Okuqukethwe[Fihla][Bonisa]
- 1. Thuthukisa Ulwazi Lwakho Oluyisisekelo
- 2. Sebenzisa isu eligxile entweni
- 3. Sebenzisa imisebenzi noma imincane
- 4. Esikhundleni sokuthi ==, sebenzisa ===
- 5. Sebenzisa i-JSLint
- 6. Imibhalo kufanele ibekwe phansi ekhasini lakho
- 7. Indlela Eshesha Kakhulu Yokwenza Intambo
- 8. Engeza amazwana kukhodi yakho
- 9. Sebenzisa i-Template Literals
- 10. Ama-Iterators kanye ne ... yama-Loops
- 11. Sebenzisa okuthi {} Esikhundleni se-Object entsha()
- 12. Cabangela ukufaka i-let and const kukhodi yakho
- 13. eval() Akuwona Umbono Omuhle
- 14. I-Spread Operator iza kahle
- 15. linda futhi async
- 16. Sebenzisa indlela ehlanganisa() kuJavascript
- 17. Khipha izinto ohlwini usebenzisa i-Splice
- 18. Sebenzisa Umsebenzi Womcibisholo
- 19. Nge-Destructuring, ungakwazi ukwaba amanani aguquguqukayo ngokushesha
- 20. Yenza amaphrojekthi amaningana
- Isiphetho
Uma uke waba nentshisekelo ekuthuthukisweni kwewebhu, mhlawumbe uhlangabezane ne-JavaScript. Ulimi lokuhlela olugxile entweni i-JavaScript. Onjiniyela bayisebenzisela ukwenza amakhasi ewebhu 'eceleni kweklayenti (ingaphambili) libe namandla futhi asebenzisane.
Iphinde isetshenziselwe ukudala amakhasi ewebhu nezinhlelo zokusebenza zewebhu, nge-HTML ne-CSS. Alikho ikhasi lewebhu ku-inthanethi namuhla elingenayo ikhodi ye-JavaScript. Sekuyisici esingenakuhlukaniswa somsebenzi wonjiniyela.
Ngempela, liya likhula kancane kancane. Yize i-JavaScript ibonwa kangcono ngokuhlinzeka ngokusebenza kumakhasi ewebhu, iphinda isetshenziswe ezindaweni okungezona eze-JavaScript. I-Node.js, i-Apache Couch-DB, ne-Adobe Acrobat ziyizibonelo zalobu buchwepheshe. Ngokusebenzisa i-JavaScript, iziphequluli eziningi zewebhu zesimanje ziqukethe injini yokukhishwa ye-JavaScript eyakhelwe ngaphakathi. Uma ufuna ukuba umthuthukisi wewebhu ophumelelayo, kuzodingeka ubhekane ne-JavaScript.
Kufanele ubhekane nakho namuhla noma kusasa. Kungani ungafundi i-JavaScript kusenesikhathi ukuze uzilungiselele lapho kufika isikhathi?
Yilokhu ozokufunda kulesi sihloko. Ichaza ukuthi ungahlala kanjani ngesinyathelo esisodwa ngaphambi kozakwenu abathuthukisi bewebhu ngokupholisha i-JavaScript yakho.
Ake siqale!
1. Thuthukisa Ulwazi Lwakho Oluyisisekelo
Ngizoqala ngomcabango nesitatimende esiyisisekelo owasizwa kusukela usemncane. Funda izinto eziyisisekelo futhi uzisebenzise. Izikhathi eziningi, uzobe usebenzisa ingqondo ngokubhala ikhodi, kodwa uzokhohlwa ukuthi sekunomsebenzi owakhelwe ngaphakathi, njengokusika uhlu. Uma usebenzisa ikhodi ye-JavaScript, ungathola iphutha, futhi ngenxa yalokho, izici eziningi ezengeziwe ziyayeka ukusebenza.
