Cishe sisekuqaleni kwenguquko entsha ekhiqizayo ye-AI.
Ubuhlakani bokwenziwa bokukhiqiza bubhekisela kuma-algorithms namamodeli akwazi ukudala okuqukethwe. Okukhiphayo kwamamodeli anjalo kufaka phakathi umbhalo, umsindo, nezithombe ezingahle zenziwe iphutha njengokuphuma komuntu kwangempela.
Izicelo ezinjenge I-ChatGPT baye babonisa ukuthi i-AI yokukhiqiza akuyona nje into entsha. I-AI manje isiyakwazi ukulandela imiyalelo enemininingwane futhi ibonakala inokuqonda okujulile kokuthi umhlaba usebenza kanjani.
Kodwa safika kanjani kuleli qophelo? Kulo mhlahlandlela, sizodlula kokunye okubalulekile ocwaningweni lwe-AI okuvule indlela yalolu guquko olusha noluthokozisayo olukhiqizayo lwe-AI.
Ukunyuka Kwezinethiwekhi Ze-Neural
Ungakwazi ukulandelela umsuka we-AI yesimanje ocwaningweni olumayelana ukufunda okujulile namanethiwekhi we-neural e 2012.
Ngalowo nyaka, u-Alex Krizhevsky nethimba lakhe abavela eNyuvesi yaseToronto bakwazi ukufeza i-algorithm enembe kakhulu engakwazi ukuhlukanisa izinto.
The inethiwekhi ye-neural esezingeni eliphezulu, manje eyaziwa ngokuthi i-AlexNet, ikwazile ukuhlukanisa izinto kusizindalwazi esibukwayo se-ImageNet ngezinga lephutha eliphansi kakhulu kunelo eliphume isibili.
Ama-Neural amanethiwekhi ama-algorithms asebenzisa inethiwekhi yemisebenzi yezibalo ukuze afunde ukuziphatha okuthile okususelwe kudatha ethile yokuqeqeshwa. Isibonelo, ungaphakela idatha yezokwelapha yenethiwekhi ye-neural ukuze uqeqeshe imodeli ukuxilonga isifo esinjengomdlavuza.
Ithemba ukuthi inethiwekhi ye-neural ithola kancane amaphethini kudatha futhi iba nembe kakhulu lapho inikezwa idatha yenoveli.
I-AlexNet kwaba uhlelo lokusebenza oluyimpumelelo lwe- inethiwekhi ye-convolutional neural noma ama-CNN. Igama elingukhiye elithi "convolutional" libhekisela ekwengezweni kwezingqimba ze-convolutional ezibeka ukugcizelela kakhulu kudatha esondelene ndawonye.
Ngenkathi ama-CNN ayesevele ewumbono ngeminyaka yawo-1980, aqala ukuduma ekuqaleni kwawo-2010 lapho ubuchwepheshe bakamuva be-GPU buphusha ubuchwepheshe bufinyelela phezulu.
Impumelelo yama-CNNs emkhakheni we umbono wekhompyutha kuholele ekubeni nentshisekelo eyengeziwe ocwaningweni lwamanethiwekhi e-neural.
Iziqhwaga zezobuchwepheshe ezifana ne-Google ne-Facebook zinqume ukukhulula izinhlaka zazo ze-AI emphakathini. Ama-API asezingeni eliphezulu njenge UKeras inikeze abasebenzisi isixhumi esibonakalayo esisebenziseka kalula ukuze bahlole amanethiwekhi ajulile we-neural.
Ama-CNN abemahle ekubonweni kwesithombe nasekuhlaziyweni kwevidiyo kodwa abenenkinga uma kuziwa ekuxazululeni izinkinga ezisekelwe olimini. Lo mkhawulo ekucutshungulweni kolimi lwemvelo ungaba khona ngenxa yokuthi izithombe nombhalo empeleni kuyizinkinga ezihluke kanjani.
