I-Python iwulimi lokuhlela olwaziwayo nolusetshenziswa kakhulu. Futhi kuwulimi olukhethwayo Lososayensi Bedatha, Abahlaziyi Bedatha, Onjiniyela Bokufunda Ngomshini, kanye nalabo abasebenza ku-Artificial Intelligence.
Ngenxa yokuthi iwulimi lomthombo ovulekile, iqondile futhi inezinye izindlela ezihlukile zokubhala amakhodi.
Phakathi kwamacala amaningi okusetshenziswa ambozwe yiPython, ukuhlaziya idatha kukhule kwaba okubaluleke kakhulu. I-ecosystem ye-Python inothile ngemitapo yolwazi, amathuluzi, nezinhlelo zokusebenza ezivumela ukusebenzisa ikhompuyutha yesayensi nokuhlaziya idatha kube lula futhi ngokushesha.
I-Python ayisheshi ngokwanele kubadali be-Julia, uhlelo oluhloselwe “ikhompyutha yesayensi, ukufunda imishini, ukumbiwa kwedatha, i-algebra yomugqa omkhulu, i-distributed and parallel computing,” ngokwencazelo yabo.
UJulia ufisa ukunikela abahlaziyi bedatha nososayensi hhayi nje indalo esheshayo nenethezekile kodwa futhi nokubulawa okusheshayo kombani.
Ama-arrays, i-algebra yomugqa, kanye namatrices konke kuyingxenye yolimi lokuhlela lwezibalo nolwezobuchwepheshe olwaziwa ngeMatlab. Kuqashelwa kahle njengesimo esiphezulu sanoma yimuphi umsebenzi.
Eminyakeni eyi-10 edlule, izindawo zekhompyutha zesayensi ezifana ne-Mathematica, Maple, neMatlab sezidume kakhulu ngenxa yokuthi ososayensi nonjiniyela bazizwa bekhiqiza kakhulu ezindaweni ezinjalo.
Ibhokisi lamathuluzi elibanzi kanye ne-syntax elula yezilimi zokuyala ezisetshenziswa kulezi zindawo kuyimbangela eyodwa esobala.
Kulokhu okuthunyelwe, sizoqhathanisa uMatlab, Julia, kanye nePython ukuze bakusize uqonde ukuthi yiluphi ulimi olusetshenziselwa yiphi inhloso futhi, okubaluleke kakhulu, ukuthi yiluphi olulungele wena.
Isingeniso ku Python
Okukodwa kwe izilimi zokuhlela ezidume kakhulu esetshenziswa namuhla yiPython. Yaqala ukusetshenziswa ngo-1991 futhi iwulimi olusezingeni eliphezulu, olutolikwa, olunamapharamitha amaningi.
Iqukethe amalabhulali amaningi namathuluzi okufunda ngomshini, ubuhlakani bokwenziwa (AI), kanye nokuthuthukisa izinhlelo zokusebenza namawebhusayithi (ML). I-Python cishe iwulimi ozolisebenzisa ukuhlela noma yini.
Ngenxa yamandla ayo, ukuguquguquka, kanye ne-syntax eqondakala kalula futhi eyingcweti, iPython iyintandokazi phakathi konjiniyela.
Cishe u-70% wabathuthukisi bathi basebenzisa i-Python ukuze bakhe ama-algorithms anamandla e-AI ne-ML ukuze kuhlaziywe imizwa kanye Nokucubungula Ulimi Lwemvelo. Izilimi ezikhethwayo zesayensi yedatha yiPython kanye ne-R.
Imitapo yolwazi eminingi yangaphandle edalwe umphakathi omkhulu kanjiniyela wePython yiyona eyenza kube nokuvumelana nezimo.
I-Python isebenzisa amaningana alawa mamojula ukuphatha imisebenzi yezibalo neyesayensi kusayensi yedatha. Phakathi kwezidume kakhulu iNumPy, TensorFlow, PyTorch, Pandas, kanye neMaplotlib.
Ukusekelwa kwePython kwamafomethi edatha avamile afana namafayela e-CSV kanye ne-JSON kanye nekhono layo lokusebenzelana nezizindalwazi ze-SQL nakho kuyizizathu eziqinile zokuyisebenzisa.
Izici
- Iwulimi lomthombo ovulekile olulandwa mahhala olutholakala ku-inthanethi.
