Ingabe ungunjiniyela, umakhi wesistimu, noma umphathi we-IT ofuna isixazululo sokunciphisa izindleko, ukukhulisa ukuqina, nokuvikela izinhlelo zakho zokusebenza ezisekelwe efwini?
Uma kunjalo, ukuqashisa okuningi kungase kube impendulo yakho.
Kulokhu okuthunyelwe, sizobheka izisekelo zokuqasha abantu abaningi, ezinye izindlela zokukusebenzisa, kanye nezici ezibalulekile okufanele zicatshangelwe. Lo mhlahlandlela uzokunikeza konke okudingayo ukuze uqalise.
Iyini Kahle I-Multitenancy?
Isofthiwe eyodwa ingasebenzela amaklayenti amaningi (abaqashi) ngaphansi komqondo wokwakha amasofthiwe amaningi aqashisayo. Umqashi ngamunye unedatha yakhe, ukucushwa, kanye isikhombimsebenzisi somsebenzisi futhi ihlukaniswe ngokunengqondo kwabanye.
Lokhu kusho ukuthi idatha yomqashi ngamunye ihlukile kudatha yabanye abaqashi futhi ayifinyeleleki kwabanye abaqashi. Kusofthiwe esekwe emafini, lapho amaklayenti amaningi abelana nengqalasizinda efanayo, ukuqasha okuningi kuvame ukuqashwa.
Multi-tenancy bekulokhu umqondo isikhashana, kodwa ngokukhula ngamafu, iye yaziwa kakhulu muva nje. Kusofthiwe esekwe emafini, ukuqasha okuningi kuyindlela enamandla yokonga izindleko, ukukhulisa ukuqina, nokwandisa ukuguquguquka.
Kungani Kubalulekile?
Ukuqasha okuningi kunomsuka wako kumiklamo yozimele oyinhloko lapho izinhlelo ezimbalwa nabasebenzisi babelana ngenkundla eyodwa yokucubungula izingxenyekazi zekhompuyutha. Ngokwethulwa kwe-virtualization yesimanje esizwa ngehadiwe, ukuqasha okuningi kubone ukudlondlobala kokuduma.
Amandla okwabelana ngehadiwe kuzo zonke izimo zesofthiwe, njengemishini ebonakalayo kanye nezinhlelo zokusebenza, avele njengesici esibalulekile kusofthiwe esekwe emafini.
Ukuqasha okuningi kuvame ukusetshenziswa ezikhungweni zedatha zasendaweni nasezingqalasizinda ezisingathwayo njengokuhlanganisa izindawo kanye nezinsizakalo ze-IT ezabiwe, okuvumela abasebenzisi abambalwa ukuthi babelane ngengqalasizinda yehadiwe ekhawulelwe noma eyabelwe.
Ngenxa yomthamo wayo wokunciphisa izindleko, ukuthuthukisa ukukaleka, kanye nokuqinisa ukuphepha kusofthiwe esekwe emafini, ukuqasha okuningi sekuphenduke i-paradigm ye-software ebalulekile.
Ifinyelelwa Kanjani?
I-Virtualization, ukuqukatha, kanye ngamafu ezinye zezindlela nobuchwepheshe obusetshenziswa ukufeza ukuqasha okuningi.
I-Virtualization ivumela amakhompuyutha amaningi abonakalayo noma amasistimu wokusebenza ukuthi asebenze emshinini owodwa obonakalayo, okuvumela ukuthi kudalwe izindawo ezihlukene ezihlukene.
I-Containerization, ngakolunye uhlangothi, inika amandla ukuthuthukiswa kwezindawo ezingasindi, ezingazodwa, neziphathekayo ezabelana nge-kernel yesistimu yokusebenza efanayo.
I-Cloud computing iyisakhiwo esikala kakhulu nesiguquguqukayo esivumela abasebenzisi abaningi ukuthi babelane ngechibi elifuneka kakhulu lezinsiza zekhompyutha.
Lobu buchwepheshe, uma bubhangqwe namasu ahlukene okuphatha nokuvikela, buvumela ukuthuthukiswa kwendawo ehlala abaqashi abaningi eqinisekisa ukuhlukaniswa, ukuphepha, nokusebenza komqashi ngamunye.
