Okuqukethwe[Fihla][Bonisa]
Kusukela ekuthuthukisweni kwamakhompiyutha noma imishini, amandla abo okwenza imisebenzi eminingi akhule ngezinga elikhulu.
Abantu baye bandisa amandla ezinhlelo zamakhompiyutha ngokwezindawo zabo zokusebenza ezibanzi, isivinini esikhulayo, nokuncipha kosayizi ngokuhamba kwesikhathi. I-Artificial intelligence ubuchwepheshe obuguqule ngokuphawulekayo ikhulunyaka lamashumi amabili nanye.
I-AI iyingxenye yempilo yethu yansuku zonke, yingakho ngikholwa ukuthi kubalulekile ukuthi siqonde imigomo eminingi ye-AI.
I-Artificial intelligence (AI) iyisisekelo sokulingisa izinqubo zobuhlakani bomuntu endaweni yekhompyutha eguquguqukayo ngokuklama nokusebenzisa ama-algorithms.
Kungumzamo wokufundisa amakhompyutha ukucabanga nokuziphatha njengabantu. I-Artificial intelligence (AI) iya ngokuya ivame kakhulu emhlabeni wanamuhla.
Kubhekiselwa ekwenziweni kabusha kobuhlakani bomuntu kumakhompyutha ahlelelwe ukufunda nokuphindaphinda ukuziphatha komuntu.
Lawa makhompyutha ayakwazi ukufunda emaphutheni abo nokwenza imisebenzi efana naleyo eyenziwa abantu.
Njengoba i-AI ithuthuka, izoba nomthelela omkhulu ezingeni lethu lokuphila.
Kuyini i-Artificial Intelligence?
I-Artificial intelligence iqoqo lobuchwepheshe obusebenza ndawonye ukuze amarobhothi akwazi ukubona, ukutolika, ukwenza, nokufunda emazingeni obuhlakani afana nabantu.
Kungakho wonke umuntu ebonakala enencazelo ehlukile yobuhlakani bokwenziwa: I-AI akuyona nje into eyodwa. I-Artificial Intelligence (AI) igatsha lesayensi yekhompiyutha eligxile ezindabeni zengqondo ezihlobene nobuhlakani bomuntu, okuhlanganisa ukufunda, ukuxazulula izinkinga, nokuqashelwa kwephethini.
I-Artificial Intelligence iyindlela yokufundisa ikhompuyutha, irobhothi elilawulwa yi-computer, noma i-software ukuba icabange ngendlela efanayo nobuchopho bomuntu.
I-AI ikhiqizwa ngokuhlola izinqubo zokuqonda kanye ukucwaninga ubuchopho bomuntu amaphethini. Lolu cwaningo luholele ekusungulweni kwesoftware nezinhlelo ezihlakaniphile.
Ngenxa yobuhlakani bokwenziwa, imishini ingafunda kokuhlangenwe nakho kwangaphambilini, izivumelanise nokokufaka okusha, futhi yenze imisebenzi efana neyomuntu (AI).
Ukufunda okujulile kanye nokucutshungulwa kolimi lwemvelo (NLP) kusetshenziswa kakhulu ezimweni eziningi ze-AI namuhla, kusukela kumakhompyutha adlala i-chess kuya ezimotweni ezizishayelayo. I-Artificial intelligence (AI) yenza amakhompyutha namagajethi enze imisebenzi efana nobuhlakani bomuntu.
Ayikho incazelo eyamukelwa emhlabeni wonke ye-Artificial Intelligence. Izincazelo ze-Artificial Intelligence ziyavela ngaso sonke isikhathi ngenxa yezici nezimfanelo zayo eziningi.
Iyini i-AI ebuthakathaka?
Ubuhlakani bokwenziwa obunamandla alinganiselwe bubizwa nge-AI ebuthakathaka noma i-AI encane.
I-AI ebuthakathaka isebenzisa ama-algorithms athuthukile ekuxazululeni izinkinga ezithile noma imisebenzi yokucabanga engadingi ububanzi obugcwele bamakhono okuqonda omuntu.