- Iwulimi olufundeka kalula, olulungele unjiniyela, ulimi lokuhlela olusezingeni eliphezulu.
- Amakilasi, i-polymorphism, i-encapsulation, neminye imibono egxile entweni isekelwa ulimi.
- I-Python iwulimi olunwebekayo, futhi i-C noma i-C++ ingasetshenziswa ukubhala nokuhlanganisa izinhlelo zePython.
- Iwulimi oluhunyushiwe, yingakho ukuhlanganisa akudingekile. Ukulungisa iphutha kwekhodi kwenziwa kwaba lula ngemigqa eyenziwa umugqa ngomugqa.
- I-Python iza neqoqo elikhulu lemitapo yolwazi engasetshenziswa ukwenza lula intuthuko ngokuyingenisa nje. Onjiniyela akudingeki ukuthi benze kabusha leyo khodi enembile njengomphumela.
- Okuguquguqukayo akudingeki kuchazwe ngaphambi kokusetshenziswa kulolu limi oluthayiphiwe ngokushintshashintshayo njengoba uhlobo lwedatha lunqunywa ngesikhathi sokusebenza.
Isingeniso ku Julia
Ngenguqulo yayo yokuqala ezinzile ekhishwe ngo-2018, u-Julia, osanda kungena emkhakheni wezilimi zokuhlela, wadalwa ngo-2012 ukuze anelise izidingo zemiphakathi Yesayensi Yedatha kanye Nokufunda Ngomshini ngolimi olusheshayo, olugxile ezibalweni.
Ngosizo lwe-Hardware yesimanjemanje, i-Parallel, kanye I-Distributed Computing amakhono, u-Julia uwulimi lokuhlela oluhlanganisa izici ezibucayi kakhulu zezinye izilimi zokuhlela.
I-syntax kaJulia, ehloselwe kakhulu ikhompyutha yezobuchwepheshe, iqhathaniswa ne-Python.
U-Julia uwulimi olunamandla, olusezingeni eliphezulu, olusebenza kahle kakhulu.
Njengoba iyingxenye ebalulekile yalolu limi, i-algebra yomugqa isetshenziswa kakhulu ekufundeni komshini, isayensi yedatha, ukumbiwa kwedatha, ukuhlaziya izinombolo, nanoma iyiphi injongo yezibalo.
Ubulula bukaJulia, ukusebenza kahle okuhle kakhulu, kanye nesivinini kuyenza ithandeke ukusetshenziswa namamodeli edatha ayinkimbinkimbi.
Kodwa kososayensi, ithuba lokuhumusha ulimi oluhlelekile lweSayensi lube yikhodi kuwukuphula isivumelwano: U-Julia unokusekelwa kwezinhlamvu zezinhlamvu zesiGreki, okuvumela ukusetshenziswa kwezibalo zezibalo ngaphandle kokuqale ukuziguqulela olimini lwekhodi.
Izici
- UJulia usebenzisa i-syntax eqondile.
- Ukwengeza imiyalo esheshayo, u-Julia unomugqa womyalo osebenzayo kanye ne-Read Eval Print Loop (REPL).
- Ukuze uhlanganyele nezinhlelo ze-Fortran, C, ne-Python, ingangenisa kalula futhi isebenzise imitapo yolwazi yangaphandle.
- Ukuhlanganiswa kwe-Just-in-time (JIT) kuyisici solimi oluhlanganisiwe oluthi Julia. U-Julia usebenzisa uhlaka lwe-LLVM lokuqoqwa, okunomthelela ekusebenzeni kwalo ngokushesha.
- I-syntax ka-Julia kulula ukuyisebenzisa kunoma ubani osebenza ekubhaleni ikhodi okusekelwe kuzibalo njengoba ifana nezibalo zezibalo.
- I-Meta-programming isici sika-Julia esenza ukuthi izinhlelo zika-Julia zikhiqize izicelo zika-Julia.
- Iza ne-debugger eyenza abahleli bezinhlelo bakwazi ukusetha izindawo zokuphumula futhi bahlole imiphumela.
- Zombili izinhlobo ezimile neziguquguqukayo zisekelwa nguJulia. Ngaphambi kokusebenzisa okuguquguqukayo, ungakumemezela, noma ungakha umsebenzi othatha okuguquguqukayo ngokungagunci.