Umehluko Phakathi Komqashi Oyedwa vs Umqashi Oyedwa
Umehluko oyinhloko phakathi kwendawo yomqashi oyedwa kanye nendawo ehlala abaqashi abaningi ukuthi ikhasimende elisendaweni yomqashi oyedwa linesibonelo esizinikele sokufaka isicelo nengqalasizinda esekelayo, kuyilapho amakhasimende amaningi abelana ngesicelo esifanayo nengqalasizinda endaweni eqashe abantu abaningi.
Idatha yekhasimende ngalinye ihlukaniswa kusukela kudatha yamanye amakhasimende endaweni eqashe abantu abaningi, kodwa babelana ngekhodibase efanayo nengqalasizinda. Lokhu kunciphisa izindleko zomthengisi ezimweni zabaqashi abaningi njengoba bengase banikeze amaklayenti amaningana ngesibonelo esisodwa sohlelo.
Ngakolunye uhlangothi, izilungiselelo zomqashi oyedwa, zinikeza ukulawula okwengeziwe, ukwenza ngokwezifiso, nokuphepha ngoba iklayenti ngalinye linezinsiza zalo ezizinikele futhi izenzo zekhasimende elilodwa azithinti izenzo zamanye.
Izinzuzo Zokuqashwa Okuningi
- Ukonga Izindleko: Ngoba ukuqasha okuningi kuvumela amakhasimende amaningi ukuthi abelane nengqalasizinda efanayo, umthengisi wesoftware kanye namakhasimende bangonga imali.
- Ukukala Okuthuthukisiwe: Ukuqasha okuningi kuvumela abahlinzeki bezinhlelo zokusebenza ukuthi bamane balinganise ingqalasizinda yabo ukuze bahlangabezane nezidingo zamakhasimende abo ngaphandle kokuthi bakhiphe ihadiwe nesofthiwe entsha yekhasimende ngalinye.
- Ukwandisa Ukuvumelana nezimo: Ukuqasha okuningi kunikeza umthengisi wesoftware kanye nabathengi inkululeko eyengeziwe. Amakhasimende angase aguqule ukusetshenziswa kwawo njengoba kudingeka, kuyilapho abahlinzeki besofthiwe bengahlinzeka ngamaleveli esevisi ahlukahlukene kanye nezikimu zamanani.
- Ukuphepha Okungcono: Ngenxa yokuthi ukuqasha okuningi kuhlukanisa idatha yomqashi ngamunye futhi kuvimbele abanye abaqashi ukuthi bafinyelele kuyo, ukuvikeleka kuyakhula.
- Ukusetshenziswa Kwensiza Okuthuthukisiwe: Ukuqasha okuningi kuvumela abahlinzeki besofthiwe ukuthi basebenzise kahle izinsiza zabo zehadiwe, okuholela ekusebenzeni okuthuthukisiwe nokusebenza kahle.
Izindlela zokusebenzisa i-Multi-tenancy
I-database ehlukene
Isiqashi ngasinye sinesizindalwazi saso ngaphansi kwale ndlela. Lesi yisixazululo esilula futhi sinikeza ukuhlukaniswa kwedatha okuphelele phakathi kwabaqashi. Umqashi ngamunye unokulawula okuphelele kusizindalwazi sakhe futhi angasilungiselela ngendlela athanda ngayo.
Leli su, nokho, lingahle libize ngoba umqashi ngamunye udinga isibonelo sakhe sesizindalwazi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukuphatha imininingwane eminingi kungase kube nzima futhi kudle isikhathi.
Isizindalwazi Sabiwe, I-Schema Ehlukile
Bonke abaqashi kule nqubo babelana ngesizindalwazi esisodwa, kodwa isiqashi ngasinye sine-schema saso esihlukile kuleyo database. Ngenxa yokuthi bonke abaqashi babelana ngesibonelo esisodwa sesizindalwazi, le nqubo isebenzisa izinsiza ngempumelelo.
Kwenza nokuphatha nokugcinwa kube lula ngoba kunesizindalwazi esisodwa esingasingathwa.
Nokho, kungase kube nzima kakhulu ukusebenzisa njengoba i-schema somqashi ngamunye kufanele sakhiwe ngokucophelela futhi sinakekelwe ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuhlukaniswa kwedatha okwanele. Le ndlela ilungele izimo lapho abaqashi banokuqhathaniswa khona izakhiwo zedatha kodwa zidinga ukuhlukaniswa kwedatha.
Isizindalwazi Esihlanganyelwe, I-Schema Eyabiwe
Bonke abaqashi kule modeli babelana ngesizindalwazi esisodwa kanye ne-schema esisodwa kuleyo database. Lena inketho esebenza kahle kakhulu kwinsiza njengoba idinga isibonelo esisodwa sesizindalwazi kanye ne-schema eyodwa ukuze ilawule.
