamile eyaziwa ngokuthi i-base class, iwuhlobo lwekilasi elisebenza njengomzali welinye ikilasi noma amakilasi. Ikilasi lezimoto, ngokwesibonelo, linesigaba esingaphansi esibizwa ngeVehicle.
15. Iyini ngempela i-subclass?
I-subclass iyisigaba esingaphansi kwesinye isigaba. Iveni, isibonelo, i-Vehicle subclass noma i-derived class.
16. Iyini ngempela i-polymorphism emile?
Ngesikhathi sokuhlanganisa, uhlobo lwe-polymorphism olwaziwa nge-static polymorphism (i-static binding) lwenzeka. Indlela yokulayisha ngokweqile iwuhlobo lwe-polymorphism yesikhathi sokuhlanganisa.
17. Iyini ngempela i-polymorphism enamandla?
Uhlobo lwe-polymorphism oluxazululwa ngesikhathi sokusebenza lubizwa nge-runtime polymorphism, eyaziwa nangokuthi i-polymorphism eguquguqukayo (i-dynamic binding). Ukweqiwa kwezindlela kungumfanekiso we-runtime polymorphism.
18. Chaza umbono woMakhi.
Umakhi yindlela ethile yekilasi ebizwa ngokuzenzakalelayo lapho kwakhiwa isibonelo sekilasi. Uma ufinyelela ekilasini, lakhiwe ngegama elifanayo neleklasi futhi liqalisa wonke amalungu alo. Izici eziyinhloko zomakhi zimi kanje:
Alukho uhlobo lokubuyisela lwabakhi.
Abakhi abalayisha ngokweqile kungenzeka.
Akudingekile ukuba ucacise umakhi; i.NET Framework izokwenza ngokuzenzakalelayo.
19. Ziyini ngempela izilungisi zokufinyelela?
Ngezilimi ezigxile entweni, amagama angukhiye ayizilungisi zokufinyelela noma izicacisi zokufinyelela. Isiza ekucushweni kwamakilasi, izindlela, kanye nokufinyeleleka kwamanye amalungu.
20. Uyini ngempela umbhubhisi?
Umbhubhisi indlela yokukhulula izinsiza ezabelwe into. Uma into ichithwa, le ndlela ibizwa ngokuzenzakalelayo.
21. Liyini ngempela ifa eliyingxube?
Ifa eliyingxubevange liwuhlobo lwefa elikhiqizwa ukuxutshwa kwezinhlobo ezimbalwa zefa ezifana nokukodwa, okuphindaphindiwe, njalonjalo.
22. Liyini ngempela ifa lesigaba sabefundisi?
Izigaba ezingaphansi eziningi zizuza njengefa kusukela kusigaba sabazali esimweni sefa lesizinda. Uhlobo lwefa lapho izigaba eziningi ziphuma kumzali oyedwa noma isigaba esiyisisekelo lwaziwa ngokuthi ifa lesizinda. Isibonelo, isigaba sezithelo singaqukatha izigaba ezifana 'ne-apula,'mango,' 'banana,' 'cherry,' njalonjalo.
23. Yiziphi izithiyo zefa?
Inweba futhi ibe nzima inqubo yokwenza. Kudinga futhi ukushintsha phakathi kwamakilasi ahlukahlukene. Amakilasi omzali nengane ahlala exhumene ngokungenakuhlukaniswa.
Ukulungiswa kohlelo lwezifundo kungadinga ukuthi kubuyekezwe kokubili umzali nekilasi lengane. Ifa kufanele lisetshenziswe ngokucophelela noma imiphumela izoba iphutha.
24. Yini ngempela ehlukile?
Okuhlukile kuyisigameko esiphazamisa ukusebenza okuvamile kwekhodi. Ukuze uqhubeke nokusebenzisa, ungakwazi ukuphatha lokhu okuhlukile ku-Java. Ku-Java, kunezinhlobo eziningi zokuhlukile ezichazwe ngaphambilini, futhi ukuphatha okuhlukile kunikezwa ukuze kulawulwe okuhlukile okuphakanyisiwe kusetshenziswa amabhulokhi okuzama ukubamba.
25. Kuyini ngempela ukuphatha okuhlukile, futhi ziyini izinzuzo zako?
Indlela ebaluleke kakhulu ku-Java yokubhekana nokuhluleka kwesikhathi sokusebenza okungalindelekile ukuphatha okuhlukile. Ikuvumela ukuthi ulawule amaphutha esikhathi sokusebenza avelayo ngesikhathi sokwenziwa kohlelo.
Izinzuzo zokuphatha okuhlukile zifaka ikhono lokugcina ukugeleza kohlelo okuvamile ngenkathi ulawula okuhlukile. Isibonelo, uma iphutha lenzeka esigabeni esisodwa sohlelo, ngeke libe nomthelela ohlelweni olusele uma siphatha okuhlukile ngamabhulokhi okuzama ukubamba.
26. Iyini ngempela imisebenzi ebonakalayo?
Imisebenzi ebonakalayo iphinde ifakwe emisebenzini yekilasi labazali futhi ikhishwe isigaba esingaphansi. Le mizila isiza ekuzuzweni kwe-runtime polymorphism.