Abasizi bomuntu siqu abasekelwe ezwini abafana no-Siri ne-Alexa bangabizwa ngokuthi amasistimu e-AI abuthakathaka njengoba benza isethi elinganiselwe yemisebenzi echazwe ngaphambilini, okusho ukuthi ngokuvamile banempendulo ehlelwe ngaphambilini.
I-AI ebuthakathaka ayinandaba nemiphumela ye-AI; ikholelwa nje ukuthi ukuziphatha okukhaliphile kungamelwa futhi kusetshenziswe amakhompyutha ukuze kusingathwe izinkinga eziyinkimbinkimbi nemisebenzi.
Nokho, ngenxa yokuthi i-computer ikwazi ukuziphatha ngendlela ekhaliphile akusho ukuthi ihlakaniphe ngendlela efanayo nomuntu.
Iyini i-AI eqinile?
I-AI eqinile iwuhlobo oluhlongozwayo lobuhlakani bokwenziwa abathi amarobhothi angathuthukisa ukwazi komuntu ngokulingana nabantu.
I-AI eqinile isho amakhompyutha noma izinhlelo ezinemiqondo yazo futhi ezikwaziyo ukucabanga nokuqeda imisebenzi eyinkimbinkimbi ngaphandle kosizo lwabantu.
I-AI eqinile yenziwe nge-algorithm eyinkimbinkimbi evumela amakhompiyutha ukuthi asebenze ezimweni ezihlukahlukene, futhi amadivayisi anikwe amandla yi-AI eqinile angenza izinqumo ngaphandle kwesidingo sokubamba iqhaza komuntu.
Amakhompyutha anamandla anamandla e-AI, njengabantu, ayakwazi ukuqedela imisebenzi enzima ngokwawo.
Ngokuyisisekelo ithi ikhompuyutha enesakhiwo esisebenzayo esidingekayo inomqondo obonayo, ocabangayo, futhi ohlose ngendlela efanayo nomqondo womuntu.
Lolu uhlobo lobuhlakani bokwenziwa esibubona kumamuvi.
Isebenza kanjani i-Artificial Intelligence (AI)?
Ukwakha uhlelo lwe-AI kuyinqubo ecophelelayo ebandakanya ukuhlehlisa izimfanelo zomuntu zonjiniyela kanye namakhono kukhompuyutha bese isebenzisa amandla ayo ekhompuyutha ukuze idlule esikwaziyo ukukwenza.
Ukuze uqonde Ukuthi I-Artificial Intelligence Isebenza Kanjani, umuntu kufanele aqale ahlole izizinda ezimbalwa ze-Artificial Intelligence futhi aqonde ukuthi lezo zizinda zingasetshenziswa kanjani ezimbonini ezihlukahlukene zezimboni.
- Ukufunda ngomshini (ML): Kuyinqubo yokufundisa umshini ukwenza iziphetho neziphetho ngokusekelwe kokuhlangenwe nakho kwangaphambilini. Ibona amaphethini futhi ihlaziye idatha yangaphambilini ukuze kutholakale incazelo yala maphuzu edatha ukuze kufinyelelwe esiphethweni esibambekayo ngaphandle kokuncika kokuhlangenwe nakho komuntu. Lokhu kuzenzakalela ukuze kufinyelelwe esiphethweni ngokuhlaziya idatha konga isikhathi samafemu futhi kuzisiza ukuthi zenze izinqumo ezingcono.
- Ukufunda Okujulile: Kuyindlela yokufunda yomshini. Ifundisa ikhompuyutha indlela yokuhlaziya okokufaka kusetshenziswa izendlalelo ukuze ihlukanise, ichaze, futhi ibikezele umphumela.
- Amanethiwekhi eNeural: Isebenza ngokufana namaseli emizwa yomuntu. Ziyiqoqo lama-algorithms athwebula ubudlelwano phakathi kokuguquguquka okuningi okuyisisekelo futhi ahumushe idatha ngendlela efanayo nobuchopho bomuntu.
