Umgomo wesikhathi eside we-Neuralink uwukwakha isikhombimsebenzisi sobuchopho esisebenzayo sabantu.
Lezi zindlela zokuxhumana zobuchopho zinethemba lokuzuzisa abantu abakhubazekile nezinye izinhlobo zokuphazamiseka kwemizwa.
Umgwaqo oya ezindaweni ezithuthukile ezinjalo udinga ukuzama okuningi namaphutha ngaphambi kokuba zitholakale emakethe.
Lokho okubizwa ngokuthi "Isixhumanisi" kufanele kudlule ezivivinyweni ezihlukahlukene zezilwane ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuthi inqubo iphephile ngokwanele kubantu.
Kulesi sihloko, sizohlola izingozi ezihilelekile ekuhloleni i-Neuralink futhi sibone ukuthi i-Neuralink yenza kahle kangakanani ekuhlolweni kwayo kwezilwane.
Izingozi ze-Neuralink
I-Neurotechnology iyingozi. Lesi yisizathu I-Neuralink ukuhlolwa kwezilwane kuyisigaba esibalulekile lapho kwakhiwa ukuxhumana kobuchopho okufanele nokuphephile.
Nazi ezinye izinkinga eziza nokwakha ubuchwepheshe obunjalo nokuthi i-Neuralink ihlose ukuzixazulula kanjani.
Anesthesia
Iziguli ezihlinzwa isikhathi eside zisengozini yezinkinga ezilethwa yi-anesthesia jikelele. Ucwaningo lubonisa ukuthi i-anesthesia ejulile ingaba nayo imiphumela ehlala njalo esigulini.
I-Neuralink ihlose ukusebenzisa irobhothi labo le-neurosurgical ukufaka ngokushesha nangokuthembekile ama-electrode ebuchosheni.
Ngokusho kwewebhusayithi yabo, lokhu kuhlinzwa kwerobhothi okusheshayo kungase kubavumele “ukuqeda izinzwa ezivamile futhi bafake idivayisi ngaphansi kokuqunjelwa.”
ukopha
Ukusetha i-Neuralink kuzothwala ingozi yokopha kwangaphakathi. I-Neuralink izozama ukunciphisa le nkinga ngokusebenzisa imicu yesikali esincane. Irobhothi elihlinzayo kufanele libeke imicu ngale ndlela ukuze lingalimazi imithambo yegazi endaweni noma eduze nayo ebusweni bobuchopho.
Lokhu ngokwemvelo kuzodinga ukunemba okwedlulele, kodwa i-Neuralink ithi izimbobo ezibekwe ogebhezini zizoba ngama-microns angu-23 kuphela ububanzi. Uma kuqhathaniswa, izinwele zomuntu zingaba ngu-70 microns ubukhulu ububanzi.
Neuralink Animal Testing
Idemo Yezingulube Ezincane Ezintathu
Ngo-Agasti 2020, u-Elon Musk wembula inqubekelaphambili yabo ekuhloleni ukuxhumana kwabo komshini wobuchopho ezilwaneni eziphilayo.
Phakathi ku zokusakaza, u-Musk wabonisa "idemo yakhe yezingulube ezintathu ezincane" lapho eveze khona ukuthi inkampani ifake ngempumelelo izingulube ezintathu ezinezinsimbi ezimbili ngayinye.
I-chip yekhompiyutha elingana nohlamvu lwemali ingaqopha ama-spikes emsebenzini we-neural lapho izingulube zidla noma zihogela eduze kombukiso.
Ama-electrode ngokwawo ayelandelela ingxenye yobuchopho bawo eyenza izimpawu ezivela ekhaleni lengulube.
Isixhumanisi singasakaza iziteshi ezingu-1,024 zamandla esenzo ngokungenantambo ngesikhathi sangempela.
I-Neuralink ithi ukuboniswa kwakuwumqondo wobufakazi oqinisekisa ukuphepha kwesixhumanisi.
