Ubuchwepheshe babantu bufinyelele esicongweni ngamasistimu edijithali.
I-microcontroller noma i-microprocessor ngokuvamile isetshenziswa kumasistimu anjalo, agcina, acubungula, futhi adlulise idatha ngefomu ledijithali.
Amasekhethi edijithali ahlinzeka futhi amukele idatha ngamadijithi kanambambili (okungu-1 no-0).
Ngaphezu kwalokho, amasango anengqondo abeka isisekelo senqwaba yamasekhethi anengqondo edijithali akhona namuhla.
Amakhompyutha abe yingxenye ebalulekile yokuphila kwansuku zonke njengoba ekwazi ukufeza imisebenzi eminingi nemisebenzi ngesikhathi esifushane kakhulu.
Omunye wemithwalo yemfanelo ebaluleke kakhulu ye-CPU yekhompuyutha ukwenza izinqubo ezinengqondo usebenzisa ihadiwe njenge-Integrated Circuits, ubuchwepheshe besofthiwe, namasekhethi kagesi.
Amakhompyutha asebenzisa amadijithi kanambambili kunedijithi yedijithali ukuze enze imisebenzi elula. Amasango e-logic enza yonke imisebenzi.
Liyini isango elinengqondo?
Isango elinengqondo liyingxenye yamasekhethi edijithali asebenza njengebhlokhi yokwakha.
Benza imisebenzi ebalulekile enengqondo kumjikelezo wedijithali. Amasango anengqondo asetshenziswa cishe kuzo zonke izinto zobuchwepheshe esizisebenzisayo namuhla.
Amasango anengqondo, isibonelo, angatholakala kumadivayisi eselula, amaphilisi, namadivayisi enkumbulo.
Amasango anengqondo esekethe enza izinqumo ezisuselwe kungxubevange yamasiginali edijithali athunyelwe kokufakwayo kwawo. Iningi lamasango e-logic anokokufaka okubili kanye nokuphumayo okukodwa.
Ukuze kwakhiwe amasango anengqondo, kusetshenziswa i-algebra ye-Boolean. Nganoma isiphi isikhathi, itheminali ngayinye isesimweni esisodwa kwezimbili ezimbili: amanga noma iqiniso.
Amanga alingana noziro, kanti iqiniso lilingana noyedwa. Okukhiphayo kanambambili kuzohluka ngokusekelwe ohlotsheni lwesango elinengqondo elisetshenzisiwe kanye nengxube yokufaka.
Isango elinengqondo lifana neswishi yokukhanya ngokuthi okukhiphayo kuvaliwe endaweni eyodwa futhi kuvuliwe kwenye. Amasango anengqondo asetshenziswa kaningi kumasekethe ahlanganisiwe (ICs).
Yiziphi izinhlobo ezahlukene zamasango e-logic?
Amasango anengqondo ahlukaniswa ngezinhlobo eziyisikhombisa:
- FUTHI
- OR
- HHAYI
- Futhi
- NAND
- XOR
- I-XNOR
Manje, ake sijule komunye nomunye wabo.
1. KANYE NESango
Kuyisango elinengqondo ezingeni layo eliyisisekelo. Kunezinhlobo ezimbili zokufakwayo ezitholakalayo: 0 kanye no-1.
Ukusebenza kwayo kuyafana nokokusebenza "kanye". Uma konke okokufaka kwesango kunenani elifanayo (iqiniso), umphumela uthi 1, okunye u-0 ulethwa lapho noma yikuphi okokufaka kunenani elifanayo (amanga).
Expression
Y = AB
Umdwebo weBlock
Ithebula Leqiniso
A | B | Okukhiphayo |
0 | 0 | 0 |
0 | 1 | 0 |
1 | 0 | 0 |
1 | 1 | 1 |
2. NOMA Isango
NOMA amasango anokufaka okubili noma ngaphezulu futhi awuhlobo lwesango elinengqondo.
Ingakwazi ukukhiqiza kuphela okukhiphayo okukodwa ngesikhathi, nokho. Ngokusho kwe-algebra, isango elithi NOMA likhiqiza isamba sedatha yokufaka.
Okukhiphayo kwesango NOMA ngokuvamile kuyiqiniso (1) uma okungenani okukodwa kokungenayo kuyiqiniso; ngaphandle kwalokho, umphumela unguziro.
Expression
Y = A+B
Umdwebo weBlock
Ithebula Leqiniso
A | B | Okukhiphayo |
0 | 0 | 0 |
0 | 1 | 1 |
1 | 0 | 1 |
1 | 1 | 1 |
3. HHAYI Isango
Ingaba nokokufaka nokukhiphayo okukodwa kuphela nganoma isiphi isikhathi. AKUKHO amasango, ngakolunye uhlangothi, avame ukusetshenziselwa ukukhiqiza okukhiphayo kunokufaka.
Umphumela uthi 0 uma AKUKHO okokufaka kwesango kungu-1; uma okokufaka kungu-0, umphumela uba ngu-1.
Ngenxa yomsebenzi wayo, yaziwa nangokuthi i-inverter. Isango HAYI ngezinye izikhathi laziwa ngokuthi isango le-Unary ngenxa yenani elicacile lokungenayo okuphelele.
Expression
Y=A'
Umdwebo weBlock
Ithebula Leqiniso
Okokufaka (A) | Okukhiphayo (HHAYI A) |
0 | 1 |
1 | 0 |
4. NOMA Isango
Yakhiwe ngawo womabili NOMA HHAYI amasango. Isango elithi NOR liyi-polar eliphambene nesango NOMA ngokwendlela elisebenza ngayo.