- Ukusetjenziswa koLimi kweNdalo (NLP): Iwucwaningo lokusebenzisa umshini ukufunda, ukuqonda nokuhumusha ulimi. Uma umshini uqonda lokho ozama ukukusho, usabela ngendlela efanele.
- Umbono wekhompyutha: Ama-algorithms azama ukuqonda isithombe ngokusihlukanisa nokuhlola izakhi ezihlukahlukene zezinto. Lokhu kusiza ukuhlukaniswa komshini nokufunda eqenjini lezithombe, kuwuvumela ukuthi wenze izinqumo ezingcono zokuphumayo ezisuselwe ekubonweni kwangaphambilini.
- Ikhompyutha ekhombayo: Ama-algorithms azama ukuphindaphinda ubuchopho bomuntu ngokuhlaziya umbhalo/inkulumo/izithombe/izinto ngendlela efanayo naleyo umuntu enza ngayo futhi ezama ukukhiqiza okukhiphayo okudingekayo.
Yiziphi izigaba ezahlukene ze-Artificial Intelligence?
Ngokusekelwe emandleni abo okulingisa ubuhlakani bomuntu, ubuhlakani bokwenziwa bungahlukaniswa ngezigaba ezintathu.
- I-Artificial Narrow Intelligence(ANI)
- I-Artificial General Intelligence(AGN)
- I-Artificial Super Intelligence(ASN)
I-Artificial Narrow Intelligence(ANI)
Uhlobo oluyisisekelo nolunomkhawulo lwe-AI ubuhlakani bokwenziwa obuncane (ANI) noma i-AI ebuthakathaka.
Nokho, ungakhohliswa ilebula elithi “buthaka.”
Naphezu kokuchazwa njengonomkhawulo nobuthakathaka, lolu hlobo lobuhlakani bomshini lusebenza kahle kakhulu ekwenzeni injongo eqondile olwadalelwe yona.
I-ANI isetshenziselwa ukunika amandla i-IBM Watson, i-newsfeed ye-Facebook, iziphakamiso zemikhiqizo ye-Amazon, nezimoto ezizishayelayo.
I-Narrow AI iphumelela kakhulu emisebenzini ephindaphindwayo. Kulolu hlobo lwe-AI, ukubonwa kwenkulumo, ukuhlonza into, nokubonwa kobuso konke kuyimvelo yesibili.
Nokho, ngenxa yokuthi lolu hlobo lwe-AI lusebenza ngaphakathi kwemingcele ethile kanye nemikhawulo, alusebenzi.
I-AI ebuthakathaka ingakwazi futhi ukubona amaphethini nokuxhumana ngenani elikhulu ledatha ngesikhathi sangempela, into eyaziwa ngokuthi idatha enkulu.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-ANI ukuphela kohlobo lwe-AI isintu esikwazi ukufinyelela kulo njengamanje, ngakho-ke noma yibuphi ubuhlakani bokwenziwa ohlangana nabo buyoba i-AI ebuthakathaka.
Lesi ukuphela kwesigaba se-AI manje. Bangakwazi ukulingisa ngisho nokwenza kahle kunokusebenza komuntu kuzilungiselelo ezithile, kodwa kuphela ezimeni ezilawulwa kakhulu ezinobubanzi obulinganiselwe bezimpawu.
I-Artificial General Intelligence(AGI)
I-AGI iseyithiyori esaphenywayo.
Kuchazwa njengobuhlakani bokwenziwa obunamandla okuqonda ezingeni lomuntu emikhakheni eyahlukene efana nokucubungula ulimi, ukucutshungulwa kwesithombe, ukucabanga ngekhompyutha, nokunye.
I-Artificial General intelligence (AGI) ibhekisela emandleni e-ejenti ye-AI okufunda, ukubuka, ukuqonda, nokusebenza ngendlela efanayo nabantu.