Lokhu kungabangelwa ikholoni eyodwa noma amakhoma ahlanekezelwe. Lezi zinto zenzeka ngenxa yokungaqondi kahle izinto eziyisisekelo. Izikhathi eziningi kuhlelo olulodwa, iluphu eyisisekelo njengokuthi for, which, or do while isetshenziswa. Amaluphu angenye yezakhiwo ezibaluleke kakhulu zokuhlela.
Kunzima impela ukwenza amakhodi futhi ube nethuba lokusebenzela inkampani uma ungayazi i-looping nezinye izinto eziyisisekelo. Ukuxoxa ngezinto ezibalulekile zakho kubalulekile ngoba zikunikeza isisekelo esiqinile ongathuthukisa kuso ingqondo nedumela lesixazululo.
2. Sebenzisa isu eligxile entweni
Indlela egxile ezintweni iyindlela eyaziwa kakhulu yokuhlela namuhla. Indlela egxile entweni, eqale ngo-C++, ikhule ngokuduma kakhulu kusukela lapho. Namuhla, kusetshenziswa izinhlelo ezigxile entweni kuphela ukuze kwakhiwe zonke izilimi eziyinhloko. Isu eligxile entweni yilelo eligxile entweni ethile.
Into ibe isiba yibhizinisi eliyisisekelo. Le nto ibe isetshenziselwa ukwengeza izibaluli nemisebenzi ekhasini njengesisekelo. Ungasebenzisa futhi indlela yendabuko yokwakha ikhodi kusuka phezulu kuye phansi ngaphandle kwanoma yimiphi imisebenzi noma izinto. Lokhu kubanzi kakhulu futhi akufanele nanini kuzanywe. Lapho sakha ikhodi, kufanele sisebenzise indlela yokusebenza, futhi uma sisebenzisa imisebenzi, kufanele sisebenzise izinto.
Ngakho-ke, ekuqaleni, lwela ukuguqula ikhodi yakho ebanzi ibe ikhodi eqondiswe entweni, futhi njalo ubhale ikhodi yakho ngesitayela esigxile entweni. Uma ufunda ikhodi yabanye abantu, uzohlala ubheka amasu agxile entweni. Uma ufuna ukuyazi kahle i-JavaScript, kuhle uma uyibamba.
3. Sebenzisa imisebenzi noma imincane
Ukuhlela ngendlela esebenzayo kuyindlela enhle yokuhamba. Kungani? Ihlukanisa isofthiwe yakho ibe amamojula asebenza ndawonye kodwa asahlukile kwamanye. Ake ngikunike isibonelo ukuze uqonde.
I-Root Mean Square yamanani aphelele ingase ibalwe kusetshenziswa umsebenzi. Ukuze wenze njalo, kufanele usikwele izinombolo eziphelele, ubale incazelo yazo, bese ubale impande eyisikwele yencazelo. Kunezigaba ezintathu kule nqubo. Ngenxa yalokho, singasebenzisa imisebenzi emithathu. Kodwa, njengoba ubona, yonke le misebenzi ixhumene. Umphumela wokukodwa uthunyelwa kwenye, futhi sithola umphumela wokugcina.
Asenze sengathi esikhundleni semisebenzi emithathu, umane udinga eyodwa ukuze ubale i-RMS ngokusekelwe ezintweni eziningi. Isixazululo sokugcina, njengoba ubona, asilungile. Kuzoba nzima kakhulu kuwe ukucacisa ukuthi yini engahambanga kahle esehlakalweni esikhulu kangaka ngalesi sikhathi.
Ukuba nemisebenzi emithathu emincane, ngakolunye uhlangothi, kuzokuvumela ukuthi uhlaziye ngokushesha. Njengomphumela, noma imisebenzi inesizotha, isebenzise ukuchaza amamojula ekhodi ahlukene. Le nqubo izokusiza ube uchwepheshe we-JavaScript njengomlingo.
Manje, ake sibheke amanye amathiphu wokubhala amakhodi we-JavaScript.