Kodwa ukuze kuthuthukiswe ubuchwepheshe obuqhubekayo, i-Neuralink kwadingeka ithole isilwane esinobuchopho obuseduze obufana nomuntu.
I-Monkey MindPong
Ezinyangeni eziyisishiyagalombili ngemuva kwedemo yengulube, i-Neuralink ikhiphe entsha ividiyo lokho kukhombisa inkawu idlala umdlalo i-Pong ngengqondo yayo.
Inkawu ye-macaque, ebizwa ngokuthi i-Pager, ingahambisa ikhesa kusikrini sekhompyutha ngaphandle kwentambo isebenzisa umsebenzi we-neural.
I-Neuralink ifake isixhumanisi ku-motor cortex. Lokhu kuhlanganisa ingxenye yobuchopho eyenza umnyakazo ezandleni nasezingalweni.
Njalo ngama-millisecond angu-25, i-Link idlulisela umsebenzi wobuchopho kukhompuyutha esebenzisa isofthiwe yokukhipha amakhodi ngokwezifiso.
Isamba esinesisindo sezikhonkwane zamanje nezakamuva ziqondisa ukunyakaza kwekhesa kusikrini sekhompyutha.
Imibala egqamile ikhombisa izinga eliphezulu lokudubula. Izikhombisi-ndlela ezibheke phezulu zinombala oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, kuyilapho izikhombisi-ndlela ezikhethwa phansi ziboniswa ngokubomvu.
Ukukhathazeka Kwezenhlalakahle Yezilwane
Ekuqaleni kukaFebhuwari 2022, iqembu lamalungelo ezilwane lafaka i- isikhalazo isola ukuthi izinkawu ze-Neuralink zabhekana “nokuhlupheka okukhulu” ngenxa yamathuluzi ashumekwe ebuchosheni bazo.
I-Physicians Committee for Responsible Medicine (PCRM) ithi bathole amakhasi angaphezu kuka-700 emibhalo okuhlanganisa namarekhodi ezilwane kanye nemibiko ye-necropsy.
Ngokusho kwamuva impendulo nge-Neuralink, bazibophezele ekusebenzeni nezilwane ngendlela enobuntu neyokuziphatha ngendlela engenzeka.
Ukuhlinzwa okunoveli, okufana nalokhu okusetshenziselwa ukutshala i-Link, kwahlolwa okokuqala emigodini yezilwane. Kamuva, izinqubo ezibulalayo zivumela abacwaningi ukuthi bahlinze ngendlela yobuntu.
Ngokusho kukaNeuralink, odokotela bezilwane banikeze imvume efanelekile yokubulala lezi zinkawu. Eziningi zalezi zimo sezivele zinezimo ezivele zikhona ezingahlobene nocwaningo lwazo.
Lezi zinqubo zokuqala zavumela i-Neuralink ukuthi yakhe izivumelwano eziphephile zokuhlinzwa okuzayo.
Lokhu kuvumele izinkawu ezizayo, njenge-Pager, ukuthi zifakwe ngokuphephile kudivayisi ye-Neuralink ngaphandle kwezinkinga.
Njengamanje, i-Neuralink ine-vivarium engu-6,000 sq ft. ehlala inqwaba yezilwane zasemapulazini nama-rhesus macaques. Basebenzisa ithimba elizinikele lodokotela bezilwane, ochwepheshe, nochwepheshe bokunakekela izilwane ukuze basize ukugcina izilwane ziphilile futhi zikhululekile.
Isiphetho
Ukuhlolwa kwezilwane kuyiqiniso elingenakugwenywa eliza nokucwaninga noma iyiphi inqubo entsha yezokwelapha. Umkhakha we-neurotechnology uyindawo yocwaningo esafufusa kakhulu.
Kusekude ukusetshenziswa ngokuphepha kubantu.
Abacwaningi kumele bathole indlela yokwenza lokhu kuphumelele ngaphandle kokuphula noma yiziphi izimiso zokuziphatha endleleni.
Ucabanga ukuthi u-Elon Musk noNeuralink bazophumelela?
shiya impendulo