Okuqukethwe[Fihla][Bonisa]
Lapho ukhetha umtapo wezincwadi wesofthiwe noma uhlaka, ukuzizwisa kukanjiniyela kuvame ukunakwa.
Uma ngisho “umuzwa wonjiniyela,” ngibhekise endleleni onjiniyela abawenza ngayo umsebenzi. Onjiniyela bakhetha imitapo yolwazi noma izinhlaka ezithokozisayo ukuzisebenzisa.
Lesi ngesinye sezizathu eziyinhloko zokuthi kungani manje sinemitapo yolwazi edume kakhulu nezinhlaka. Njengabathuthukisi, akudingeki ukuthi siqale phansi uma kukhona amathuluzi akhona adaliwe ukuze asisize ngemisebenzi yethu.
Ama-Frameworks izingcezu zesofthiwe ezidalwe futhi zisetshenziswe onjiniyela ukwakha izinhlelo zokusebenza, futhi i-NextJS ingenye yazo.
Kulokhu okuthunyelwe, sizodlula i-Nextjs, izici zayo ezibalulekile, nokuthi singayisebenzisa kanjani ukwakha uhlelo lokusebenza. Asigxumele phakathi.
Yini i-Next.js?
Okulandelayo iwuhlaka lwe-JavaScript lokwakha ngokushesha futhi kalula amakhasi ewebhu amile kanye nezinhlelo zokusebenza eziku-inthanethi ezisekelwe ku-React. Ikuvumela ukuthi udizayine izinhlelo zokusebenza ezinhle zeWebhu zamapulatifomu ahlukahlukene, afaka iWindows, Linux, neMac.
Kufanele ujwayelene ne-Next.js framework uma unolwazi oluncane nge-react futhi ufuna ukufunda okwengeziwe mayelana ne-react ecosystem.
Ngisho noma i-Next.js iza nakho konke okudingayo ukuze uqalise, ungakhetha phakathi kwe-NPM ne-Yarn, i-JavaScript ne-TypeScript, i-CSS ne-SCSS, ukuthekelisa okumile, nokuphakelwa okungenaseva.
Izici
- Umzila wenziwa ngokuzenzakalelayo - Awudingi ukumisa noma yini ngoba noma iyiphi i-URL ifakwe kumephu ohlelweni lwefayela, kumafayela akufolda yamakhasi (unezinketho zokwenza ngokwezifiso, kunjalo).
- Izingxenye Zefayela Elilodwa - Kulula ukwengeza izitayela ezibekwe engxenyeni usebenzisa i-styled-jsx, ehlanganiswe ngokuphelele futhi ekhiqizwe yiqembu elifanayo.
- Ilayisha kabusha Ikhodi Eshisayo - Uma i-Next.js ithola ukuguqulwa okugcinwe kudiski, ilayisha kabusha ikhasi.
- Izingxenye Ezinamandla - Ungalayisha ngamandla amamojula we-JavaScript kanye Nezingxenye Ze-React.
- Ukuthunyelwa ngaphandle okungaguquki - I-Next.js ikuvumela ukuthi uthumele isayithi emile ngokuphelele kuhlelo lwakho lokusebenza ngomyalo olandelayo wokuthekelisa.
- Ukuhambisana Nendawo - Next.js ihlanganisa ngaphandle komthungo ne-JavaScript, Node, kanye ne-React ecosystems.
- Ukuhlukanisa Amakhodi Ngokuzenzakalelayo - Yimitapo yolwazi kuphela ne-JavaScript edingekayo esetshenziselwa ukunikeza amakhasi. Esikhundleni sokudala ifayela elilodwa le-JavaScript eliqukethe yonke ikhodi yohlelo lokusebenza, i-Next.js ihlukanisa ngobuhlakani uhlelo lokusebenza kuzisetshenziswa eziningi.
Ulwakha kanjani uhlelo lokusebenza olulandelayo.js?
Ukufakwa
Ungasebenzisa umyalo we-node npx ukuze ufake futhi wakhe iphrojekthi ye-Next.js.
Lokhu kuzokhiqiza ifolda nawo wonke amafayela, izilungiselelo, nezinye izinto ezidingekayo ukuze kuqhutshekwe iphrojekthi ye-Next.js.
Ungaqalisa uhlelo lokusebenza uma selwakhiwe.
Amakhasi & Umzila
Ukuze uphathe imizila nge-Next.js, akudingekile ukuthi sisebenzise uhlaka lomzila. Ukuhambisa umzila nge-Next.js kulula ukusethwa. Uma usebenzisa umyalo we-create-next-app ukuze wakhe uhlelo olusha lwe-Next.js, uhlelo lokusebenza ludala ifolda ebizwa ngokuthi 'amakhasi' ngokuzenzakalelayo.
Le folda 'yamakhasi' yilapho unakekela khona imizila yakho. Njengomphumela, ifayela ngalinye lezingxenye ze-reacts ohlwini lwemibhalo olungaphansi lizophathwa njengomzila ohlukile.