Nganoma yisiphi isikhathi, isango le-NOR lingaba nokokufaka okubili noma ngaphezulu kodwa okuphumayo okukodwa kuphela. Uma konke okokufaka kunguziro, isango elithi NOR libuyisela u-1; Nokho, uma okunye okokufaka kukodwa (1), okukhiphayo kunguziro (0).
Expression
Y=(A+B)'
Umdwebo weBlock
Ithebula Leqiniso
A | B | Okukhiphayo |
0 | 0 | 1 |
0 | 1 | 0 |
1 | 0 | 0 |
1 | 1 | 0 |
5. Isango le-NAND
Kuyinhlanganisela yesango KANYE kanye nesango NOT elingamukela okokufaka okubili noma ngaphezulu ngesikhathi esisodwa kodwa likhiphe okukodwa kuphela.
Indlela yesango le-NAND iphambene naleyo yesango KANYE. Uma okunye okokufaka kwesango le-NAND kungu-0, kutholwa okukhiphayo 1; uma kungenjalo, okukhiphayo kuhlala kungu-0.
Expression
Y=(AB)'
Umdwebo weBlock
Ithebula Leqiniso
A | B | Okukhiphayo |
0 | 0 | 1 |
0 | 1 | 1 |
1 | 0 | 1 |
1 | 1 | 0 |
6. XOR Isango
I-Exclusive-OR, ngokuvamile eyaziwa ngokuthi isango le-'Ex-OR', iyisango le-digital logic elithatha okokufaka okungaphezulu kokubili kodwa likhipha inani elilodwa kuphela.
Okukhiphayo kwesango le-XOR kungu-'1' uma okunye okokufaka kungu-'1.' Umphumela uba '0' uma kokubili okokufaka kungu-'1.' Umphumela uba '0' uma kokubili okokufaka kungu-'0.'
Expression
Y=A'.B+A.B'
Umdwebo weBlock
Ithebula Leqiniso
A | B | Okukhiphayo |
0 | 0 | 0 |
0 | 1 | 1 |
1 | 0 | 1 |
1 | 1 | 0 |
7. XNOR Isango
I-Exclusive-NOR, evame ukwaziwa ngokuthi 'EX-NOR' isango, iyisango le-digital logic elithatha okokufaka okungaphezulu kokubili kodwa elikhipha okukodwa kuphela.
Uma kokubili okokufaka kungu-'1,' ukuphuma kwesango le-XNOR kungu-'1.' Umphumela uba '0' lapho kokubili okokufaka kungu-'0.' Umphumela uzoba ngu-'0' uma okokufaka okukodwa kungu-'0.'
Expression
Y=A.B+A'B'
Umdwebo weBlock
Ithebula Leqiniso
A | B | Okukhiphayo |
0 | 0 | 1 |
0 | 1 | 0 |
1 | 0 | 0 |
1 | 1 | 0 |
I-Logic Gate Isebenzisa
- Amasango anengqondo angahlanganiswa ngezindlela eziningi, futhi imishini yakamuva, amasathelayithi, ngisho namarobhothi adinga isigidi salezi zinhlanganisela.
- Amasango e-Logic asetshenziswa ezinhlobonhlobo zezicelo. Ama-chips (ICs) aqukethe lezi zingxenye, ezitholakala kumakhompyutha, amafoni, amakhompyutha aphathekayo, nezinye izinto zikagesi.
- Ukudluliswa kwedatha, ukubala, nokucubungula idatha konke kuyazuza kumasango anengqondo. Amasango anengqondo asetshenziswa kakhulu ku-transistor-transistor logic kanye ne-CMOS electronics.
- Ama-alamu okugqekeza, ama-buzzers, amaswishi, nezibani zomgwaqo konke kusebenzisa inhlanganisela yamasango anengqondo. Lawa masango asetshenziswa kabanzi ezinhlobonhlobo zezimboni ngoba angakhetha ukuqala noma ukuyeka kuye ngokuthi kunengqondo.
buhle
- Azibizi. Ngenxa yalokho, ziba ezibiza kakhulu.
- Idinga ugesi omncane.
- I-Logic 0 kanye ne-logic 1 zihlukaniswe ngokucacile.
- Isebenza njengesisekelo sayo yonke igajethi yedijithali.
- Isebenzisa i-Boolean Algebra ukwenza imisebenzi enengqondo.
bawo
- Ukugcwaliseka kwesango elinengqondo akucabangeki ohlelweni oluyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu noma umklamo wesifunda njengoba kunzima ukuwabeka nokuwaxhumanisa ngokufanelekile.
- I-voltage ephansi yokusebenza yinto enhle ukuba nayo.
- Okokufaka nokukhiphayo kuhlukaniswa ngokubambezeleka kwesikhathi.
Isiphetho
Ukugeleza kwamandla kagesi kusetshenzwa ngesango elinengqondo.
Kufanele unikeze okokufaka kuyo, futhi uma ukudluliswa kunikwe amandla, okwamanje kungageleza kukho.
Imibandela yokugeleza kwamanje oyisebenzisayo njengeswishi ngokuvamile ichazwa yisango elinengqondo.
Ungasebenzisa amasango anengqondo ukufeza imisebenzi kanambambili njengokwengeza, ukuphindaphinda, nokuhlukanisa.
shiya impendulo