Nokho, ukugcina ukuhlukaniswa kwedatha okwanele kubo bonke abaqashi kungase kube nzima. Le ndlela ifanele izimo lapho abaqashi benezakhiwo zedatha ezifanayo futhi bengadingi ukuhlukaniswa kwedatha okuphelele.
Ukucatshangelwa Okuhlukile kwe-Multi-tenancy
Ukuhlukaniswa Kwedatha
Ukuhlukaniswa kwedatha kungenye yezici ezibaluleke kakhulu zokuqasha okuningi.
Ukuze ugweme ukufinyelela okungadingeki, idatha yomqashi ngamunye kufanele igcinwe ihlukene futhi ivikelekile. Lokhu kuvame ukufezwa ngokusebenzisa amasu okuhlukanisa okunengqondo noma okungokomzimba afana nemininingwane egciniwe ehlukene, ama-schema, noma amathebula.
Kubalulekile ukuqinisekisa ukuthi idatha ihlukaniswe ukuze kuvikelwe ubumfihlo nokuvikeleka kwedatha yomqashi ngamunye.
Ukugibela Umqashi
Inqubo yokwethula isiqashi esisha ohlelweni olunabaqashi abaningi ibizwa ngokuthi ukugibela isiqashi. Le nqubo kufanele ilawulwe ngokucophelela ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuthi abaqashi abasha bagibele ngendlela efanele kuyilapho kubangela ukuphazamiseka okuncane kubaqashi bamanje.
Lokhu kuhlanganisa ukuhlinzeka ngezinsiza ezintsha, ukudala ama-akhawunti amasha, nokumisa indawo yomqashi.
Inqubo yokugibela eyenziwe lula ingasiza ekwehliseni izindleko futhi ithuthukise ukusebenza kahle kokuphatha abaqashi.
Ukusebenza
Ukuqasha okuningi kunamandla okwehlisa ukusebenza kwesistimu, ikakhulukazi uma abaqashi babelana ngezinsiza ezifana namandla okucubungula, inkumbulo, noma isitoreji. Ngenxa yomsindo womakhelwane, imisebenzi yomqashi oyedwa ingase ibe nomthelela ekusebenzeni kwabanye abaqashi.
Ukwabiwa kwezinsiza ngokucophelela nokuqapha kungasiza ekunciphiseni le nkinga futhi kuqinisekise ukuthi ukusebenza komqashi ngamunye akulimazi.
Ukwenza ngokwezifiso
Amandla omqashi ngamunye okwenza kube ngokwakho okumzungezile ukuze kufane nezimfuno zakhe kwaziwa ngokuthi ukwenza ngendlela oyifisayo. Nakuba ukwenza ngendlela oyifisayo kungakhuphula inani lohlelo olunabaqashi abaningi kumqashi ngamunye, kungase futhi kuphakamise inkimbinkimbi yokuphatha kanye nezindleko.
Ukuzuza ibhalansi phakathi kokwenza ngendlela oyifisayo nokumiswa kungasiza ekuqinisekiseni ukuthi isistimu iyalinganiswa futhi iyagcinwa kuyilapho lisanelisa izimfuno ezithile zomqashi ngamunye.
Izibonelo ze-Multi-tenancy
I-Public Cloud Multi-tenancy
Amakhasimende kumafu omphakathi ukuqasha okuningi asebenzisa izimo zezinsiza namasevisi ukuze akhe izakhiwo ezifanele ukusingatha isicelo sebhizinisi.
Yonke insiza yefu noma isevisi yabelana ngezingxenyekazi zekhompuyutha eziyisisekelo namandla enethiwekhi, futhi nakuba lelisu lingase linikeze abathengi izinsiza ezizinikele, kuyinto ehlukile kunomthetho.
Ukuze kufezwe ukuqasha okuningi, abahlinzeki bamafu omphakathi basebenzisa izindlela eziningi, ezihlanganisa izindlela ezisuselwe ku-VM nezisekelwe kuma-container.
I-Hardware - i-VM nesiqukathi
Imishini eminingi ebonakalayo neziqukathi ezibonakalayo zingakhiqizwa futhi isingathwe kuseva eyodwa kusetshenziswa i-hardware virtualization, nge-VM ngayinye esebenzisa uhlelo lokusebenza oluhlukile noma isevisi ephethwe ababambiqhaza abahlukile, umnyango, noma iklayenti.