Isingeniso ku UMatlab
Indawo esebenzisanayo kanye nolimi lokuhlela lwesizukulwane sesine lwezinga eliphezulu lwe-MATLAB (ilabhorethri ye-matrix) zisetshenziselwa ukubala izinombolo, ukubona ngeso, kanye nokwenza izinhlelo.
Inika amandla ukukhohlisa kwe-matrix, ukuhlela imisebenzi kanye nedatha, ukuqaliswa kwe-algorithms, ukuthuthukiswa indawo yomsebenzisi, ukusebenzelana nezinhlelo ezibhalwe ngezinye izilimi, ezifana ne-C, C++, Java, ne-FORTRAN, nokuhlaziywa nokuthuthukiswa kwama-algorithms, ukudalwa kwamamodeli nezinhlelo zokusebenza, kanye nokusetshenziswa kwezixhumi ezibonakalayo zabasebenzisi.
Ungenza izibalo zezibalo, udale amashadi, futhi usebenzise izindlela zezinombolo ngosizo lwemiyalo eminingi eyakhelwe ngaphakathi imisebenzi yezibalo.
Ngemva kwamashumi eminyaka yokuziphendukela kwemvelo, i-MATLAB isingakwazi manje ukufunda idatha evela kumafayela ayisicaba, isizindalwazi, isitoreji samafu, igiya lokuqoqwa kwedatha, ngisho nokusakazwa bukhoma kwedatha yezezimali.
I-MATLAB ibikade iyinhle kakhulu ngokusebenza nedatha yezinombolo ezimile kuma-vectors nakumatikuletsheni. Ngenxa yamandla ayo andayo, abasebenzisi manje sebengakwazi ukusebenzisa amamodeli okufunda emishini asezingeni eliphezulu, benze ukubuka idatha ngeso lengqondo, futhi bathuthukise izinhlelo zokusebenza zeselula nezedeskithophu.
Ngokunikeza i-GUI (I-Graphical User Interface) namanye amathuluzi, njengokuhlaziya isignali namashuna, i-MATLAB inikeza indawo yokusebenzisana. I-MATLAB iphinde inikeze amathuluzi okudala isofthiwe nokulungisa iphutha.
Nge-GUI, ukungenisa nokuthekelisa amafayela ku-MATLAB kulula. Njengoba siya ekwakhiweni kwesofthiwe yethu, singahlola idatha yendawo yokusebenza futhi siyiguqule njengoba kudingeka.
Izici
- Kokubili ikhompyutha yezinombolo nengokomfanekiso ingenziwa ngayo.
- Iwulimi olusezingeni eliphezulu olusetshenziswa kakhulu kubunjiniyela namakhompyutha esayensi.
- Inikeza umtapo wezincwadi omkhulu wemisebenzi yezibalo ye-algebra yomugqa, izibalo, ukuhlaziya i-Fourier, ukuhlunga, ukwenza kahle, ukuhlanganisa izinombolo, kanye nesixazululo sezibalo ezihlukene ezijwayelekile.
- Kuhlanganisa amathuluzi okwenza iziza zangokwezifiso kanye nezithombe ezakhelwe ngaphakathi zokubukwa kwedatha.
- Ihlinzeka ngamathuluzi okudala izinhlelo zokusebenza ezinokusebenzelana okuhlukile kwezithombe.
- I-interface yokuhlela ye-MATLAB inikeza abathuthukisi ngamathuluzi okuthuthukisa ukusebenza nokugcinwa kwezinhlelo zabo.
- Inikeza amathuluzi okuhlanganiswa ama-algorithms asekelwe ku-MATLAB anezinhlelo nezilimi zezinkampani zangaphandle, okuhlanganisa i-C, Java,.NET, ne-Microsoft Excel.
- Izinhlobonhlobo zedatha yesikhathi sangempela evela kuzizindalwazi ze-JDBC/ODBC zingasekelwa ngokomdabu yi-MATLAB, okuhlanganisa inzwa, ividiyo, isithombe, i-telemetry, kanambambili, nezinye izinhlobo zedatha.