27. Uyini ngempela umsebenzi wobungane?
Umsebenzi wobungani umsebenzi okungokwesigaba futhi ovunyelwe ukufinyelela kudatha yawo yomphakathi, eyimfihlo, noma evikelwe. Uma umsebenzi uchazwa ngaphandle kwekilasi, akwenzeki ukubuyisa le datha. Amagama angukhiye okulawula ukufinyelela ayimfihlo, asesidlangalaleni, futhi avikelwe awahlobene nesimemezelo somngane, esingenziwa noma yikuphi esimemezelweni sekilasi.
28. Kuyini ngempela ukuqoqwa kukadoti?
Ukuqoqwa kukadoti (GC) kuyisici sezilimi zokuhlela ezifana ne-C# ne-Java esebenza njengohlelo lokubuyisela inkumbulo. Injini yokuqoqwa kukadoti (GC) iyingxenye yolimi lokuhlela oluvumela ukukhishwa kwesikhala sememori okuzenzakalelayo ezintweni uhlelo olungasazisebenzisi.
29. Kuyini ngempela ukuhlanganisa?
Libhekisela ezimweni lapho izigaba ezihlukahlukene zithembele komunye nomunye futhi zabelana ngolwazi. Ukuxhumana okuqinile kwenzeka lapho ikilasi elilodwa linolwazi oluningiliziwe lwelinye ikilasi. Ungacacisa ukubonakala kwamakilasi, izindlela, noma okuguquguqukayo usebenzisa izilungisi zokufinyelela. Izixhumi ezibonakalayo zisetshenziselwa ukunikeza ukuhlangana okubuthakathaka.
30. Kuyini ngempela ukubumbana?
Indlela ingxenye eyenza ngayo umsebenzi othile ibizwa ngokuthi ukuhlangana kwayo. Indlela eqinile, ehlangene iyomane yenze umsebenzi ochaziwe, kuyilapho indlela ebuthakathaka, ehlangene ingahlukanisa umsebenzi owodwa ube imisebenzi embalwa emincane bese iwuqeda.
Iphakheji ye-Java.io iyahambisana impela, kodwa iphakheji ye-java.util ayifani.
31. Chaza ibhulokhi yokuzama/ukubamba.
Uma uhlelo luhlangabezana nephutha ngenxa yekhodi noma idatha engalungile, "zama" nokuthi "bamba" kubonisa indlela yokuphatha. I-try block yigama lengxenye yekhodi lapho okuhlukile kwenzeka. I-catch block isetshenziselwa ukuthwebula nokubhekana nokuhlukile kumabhulokhi wokuzama.
32. Chaza ibhulokhi yokugcina.
Ingxenye yokusebenza yegama elingukhiye elizamayo ikhonjiswe ekugcineni. Iveza ikhodi ehlala isetshenziswa ngokushesha ngemva kokuhlolwa kanye nanoma yikuphi okubambekayo ngaphambi kokuba indlela iqedwe. Ibhulokhi yokugcina ihlale iqhutshwa noma ngabe okuhlukile kuyaphonswa noma kubanjiwe.
33. Iyini ngempela i-interface?
I-interface iyinhlanganisela yezindlela ezingabonakali kanye nohlobo lwedatha oluchazwe umsebenzisi. Isigaba sisebenzisa isixhumi esibonakalayo, sithola njengefa imisebenzi engabonakali yesixhumi esibonakalayo.
Ikilasi limelela izici nokuziphatha kwento, kuyilapho okusetshenziswa kubonwa kufaka phakathi ukuziphatha okusetshenziswa yikilasi. I-interface imele "ini," kuyilapho Ikilasi lidlulisela "kanjani."
34. Kuyini ngempela ukuqamba?
Ukwakheka kungasetshenziswa ukuze kuzuzwe ukuxhumana. Ibonisa isixhumanisi sento eqinile phakathi kwezinto ezincikile nezizimele, ngokuphambene nokuhlanganisa. Into encikile ayikho kulesi simo futhi izokhishwa uma into engumzali isulwa.
35. Kuyini ngempela ukuhlanganisa umakhi?
I-Construcctor Chaning iyindlela yokubiza umakhi oyedwa komunye ngokuhlobene nereferensi yento yamanje. Kunezinketho ezimbili:
- Umakhi osesigabeni samanje angabhekisela kusetshenziswa igama elingukhiye elithi "leli".
- Igama elingukhiye elithi "super" lizosetshenziselwa ukuncenga umakhi ekilasini lesisekelo.
Isiphetho
Ukuhlelwa kwe-Object Oriented kudinga ukucabanga ngesakhiwo sohlelo nokulungiselela kusenesikhathi. Ihlola indlela yokuhlukanisa izimfuneko zibe amakilasi ayisisekelo, asebenziseka kabusha angasetshenziswa ukudala izimo zezinto.
Sekukonke, ukwamukela i-OOP kunikeza ukuthuthukiswa izakhiwo zedatha kanye nokusetshenziswa kabusha, okugcina isikhathi ngokuhamba kwesikhathi. Bheka Uchungechunge lwezingxoxo lukaHashdork ukuze uthole usizo ngokulungiselela inhlolokhono.
shiya impendulo