I-AGI, eyaziwa nangokuthi i-AI eqinile noma i-AI ejulile, ingenza wonke umsebenzi umuntu angakwenza. Ukwakha uhlelo lwe-AGI kusekude phambili.
Uhlelo lwe-AGI lungadinga izinkulungwane zamayunithi e-Artificial Narrow Intelligence ukuthi asebenze ekhonsathini futhi ahlanganyele ukuze alingise ukucabanga komuntu.
Ukukhathazeka kwe-AI elawula isintu kuqala nge-AGI.
Uma amarobhothi azibulalayo afana ne-T-800 evela ku-The Terminator eke enziwa imizimba yabantu, azoba naleli zinga lobuhlakani bokwenziwa.
Futhi, impela, kuseneminyaka eminingi ukuthi sithuthukise ubuhlakani bokwenziwa obunamandla.
Ngenxa yokuthi lolu hlobo lobuhlakani bokwenziwa lungacabanga, luqonde, futhi luziphathe njengabantu, luzoba nohlu oluphelele lwamakhono okuqonda abantu abawathatha kalula.
Ososayensi bazama ukuthola indlela yokwenza amarobhothi azwele futhi bawagcwalise ngamandla okuqonda avumela abantu ukuba bahlakaniphe.
Uma ososayensi bephumelela, sizozungezwa amarobhothi angakwazi nje ukwandisa ukusebenza kahle kwawo ekuqedeni imisebenzi ethile, kodwa nokusebenzisa ulwazi oluzuzwe ngolwazi.
I-Artificial Super Intelligence(ASI)
Igama elithi "artificial superintelligence" (ASI) libhekisela ku-AI yokucabanga. I-ASI yaziwa nangokuthi i-super AI, futhi singacabanga kuphela nge-ASI ngemva kokuba sesizuze i-AGI.
I-Super AI ibhekisela lapho amarobhothi edlula abantu ngokuphathelene nengqondo namandla okuqonda.
Uma i-ASI isivuliwe, amakhompyutha ayoba namandla okuqagela athuthukisiwe futhi azokwazi ukucabanga ngezindlela abantu abangeke bazibambe.
Imishini enikwe amandla i-ASI izodlula isintu ngayo yonke indlela. Lapho sibhekene ne-AI ephezulu, amathalente ethu okuthatha izinqumo nokuxazulula izinkinga azophaphatheka.
Ochwepheshe abaningi bemboni basalokhu bengabaza ngokusebenza kokuthuthukisa i-ASI.
Amathuba ukuthi akekho kithi ozophila ukuze afakaze lolu hlobo lwe-AI - ngaphandle uma sivula ukungafi kuqala.
Kodwa-ke, uma sithola i-Artificial General Intelligence, amasistimu e-AI azokwazi ukuthuthukisa amakhono awo ngokushesha futhi akhule abe yizindawo abantu abebengasoze bazicabanga.
Nakuba igebe phakathi kwe-AGI ne-ASI lingaba lincane kakhulu (abanye bathi lincane njenge-millisecond, ngoba yindlela ezosheshe ifunde ngayo i-Artificial Intelligence), uhambo olude oluphambi kwethu lokufinyelela i-AGI ngokwalo lenza lokhu kubonakale kuwumqondo olele kude. ikusasa.
Iyini inhloso ye-Artificial Intelligence?
Injongo yobuhlakani bokwenziwa iwukwenezela emakhonweni omuntu futhi usisize ekwenzeni izinqumo eziyinkimbinkimbi ezinemiphumela efinyelela kude. Leso yisixazululo ngokombono wezobuchwepheshe.
I-Artificial Intelligence inamandla okusiza abantu baphile izimpilo ezinenjongo ngokwengeziwe ngaphandle kokusebenza kanzima, kanye nokubusa inethiwekhi eyinkimbinkimbi yabantu abaxhumene, amabhizinisi, izifundazwe, kanye nezizwe ngendlela ezuzisa sonke isintu.
Inhloso yamanje ye-Artificial Intelligence ukwenza lula umzamo womuntu futhi usisize ekwenzeni izinqumo ezingcono.