4. Esikhundleni sokuthi ==, sebenzisa ===
Ku-JavaScript, kunezinhlobo ezimbili zama-opharetha okulingana: ama-opharetha okulingana aqinile === kanye no-!==, nama-opharetha angalingani angaqinile == kanye !=. Uma kuqhathaniswa, kuthathwa njengomkhuba ongcono kakhulu ukusebenzisa ukulingana okuqondile ngaso sonke isikhathi. Uma usebenza no-== kanye no-!=, noma kunjalo, uzobhekana nezinkinga lapho usebenzisana nezinhlobo ezihlukile.
Uma izinhlobo zamanani, oziqhathanisayo zihlukile, o-opharetha abangaqinile bazozama ukuphoqa amanani abo, okungase kuholele emiphumeleni engalindelekile.
5. Sebenzisa i-JSLint
U-Douglas Crockford udale i-JSLint, i-debugger. Faka kalula umbhalo wakho ebhokisini, futhi lizoskena ngokushesha noma yiziphi iziphazamisi noma amaphutha.
I-JSLint ihlola ifayela lomthombo we-JavaScript. Uma inkinga itholwa, ithumela umlayezo onencazelo yenkinga kanye nendawo ehlanekezelwe phakathi komthombo. Inkinga ayihlali iyiphutha le-syntactic, nakuba kuvame ukuba njalo.
I-JSLint ihlola kokubili izinkambiso zesitayela nezindaba zesakhiwo. Akusho ukuthi isofthiwe yakho inembile. Ivele yengeze elinye ipheya lamehlo ukusiza ekutholeni izinkinga. Ngaphambi kokuthi uphume ngemvume kusikripthi, sisebenzise nge-JSLint ukuze uqiniseke ukuthi awenzi amaphutha.
6. Imibhalo kufanele ibekwe phansi ekhasini lakho
Inhloso eyinhloko yomsebenzisi ukuthi ikhasi lilayishe ngokushesha ngangokunokwenzeka. Isiphequluli asikwazi ukuqhubeka nokulayisha iskripthi kuze kube yilapho ifayela eliphelele selilayishiwe. Ngenxa yalokho, umsebenzisi kuzodingeka alinde isikhathi eside ukuze abone noma iyiphi inqubekelaphambili.
Uma unamafayela e-JS asetshenziselwa kuphela ukunikeza ukusebenza (isibonelo, uma inkinobho isicindezelwe), wabeke ngezansi kwekhasi, ngaphambi nje kwethegi yomzimba yokuvala. Lona ngokungangabazeki umkhuba omuhle kakhulu.
7. Indlela Eshesha Kakhulu Yokwenza Intambo
Uma udinga ukuzungeza amalungu afanayo noma into, ungahlali usebenzise i-trust yakho ngesitatimende seluphu. Sebenzisa umcabango wakho ukuze uqhamuke nesixazululo esisheshayo somsebenzi owenziwayo. Angizokulethela izinombolo; uzomane ungethembe (noma uzihlolele).
Lena indlela eshesha kakhulu kuze kube manje.
8. Engeza amazwana kukhodi yakho
Kungase kubonakale kungenangqondo ekuqaleni, kodwa ngithembe uma ngithi kufanele ubeke amazwana kukhodi yakho kaningi ngangokunokwenzeka. Kuthiwani uma ubuyela kuphrojekthi ezinyangeni kamuva futhi awukwazi ukukhumbula inqubo yakho yokucabanga yasekuqaleni?
Kuthiwani uma ikhodi yakho kufanele ibuyekezwe omunye wozakwenu? Izindawo ezibalulekile zekhodi yakho kufanele kuphawulwe ngazo njalo.
9. Sebenzisa i-Template Literals
Imikhawulo yeyunithi yezinhlamvu edalwe ngezingcaphuno ezimbili noma eyodwa miningi. Ukuze wenze ukusebenza ngazo kube lula kakhulu, ungakhetha ukushintsha amanye amayunithi ezinhlamvu zakho ufake amagama esifanekiso.
Uhlamvu lwe-backtick (') lusetshenziselwa ukwakha ama-liters wesifanekiso, anenani lezinzuzo. Ungazisebenzisa ukugcina izisho noma ukwakha izintambo zemigqa eminingi.