Ukuqashwa okuningi kwe-Hardware kuvamile ku idatha yesimanje izikhungo kanye nezindawo zokubeka indawo, futhi iwumthombo obalulekile wawo wonke ama-computing amafu.
Ukuqasha okuningi kwe-SaaS
Ngoba abahlinzeki besofthiwe njengesevisi (i-SaaS) bavame ukuhlukaniswa njengabahlinzeki bamafu, lena inguqulo ye-multi-tenancy yamafu omphakathi.
Isibonelo, umhlinzeki we-SaaS angasebenzisa isibonelo esisodwa sohlelo lwayo esimweni esisodwa sesizindalwazi futhi anikeze ukufinyelela ku-inthanethi kumakhasimende amaningana. Kulesi simo, idatha yomqashi ngamunye ihlukanisiwe futhi ayibonakali kwabanye abaqashi.
Ukuqasha abantu abaningi kungase kwethulwe ezinhlelweni ezinamazinga amaningi njenge-SAP.
I-Private Cloud Multi-Tenancy
Ukuqasha okuningi efwini eliyimfihlo. Ifu eliyimfihlo lifana nefu lomphakathi ngokwemibandela yokuqashwa kwabantu abaningi, kodwa ifu eliyimfihlo linikezelwa enkampanini eyodwa noma eqenjini, kuyilapho ifu lomphakathi linikeza izidingo zamaklayenti noma izinhlangano eziningi.
I-Serverless Multi-tenancy
I-Serverless computing iyisevisi yamafu esebenzisa imicimbi ukuze ilayishe futhi isebenzise ikhodi yekhasimende ngaphambi kokucashisa ingqalasizinda uma ikhodi yenziwa.
Izinhlelo eziningi zingabelana ngomsebenzi ofanayo, futhi umsebenzi uyalayisha futhi usebenze kunoma iyiphi ingqalasizinda yehadiwe okwabelwana ngayo etholakalayo.
Yiziphi Izinkinga Ezingenzeka?
Enye yezinto ezimbi kakhulu ukuthi kungenzeka ukuvuza kwedatha. Ngenxa yokuthi abaqashi abambalwa babelana ngengqalasizinda efanayo, iphutha lokuvikeleka kuhlelo lokusebenza lomqashi oyedwa lingase lifake engozini idatha yabo bonke abanye abaqashi.
Okunye okungalungile ukuthi kungenzeka kube nemiphumela enomsindo kamakhelwane, lapho imikhuba yokusebenzisa yomqashi oyedwa ingase ilulaze ukusebenza kwezicelo zabanye abaqashi.
Futhi, ukuguqulwa nokuhlanganiswa kungase kube nzima ukukusebenzisa, futhi abaqashi abathile bangase bafune izilungiselelo ezihlukile noma izinguqulo zohlelo ezingahambisani nezabanye abaqashi.
Okokugcina, ukuqasha okuningi kungase kungafaneleki ezinhlelweni eziningi, ikakhulukazi lezo ezidinga amazinga aphezulu esivinini noma ukuhlukaniswa kwedatha okuqinile.
Izikhombisi-ndlela Ezizayo Zokuqashwa Okuningi ku-Software-based Cloud
Ikusasa lokuqashwa kwabantu abaningi libukeka liqhakazile njengoba isoftware esekwe emafini iqhubeka nokukhula futhi ijwayelana nezimo. Ikhompyutha engenaseva, evumela ukwabiwa kwensiza eyimbudumbudu kanye nokusetshenziswa, iya ngokuya iduma.
Lokhu kunamandla okuthuthukisa ukuqasha okuningi ngokuvumela ukuhlukaniswa okukhulu nokusetshenziswa kwezinsiza. Ama-Microservices neziqukathi, ezihlinzeka ngokuguquguquka okwengeziwe kanye ne-modularity, kungenye indlela yokuqasha okuningi.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukufunda ngomshini kanye nobuchwepheshe bobuhlakani bokwenziwa bunamandla okuthuthukisa ukwabiwa kwezinsiza nokusebenza ezinhlelweni eziqasha abaqashi abaningi.
Okokugcina, ikusasa lokuqasha okuningi kusoftware esekwe emafini lizoshintsha ngenxa yentuthuko yezobuchwepheshe kanye nokushintsha kwezidingo zebhizinisi.
shiya impendulo