I-Artificial Intelligence iphinde yaqanjwa ngokuthi “I-Final Invention,” okuyindalo ekwazi ukukhiqiza imikhiqizo namasevisi aphambili azoguqula ngokuphawulekayo indlela esiphila ngayo izimpilo zethu, ngethemba lokusula udlame, ukungalingani, nosizi lwabantu.
Isetshenziswa kanjani i-Artificial Intelligence?
Kuyo yonke indawo esizungezile, ubuhlakani bokwenziwa busetshenziswa ngezindlela eziningi ezahlukene. Kuguqule umhlaba wethu futhi kwenza izimpilo zethu zaba lula futhi zajabulisa kakhulu. Ezinye zezinhlelo zokusebenza eziningi ze-AI ongase uzazi zifaka:
- Ukuqaphela izwi - Uma udinga imiyalo, abantu abaningi bayazi ukuthi babuze uSiri noma i-Alexa yabo yasekhaya ehlakaniphile ukuthi isethe isikhathi. Lolu uhlobo lobuchwepheshe bobuhlakani bokwenziwa. Ukufunda ngomshini kusiza i-Siri, i-Alexa, nobunye ubuchwepheshe bokuqaphela inkulumo ekufundeni ngawe nezinto ozincamelayo, okubavumela ukuthi bakukhonze kangcono. Lobu buchwepheshe buphinde busebenzise ubuhlakani bokwenziwa ukuze bathole izimpendulo zemibuzo yakho noma benze imisebenzi obabela yona.
- Ama-chatbots - Amabhizinisi amaningi asebenzisa ubuhlakani bokwenziwa ukuqinisa abasebenzi abaseka amakhasimende abo. Ama-Chatbot angaxhumana nabathengi futhi aphendule imibuzo ejwayelekile ngaphandle kokudinga isikhathi somuntu ophilayo. Bangafunda futhi bazivumelanise nokusabela okuhlukahlukene, bathole ulwazi olwengeziwe oluzobasiza ekukhiqizeni okukhiphayo okuhlukile, nokunye. Ngenxa yokuzwa igama elithile, bangaphendula ngencazelo ethile. Amakhasimende angasebenzisana nalesi sistimu yochwepheshe ezingeni lomuntu siqu.
- Izimoto zokuzishayela - Izimoto ezizishayelayo. Ukufunda ngomshini nokubonwa kwesithombe kusetshenziswa ezimotweni ezizishayelayo ukusiza imoto ukuthi iqonde indawo ekuyo futhi zisabele ngendlela efanele. Ukuqashelwa kobuso nobuchwepheshe be-biometric kusiza izimoto ezizishayelayo ekuboneni nasekuvikeleni abantu ngabanye. Lezi zimoto zingakwazi ukufunda futhi zijwayelane namaphethini wethrafikhi, izimpawu, nezinye izici.
- Izinsizakalo zokusakaza - Izinsizakalo ezihlinzeka ngevidiyo uma idingeka. Uma uzinzile ukuze ubuke uhlelo lwakho lwe-TV oluthandayo noma ulalele umculo owuthandayo, unganikezwa imibono eyengeziwe oyithola ihlaba umxhwele. Leyo yi-AI emsebenzini! Ifunda ngezintshisekelo zakho futhi isebenzisa ama-algorithm ukucubungula lonke uchungechunge lwe-TV, amamuvi, nomculo enawo futhi ibheka amathrendi ukuze inikeze izincomo kuwe.
- Ukuthenga oku-intanethi - Ama-algorithms asetshenziswa amasistimu okuthenga ku-inthanethi ukuze ufunde kabanzi mayelana nezinto ozithandayo kanye nokubikezela ukuthi yini ongathanda ukuyithenga. Bangakwazi-ke ukubeka lezo zimpahla phambi kwakho, okubavumela ukuthi babambe ukunaka kwakho ngokushesha. Ama-algorithms we-Amazon nezinye izinkampani ahlala efunda okwengeziwe ngawe nokuthi yini ongayithenga.