Njengoba ubona, ngokungafani neyunithi yezinhlamvu evamile eyakhiwe ngezingcaphuno ezilodwa noma ezimbili, bekungadingeki ukuthi siphinde siphume siphindelela kusifanekiso sethu sangempela. Lokhu kunciphisa amathuba okuthayipha amaphutha futhi kusivumela ukuthi sibhale ikhodi ehlanzekile.
10. Ama-Iterators kanye ne ... yama-Loops
Ama-Iterators ayizinto ku-JavaScript ezisebenzisa indlela elandelayo() yokubuyisela into egcina inani elilandelayo ngokulandelana kanye neqiniso noma amanga kuye ngokuthi akhona yini amanye amanani asele. Lokhu kusho ukuthi uma usebenzisa iphrothokholi ye-iterator, ungazakhela izinto zakho ze-iterator.
Kukhona ama-iterators akhelwe ngaphakathi ku-JavaScript, njenge-String, Array, Map, njalonjalo. Ungasebenzisa ama-loops ukuphindaphinda phakathi kwawo. Uma kuqhathaniswa nokujwayelekile kumaluphu, lokhu kufushane kakhulu futhi akuthambekele kangako kumaphutha. Akudingekile ukuthi silandelele ubude obuphelele bohlelo noma inkomba yamanje sisebenzisa i-…of loop. Lapho uklama amaluphu avalelwe, lokhu kungasiza ukwenza ikhodi ibe lula.
11. Sebenzisa okuthi {} Esikhundleni se-Object entsha()
Ku-JavaScript, ungenza izinto ngezindlela ezihlukahlukene. Ukusebenzisa umakhi omusha, njengoba kukhonjisiwe, kuyindlela evamile. Leli su, ngakolunye uhlangothi, liphawulwe “njengesenzo esingesihle”.
Ayikonakali, kodwa inamagama amancane futhi iyingqayizivele. Ngiphakamisa esikhundleni salokho ngisebenzise inqubo yento yangempela.
12. Cabangela ukufaka i-let and const kukhodi yakho
Singasebenzisa igama elingukhiye elithi let ukwenza okuguquguqukayo kwasendaweni okufinyelelwe kubhulokhi yabo. Singasebenzisa igama elingukhiye le-const ukuze sakhe okuguquguqukayo kwe-block-scoped yendawo engakwazi ukushintshwa.
Lapho umemezela okuguquguqukayo, kufanele ucabange ukusebenzisa amagama angukhiye we-let and const lapho kusebenza khona. Khumbula ukuthi igama elingukhiye le-const likhubaza ukwabiwa kabusha kuphela. Akwenzi okuguquguqukayo kungaguquleki, futhi.
13. eval() Akuwona Umbono Omuhle
Indlela ye-eval(), yalabo abangazi, isivumela ukuthi sifinyelele kumdidiyeli we-JavaScript. Empeleni, singasebenzisa i-eval ukuze sikhiphe umphumela weyunithi yezinhlamvu ngokuyinikeza njengokufaka ().
Lokhu ngeke nje kubambezele kakhulu iskripthi sakho, kodwa futhi kunikeza ukukhathazeka okubalulekile kokuvikeleka njengoba kunikeza umbhalo odluliselwe igunya elikhulu kakhulu. Kugweme ngazo zonke izindlela!
14. I-Spread Operator iza kahle
Uke wadinga ukudlulisa zonke izinto ohlwini njengezakhi ngazinye komunye umsebenzi, noma udinga ukubeka wonke amanani ukusuka ohlwini olulodwa ukuya kwelinye? Yilokhu kanye opharetha abasabalalisayo (…) esivumela ukuthi sikuzuze. Nanku umfanekiso.
15. linda futhi async
Dala imisebenzi engavumelanisi usebenzisa igama elingukhiye elithi async, elihlale libuyisela isithembiso, ngokusobala noma ngokungagunci.
Igama elingukhiye lokulinda lingasetshenziswa emisebenzini engavumelanisiyo ukuze kumiswe ukusebenza kuze kuqedwe ukulungiswa kwezithembiso ezibuyayo. Ngaphandle komsebenzi wakho we-async, ikhodi izoqhubeka nokusebenza ngokujwayelekile.