Umehluko phakathi kukaMatlab, Julia, nePython
ukuthandwa
I-Python manje isiphezulu ohlwini lwezilimi zokuhlela ezisetshenziswa kakhulu. Ngomunye wemiphakathi emikhulu yonjiniyela yanoma yiluphi ulimi, ususetshenziswe iminyaka engaphezu kwengu-30 futhi unikeza izimpendulo nosizo kunkinga ngayinye engase icatshangwe.
Ngisho noma isibalo sabalandeli besilokhu sikhula kancane kancane, u-Julia unomphakathi omncane kodwa ozibophezele, futhi iningi lokusekelwa lisanikezwa ababhali.
Amabhulogi aqondene no-Julia kanye nomphakathi okhulayo babelana ngolwazi lwabo ngokulusebenzisa ezinkundleni ezihlukahlukene.
Ukusetshenziswa kukaJulia ngaphandle kwesayensi yedatha kulindeleke ukuthi kukhule ngokuvelela.
Ulimi lusanda kuqala ukwamukela izinhlaka zokuthuthukisa iwebhu, lwandisa uhla lwamathuba okuthuthukisa futhi, ngenxa yalokho, inqwaba yabathuthukisi abalusebenzisayo.
Ngakolunye uhlangothi, i-MATLAB inemikhawulo ethile ekuphatheni ngoba iwuhlelo olubizayo.
Izinkundla ezine-MATLAB noma i-MATLAB Component Runtime kuphela ezingasebenzisa amafayela e-MATLAB kwezinye izinkundla (MCR). Ngenxa yokuthi i-OOP ye-MATLAB iyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu futhi iyinkimbinkimbi, ingabaxaka kakhulu abantu abathile.
Nokho, i-MATLAB ivamise ukuba ulimi oluyinkimbinkimbi.
Speed
Isivinini sokwenza sibalulekile ngenkathi kwakhiwa ikhodi. Ijubane uJulia asetshenziswa ngalo liyafana nelolimi lokuhlela lwe-C. Yakhelwe ukunikeza ulimi olusheshayo.
Ngokungafani nezinye izilimi ezihunyushwayo, uJulia akakusheshi ukubulawa. Ukuze wakhe izinhlelo e-Julia, uhlaka lwe-LLVM luyasetshenziswa. \
Ngaphandle kokusebenzisa amasu okwenza iphrofayela nokwenza ngokugcwele, u-Julia ubhekana nobunzima bokusebenza obudinga isivinini. Ngezinkinga ezidinga Idatha Enkulu, Cloud Computing, Ukuhlaziywa Kwedatha, kanye Nezibalo Zekhompyutha, u-Julia unikeza impendulo emnandi.
Kusobala ukuthi uJulia uphakeme kunePython uma siqhathanisa ukusebenza kwayo nokushesha.
Ngakolunye uhlangothi, uMatlab uwulimi lohlelo olusezingeni eliphezulu olufakiwe izakhiwo zedatha, lawula izitatimende zokugeleza, imisebenzi, okukhiphayo/okufakwayo, nezinhlelo ezigxile entweni.
Ivumela ukudalwa okusheshayo kwezinhlelo zokusebenza zokulahla ngokushesha kanye nokudalwa kwezinhlelo zokusebenza eziphelele, eziyinkimbinkimbi, nezinkulu.
Libraries
Ngokumane ungenise le mitapo yolwazi nokusebenzisa imisebenzi yayo, umtapo wezincwadi omkhulu wePython wenza ukuthuthukisa iPython kube lula kakhulu.
Uma eqhathaniswa nePython, u-Julia uhlushwa ukushoda kwezinsiza zomtapo wolwazi. Inombolo enkulu yemitapo yolwazi evela eceleni nayo isekela iPython. Ngenxa yokungalungiswa okwanele kwephakheji, imitapo yolwazi kaJulia nayo inalolu daba.
Ngisho noma ekuqaleni ukubona idatha kuthatha isikhathi, u-Julia angakwazi ukuxhumana nemitapo yolwazi yakwa-C.
Ukuthuthukiswa kwemitapo yolwazi kaJulia kuyadingeka ukuze kuphumelele njengolimi olusha.