- Ukunakekela impilo - I-AI idlala indima ebalulekile kubuchwepheshe bokunakekelwa kwezempilo, ngobuchwepheshe obusha obusetshenziselwa ukuxilonga, ukukhiqiza izidakamizwa, ukuqapha iziguli, nokuningi. Njengoba busetshenziswa, ubuchwepheshe bungafunda futhi buguquke, bufunde okwengeziwe ngesiguli noma ngokwelashwa kanye nokuzivumelanisa nezimo ukuze zibe ngcono futhi zithuthuke ngokuhamba kwesikhathi.
Ikusasa le-AI
Izinhlelo ze-AI sezivele zinethonya endleleni esiphila ngayo, futhi ikusasa livulekile ngokuphathelene nokuthi zizosithinta kanjani.
Ubuchwepheshe obunamandla e-AI cishe buzoqhubeka nokukhuphula ukusebenza kahle nokukhiqiza ngenkathi bukhula bube yizimboni ezintsha ngaso sonke isikhathi.
Ochwepheshe babikezela ukuthi njengoba i-AI iqhubeka, kuzoba nezingxoxo eziningi mayelana nobumfihlo, ukuphepha, nokuqhubeka nokuthuthukiswa kwesofthiwe ukusiza ukugcina abantu nezinhlangano zivikelekile.
Nakuba abantu abaningi besaba ukuthi amarobhothi ngelinye ilanga azowashintsha, izimboni ezithile azikwazi ukumelana ne-automation.
Abasebenzi be-IT kuzodingeka bafunde ubuchwepheshe obusha nezinqubo zokuphepha ukuze i-AI isebenze.
Ochwepheshe bezempilo nothisha ngeke bakwazi ukushintshwa amarobhothi ngoba umsebenzi abawenza ngokuqondile neziguli nezingane uhlukile.
Imisebenzi ethile yezohwebo ingenziwa ngokuzenzakalelayo, kodwa ukuqondisisa komuntu, ukwenza izinqumo, kanye nokuxhumana kuzohlala kubalulekile.
I-Artificial intelligence isetshenziswa ezinhlobonhlobo zezinhlelo zokusebenza, kusukela ezintweni zasendlini kuye ku-cybersecurity. Ubuhlakani bokwenziwa bungatholakala nxazonke zethu ezinhlobonhlobo zezinhlelo zokusebenza.
Njengamanje, ubuhlakani bokwenziwa buqeda izinto abantu ababekade bezifeza. Kwehlisa ukuzibandakanya kwabantu emisebenzini esezingeni eliphansi, kuvumela abantu ukuthi basebenze kwebaluleke kakhulu.
Lokhu kudinga ubuhlakani bomuntu obuthuthukisiwe kanye nendlela yomuntu yokwenza. Ukuze uthuthukise ulwazi lwakho kumawebhusayithi awo, amabhizinisi asebenzisa ubuchwepheshe obuningi bobuhlakani bokwenziwa ngamafomethi ahlukahlukene.
Izinhlelo zokusebenza ezisebenza ngobuhlakani bokwenziwa zisize amabhizinisi amaningi e-E-Commerce akhuphule amaholo futhi athuthukise ulwazi lwamakhasimende.
Isiphetho
Ubuhlakani bokwenziwa bungatholakala ezinhlelweni ezihlukahlukene ezisizungezile.
Isidingo sebhizinisi se-Artificial Intelligence siyanda.
Nsuku zonke, sihlangabezana nokusetshenziswa okuningana kobuhlakani bokwenziwa ekuphileni kwethu kwansuku zonke. Lobu buchwepheshe obusezingeni eliphezulu bungatholakala kuzo zonke izingxenye zeplanethi yethu.
Wonke amasu ebhizinisi, kusukela ezinsizeni zekhebhu kuya ezinsizeni zokulethwa kuya ezinkundleni zokuxhumana zokumaketha nezokuzijabulisa, ahlanganisa ubuhlakani bokwenziwa.
shiya impendulo