16. Sebenzisa indlela ehlanganisa() kuJavascript
Ku-JavaScript, umsebenzi ohlanganisa () unquma ukuthi iyunithi yezinhlamvu iqukethe yini izinhlamvu ezinikeziwe noma ukuthi amalungu afanayo aqukethe yini into ethile.
Le ndlela ibuyisela iqiniso uma iyunithi yezinhlamvu noma isici sitholwa; kungenjalo, ibuyisela amanga. Kuhle ukusho ukuthi i-Strings contains() umsebenzi uyazwela. Uma ufisa ukufanisa iyunithi yezinhlamvu kungakhathaliseki ukuthi injani ikesi, vele wehlise umbhalo oqondiwe kuqala.
17. Khipha izinto ohlwini usebenzisa i-Splice
Ukuze ususe into ohlwini, ngibone onjiniyela besebenzisa umsebenzi wokususa. Lokhu kuyiphutha ngoba, esikhundleni sokususa into, indlela yokususa ifaka esikhundleni sayo esingachazwanga.
Indlela elula yokususa i-elementi ohlwini kuye ngevelu yayo ku-JavaScript ukusebenzisa umsebenzi we-indexOf() ukuze uthole inombolo yenkomba yalelo nani ohlwini, bese ususa lelo nani lenkomba ngendlela ye-splice().
18. Sebenzisa Umsebenzi Womcibisholo
Imisebenzi yomcibisholo ingesinye isici esibalulekile esisanda kwengezwa ku-JavaScript.
Banezikebhe eziningi ezinhle. Okokuqala, benza izingxenye ezisebenzayo ze-JavaScript zikhange nakakhulu futhi kube lula ukuzibhala. Kodwa-ke, ukusebenzisa imisebenzi yomcibisholo kwenza lokhu kufundeke kakhulu futhi kube mfushane.
19. Nge-Destructuring, ungakwazi ukwaba amanani aguquguqukayo ngokushesha
Ngaphambilini kulokhu okuthunyelwe, sifunde mayelana ne-opharetha yokusabalalisa ku-JavaScript. Ukucekela phansi kufana nokucekela phansi ngoba kuphinde kuthulule idatha equkethwe ngaphakathi kwezinhlaka.
Umehluko wukuthi la manani angapakishiwe angabelwa okuguquguqukayo okuhlukile. I-syntax iyafana naleyo yesinqamuleli esithi [] lapho kwakhiwa amalungu afanayo. Abakaki, nokho, babekwe kwesokunxele somqhubi wesabelo kulokhu. Nanku umfanekiso.
20. Yenza amaphrojekthi amaningana
Noma yiliphi ithalente lithatha ukuzijwayeza okungaguquki, ngakho-ke zama ukwakha amaphrojekthi ahlukahlukene ukuze ucije amakhono akho futhi uthole ulwazi ngezimo ezihlukahlukene zokuhlela.
Ngenkathi usebenza kumaphrojekthi, uzobhekana nezinselelo namaphutha amaningana, okuzokunikeza ubuchwepheshe obudingekayo. Ngakho-ke zama ukuqhamuka namaphrojekthi, futhi kunendathane yemibono nezibonelo ku-inthanethi zokukusiza. Qhubeka uthuthukise ikhodi, futhi amakhono akho azothuthuka.
Isiphetho
Kungase kube nzima ukufunda ulimi lwekhompyutha njengeJavaScript. Uma uzimisele ngokuba umhleli omuhle futhi uthole umsebenzi wakho wokuqala, lawa masu okufunda e-JavaScript angakusiza ukusheshisa inqubo yakho yokufunda.
Qiniseka ukuthi uzijwayeza ukubhala amakhodi njalo, uthatha amanothi aphelele ngenkathi ufunda imibono emisha, futhi usebenzisa wonke amathuluzi ofinyeleleka kuwo. Ngaphezu kwakho konke, phuma lapho bese uqala ukubhala amakhodi ngenkathi uzijabulisa.
shiya impendulo