Ukuze ubale izibalo, i-algebra yomugqa, ukuhlanganiswa kwezinombolo, ukuhlunga, ukuhlaziya i-Fourier, ukuthuthukiswa, nokuxazulula izilinganiso ezijwayelekile ezihlukene, umtapo wezincwadi omkhulu wemisebenzi yezibalo uhlinzekwa nguMatlab.
yizinhlobonhlobo
I-Python iwulimi olulula ukuluqonda nokulubhala, okwenza lube nezinto ezihlukahlukene. Ukuzivumelanisa nezimo kwePython kuyenza ibe yinhle kakhulu emisebenzini yokuhlela okuhlanganisa ukubhala kwewebhu, ukuthuthukiswa, kanye ne-automation.
Ngenxa yokuthi ingenza imisebenzi futhi isebenzisa imitapo yolwazi nezinhlaka ezihlukahlukene, iPython iwulimi olukhethwa onjiniyela.
I-Python ivumelana nezimo, kuyilapho u-Julia ephumelela ekuxazululeni izinkinga ezinhlelweni zesayensi.
Onjiniyela abanentshisekelo enkulu yokusebenzisa iMatlab njengethuluzi eliqondile lokubhala ikhodi ukuze benze izibalo ezijwayelekile zobunjiniyela bazokuthola kuwusizo.
Kulula kwabangewona amakhodi ukwakha ingqondo esebenzisekayo ngenxa yemvelo edidiyelwe yokuthuthukiswa kanye nesilungisi sephutha esesivele sikhona.
Amathuluzi Asekelwe
Noma yimuphi umhleli uzokhetha ulimi lokuhlela olunikeza ukwesekwa kwamathuluzi aphezulu kuwo wonke amaphrojekthi okuthuthukisa isofthiwe.
UJulia wenza kangcono kunePython mayelana nokusekelwa kwamathuluzi. Ukusekelwa kwamathuluzi kaJulia kusasebenza, kepha ukusekelwa kwamathuluzi wePython kuhle.
Ngenxa yalokhu, u-Julia akanawo amandla okuxilonga nokulungisa e-Python ngezinkinga zokusebenza.
Ukwengeza, kunethuba eliphezulu lesixhumi esibonakalayo esingaphephile endabeni kaJulia ngoba kuwulimi lwenoveli olunama-API omdabu.
Ukulungiselelwa okusebenzisanayo okunikezwa yi-MATLAB kuvumela ukuhlola okuphindaphindiwe, ukuklama, nokuxazulula izinkinga. Kuyiqoqo lezinsiza ezingasetshenziswa abahleli.
Ihlanganisa amathuluzi okuphatha okuguquguqukayo kwendawo yokusebenza kanye nokungenisa nokuthekelisa idatha. Ukwengeza, kuhlanganisa amathuluzi okucubungula, ukulungisa amaphutha, kanye nokwenza iphrofayela amafayela e-MATLAB.
Isiphetho
Ngizofingqa ngokuthi u-Julia uwulimi olukhethekile olusetshenziswa kakhulu iqembu elincane.
U-Julia cishe uzoguqukela ekubeni olimini oluthandwa kakhulu, olufunwa kakhulu njengoba abathuthukisi kanye nomphakathi bandisa amakhono abo.
Izigidi zabantu zisebenzisa iPython, okuwulimi olwaziwayo, futhi kunezinhlelo eziningi zezinkampani zangaphandle ezitholakalayo. Kusukela kumageyimu kuya ocwaningweni lwedatha, isetshenziswa yonke indawo.
Ikharikhulamu ngayinye yonjiniyela ihlanganisa iPython njengolunye lwezilimi eziyisisekelo, futhi njengoba izilimi ezintsha zikwazi ukuxhumana njalo nayo, ngeke ithathelwe indawo noma nini maduze.
Nakuba i-Julia ne-Python manje sebeyizilimi zokuhlela ezidume kakhulu emkhakheni wesayensi yedatha, i-MATLAB kubikezelwa ukuthi izozuza ekudumeni nasekusetshenzisweni kwesikhathi ngenxa yokuthuthukiswa kokumodela kweqoqo namandla ayo okusebenzisa.
Iqiniso lokuthi abasebenzisi bangasebenzisa inkundla eyodwa eqinile ukudizayina amamodeli e-ML, bahlaziye idatha, futhi bakhe izinhlelo zokusebenza zedeskithophu neselula ngama-GUI enziwe ngokwezifiso kuthuthukisa kakhulu isikhundla sika-MATLAB emkhakheni wesayensi yedatha.
shiya impendulo