Isibonelo, uma ifolda iqukethe lawo mafayela:
- index.js
- mayelana.js
- aricles.js
Leli fayela lizoguqulwa ngokuzenzakalelayo ngezindlela ezintathu:
- Ikhasi lenkomba localhost/inkomba
- Mayelana nekhasi localhost/mayelana
- Ikhasi lebhulogi localhost/athikili
Isibonelo sekhasi le-about.js sikhonjisiwe ngezansi. Akukho okunikezwayo mayelana nekhasi, njengoba ubona. Imane iyingxenye yokusebenza evamile ye-React.
imizila
Ukuze wenze imizila efakwe isidleke, kufanele uqale ngokusungula ifolda engaphansi. Isibonelo: amakhasi/izihloko. Dala ingxenye yakho yokusabela ye-'contact.js' kuleyo folda, futhi izokhiqiza ikhasi elithi localhost/articles/contact.
Uma ufaka ifayela elilodwa kumakhasi/articles.js nelinye kumakhasi/articles/index.js. Zombili zibonisa indlela efanayo localhost/blog. Kulesi simo, i-Next.js izovele inikeze ifayela le-athikili.js. Kuthiwani ngemizila eguquguqukayo, lapho iposi ngalinye lebhulogi linendlela yalo:
- localhost/blog/first-athikili
- localhost/blog/-second-athikili
Usebenzisa umbhalo wabakaki, ungachaza umzila oguquguqukayo ku-Next.js. Ngokwesibonelo: amakhasi/isihloko/[slug].js
Xhuma Izindlela
Manje usuwuqedile umzila wakho wokuqala. Ngicabanga ukuthi ubuza ukuthi uwaxhuma kanjani amakhasi kuleyo mizila. Uzodinga 'okulandelayo/isixhumanisi' ukuze wenze kanjalo.
Nasi isibonelo sekhasi lasekhaya elihlanganisa isixhumanisi ekhasini elithi Mayelana:
Uma ufisa ukwenza isitayela isixhumanisi, sebenzisa i-syntax elandelayo:
Qondisa kabusha Imizila
Kuthiwani uma udinga ukuphoqa ukuqondisa kabusha ekhasini elithile? Ngokwesibonelo, uma inkinobho icindezelwa? Ungakwenza lokhu ngokusebenzisa i-'router.push':
SEO
Amakhasi ezinhlelo zokusebenza zewebhu adinga izakhi ze-meta (ikhanda) ngaphezu kwedatha engaphakathi komzimba we-HTML. Lokhu kuzodinga ukufakwa kwemfuneko eyengeziwe ebizwa ngokuthi i-React Helmet kuhlelo lokusebenza lwe-React.
Singasebenzisa ingxenye ethi Head from next/head in Next ukwengeza kalula imethadatha emakhasini ethu ewebhu azovezwa emiphumeleni yosesho nasekushumekeni:
Izingxenye
Ngokuvamile uzodinga ukuthuthukisa izingxenye noma ifayela lesakhiwo. Isibonelo, ingxenye enikeza ibha ye-navbar. Sisanda kusebenzisa ifolda yamakhasi kuze kube manje. Kuthiwani uma ingxenye yakho ingahloselwe ukuba ikhasi lomzila?
Awufuni ukuthi umsebenzisi azulazule aye ekhasini elifana ne-localhost/navbar. Uma ubeka ingxenye ye-Navbar.js kufolda yamakhasi, yilokho okuzokwenzeka. Yini okufanele uyenze esimweni?
Vele ugcine zonke izingxenye zakho 'okungelona ikhasi' kufolda ehlukile. Amaphrojekthi amaningi e-Next.js asebenzisa 'izingxenye' ze-moniker, futhi le folda ikhiqizwa kufolda yempande yephrojekthi yakho.
Ingxenye yekhanda
Ukulayisha kwekhasi lokuqala kunikezwa yi-Next.js ohlangothini lweseva. Lokhu ikwenza ngokushintsha i-HTML yekhasi lakho. Ingxenye kanhlokweni ifakiwe.
Ingxenye ye-Next.js Head isetshenziselwa ukunikeza amathegi esigaba sikanhlokweni njengesihloko kanye ne-meta. Ingxenye Yenhloko isetshenziswa kulesi sibonelo sengxenye Yesakhiwo.
Dala ikhasi elingu-404 alitholakali
Kuyenzeka wenze elakho ikhasi lamaphutha angu-404. Ungase ufise ukwenza ngokwezifiso umlayezo noma wengeze idizayini yakho yekhasi. Kufolda yamakhasi, dala ifayela elithi 404.js.
Uma kwenzeka iphutha le-404, i-Next.js izoqondisa kabusha ngokuzenzakalelayo kuleli khasi. Nasi isibonelo sekhasi elenziwe ngezifiso le-404:
Ukulanda idatha ohlangothini lweseva
Esikhundleni sokudawuniloda idatha ngasohlangothini lweklayenti, i-Next.js ikuvumela ukuthi wenze inani lokuqala ledatha, okusho ukuthi ukuthumela ikhasi nedatha evele igcwalisiwe evela kuseva.
Unezinketho ezimbili zokuqalisa ukulanda idatha yohlangothi lweseva:
- Idatha kufanele ilandwe esicelweni ngasinye.
- Thola idatha kanye kuphela kuyo yonke inqubo yokwakha (indawo emile)
Landa idatha esicelweni ngasinye
Indlela ye-getServerSideProps isetshenziswa ohlangothini lweseva ukunikeza isicelo ngasinye. Lo msebenzi ungafakwa ekupheleni kwefayela lengxenye yakho. I-Next.js izogcwalisa ngokuzenzakalelayo izingxenye zengxenye yakho ngento ye-getServerSideProps uma lowo msebenzi ukhona kufayela lakho lengxenye.
Landa idatha ngesikhathi sokwakha
Indlela ye-getStaticProps isetshenziselwa ukunikeza uhlangothi lweseva ngesikhathi sokwakha. Lo msebenzi ungafakwa ekupheleni kwefayela lengxenye yakho. Le ndlela isebenzisa ikhodi yeseva futhi ithumela isicelo se-GET kuseva, kodwa kanye kuphela lapho iphrojekthi yethu isiphelile.
Kungani kufanele ufunde i-Next.js?
Esinye sezizathu zalokhu yingoba i-Next.js yakhelwe phezu kwe-React, ikhithi yamathuluzi yokuthuthukisa ye- ukudala ukuxhumana komsebenzisi lokho kuyintandokazi yami yokukhetha izinhlelo zokusebenza zewebhu.
Kodwa bekungeke kwanele uma i-Next.js ibingeyinhle kulokho ekwenzile… akunjalo?
Pho, lenzani ngempela?
Kufanele siqale sichaze imiqondo embalwa ukuze siyiqonde. I-Next.js ithole ukuduma ngoba ixazulule inkinga abathuthukisi bewebhu abaningi ababenayo ngezinhlelo zokusebenza zewebhu eziseceleni kweklayenti (esipheqululini). Lezi zicelo Zekhasi Elilodwa (ama-SPA) zibe nokuzizwisa okungcono kakhulu njengoba bezingamdingi umsebenzisi ukuthi alayishe kabusha ikhasi futhi zivunyelwe ukusebenzisana okwengeziwe.
Nokho, ngenxa yokuthi inqwaba yezinto ezikuhlelo lokusebenza olufana nalokhu zibonakala kuphela uma zenziwa esipheqululini, iziseshi zewebhu zinesikhathi esinzima sokuqonda okuqukethwe kombhalo wohlelo lokusebenza olunjalo.
Ngenxa yalokho, naphezu kokuduma kwawo, ama-SPA amaningi ahlala engaziwa ezinjinini ezinkulu zokusesha njenge-Google. I-Next.js manje ihlanganisa indlela eyakhelwe ngaphakathi eqine kakhudlwana yokunikezwa kohlangothi lweseva (SSR) yezingxenye ze-React.
I-Next.js ivumela onjiniyela ukuthi bakhe ikhodi ye-JavaScript kuseva phakathi nenqubo yokwakha futhi banikeze i-HTML eyisisekelo, ekhonjiswa kumsebenzisi.
buhle
- Kuhle kulwazi lomsebenzisi
- Kuhle ku-SEO
- Yakha iwebhusayithi emile eshesha kakhulu eziphatha njenge-dynamic
- Ukuvumelana nezimo ekwakheni i-UI ne-UX.
- Izinzuzo eziningi zokuthuthukiswa
- Ukwesekwa okukhulu komphakathi
bawo
- Amawebhusayithi noma izinhlelo zokusebenza zinesikhathi esithile sokwakha noma ukuthuthukisa.
- Emisebenzini ethile, i-Next.js ayanele. Onjiniyela kufanele bakwazi ukwakha imizila eguquguqukayo besebenzisa amathuluzi we-Node.js.
Isiphetho
Njengoba ubona, i-Next.js yenza kube lula ukuthuthukiswa kohlelo lokusebenza lwe-React futhi ikuvumela ukuthi ugxile kulokho okubaluleke kakhulu - ingqondo yohlelo lwakho lokusebenza ne-UI. Kuhlanganisa konke okudingekayo ukuze udale izinhlelo zokusebenza zesimanje, ezicebile nezine-API.
Ifanele futhi kumaphrojekthi wokuqukethwe kuphela, njengamabhulogi namawebhusayithi ebhizinisi, ngenxa yekhono layo lokwakha amakhasi e-HTML amile.
Ngezinhlelo zamanje, i-Next.js ayigcini nje ngokugcina izinga eliphezulu lolwazi lukanjiniyela kodwa futhi inikeza amathuluzi okukhulisa ukusebenza okubonakalayo nolwazi lomsebenzisi, okuqinisekisa ikusasa eliqhakazile lalolu hlaka.
shiya impendulo