Isibonelo, uma unemodeli ehlukanisa ukuthi isithombe siqukethe irobhothi, irobhothi okukhulunywa ngalo lingavela noma yikuphi esithombeni. Nokho, lolu hlobo lobubele alusebenzi kahle olimini. Umusho othi “uBob wadla inhlanzi” kanye “noFish wadla uBob” anezincazelo ezihluke kakhulu naphezu kokusebenzisa amagama afanayo.
Sekucacile ukuthi abacwaningi kudingeka bathole indlela entsha yokuxazulula izinkinga ezihlanganisa ulimi lwesintu.
Ama-transformer ashintsha yonke into
Ku-2017, a ucwaningo iphepha enesihloko esithi “Ukunakwa Yikho Konke Okudingayo” iphakamise uhlobo olusha lwenethiwekhi: i-Transformer.
Ngenkathi ama-CNN esebenza ngokuhlunga ngokuphindaphindiwe izingxenye ezincane zesithombe, ama-transformer axhuma yonke into kudatha nayo yonke enye into. Abacwaningi babiza le nqubo ngokuthi "ukuzinaka".
Uma uzama ukuncozulula imisho, ama-CNN nama-transformer asebenza ngendlela ehluke kakhulu. Ngenkathi i-CNN izogxila ekwakheni ukuxhumana namagama asondelene, isiguquli sizodala ukuxhumana phakathi kwegama ngalinye nelinye nelinye emushweni.
Inqubo yokuzinaka iyingxenye ebalulekile yokuqonda ulimi lwabantu. Ngokuhlehlisa isithombe nokubheka ukuthi umusho wonke uhlangana kanjani, imishini ingaba nokuqonda okucacile kwesakhiwo somusho.
Lapho kukhishwa amamodeli okuqala e-transformer, ngokushesha abacwaningi basebenzisa isakhiwo esisha ukuze basebenzise inani elimangalisayo ledatha yombhalo etholakala ku-inthanethi.
I-GPT-3 kanye ne-inthanethi
Ngo-2020, i-OpenAI's GPT-3 imodeli ibonise ukuthi ama-transformer angasebenza kanjani. I-GPT-3 ikwazile ukukhipha umbhalo ocishe ungabonakali kumuntu. Ingxenye yalokho okwenza i-GPT-3 yaba namandla kakhulu inani ledatha yokuqeqeshwa esetshenzisiwe. Iningi ledathasethi yokuqeqeshwa kwangaphambili yemodeli livela kudathasethi eyaziwa ngokuthi i-Common Crawl eza namathokheni angaphezu kwezigidigidi ezingama-400.
Nakuba ikhono le-GPT-3 lokukhiqiza umbhalo womuntu ongokoqobo laligqame lilodwa, abacwaningi bathola ukuthi imodeli efanayo ingayixazulula kanjani eminye imisebenzi.
Isibonelo, imodeli efanayo ye-GPT-3 ongayisebenzisa ukuze ukhiqize i-tweet ingakusiza futhi ukuthi ufingqe umbhalo, ubhale kabusha isigaba, futhi uqedele indaba. Amamodeli olimi sezinamandla kangangokuba manje sezingamathuluzi enhloso ejwayelekile alandela noma yiluphi uhlobo lomyalo.
Imvelo yenhloso evamile ye-GPT-3 ivumele izinhlelo zokusebenza ezinjalo I-GitHub Copilot, okuvumela abahleli ukuthi benze ikhodi yokusebenza ngesiNgisi esilula.
Amamodeli Okusabalalisa: Ukusuka Kumbhalo kuya Ezithombeni
Inqubekelaphambili eyenziwe ngama-transformers kanye ne-NLP iphinde yavula indlela yokukhiqiza i-AI kweminye imikhakha.
Emkhakheni wombono wekhompuyutha, sesivele simboze ukuthi ukufunda okujulile kuvumela kanjani imishini ukuqonda izithombe. Kodwa-ke, besisadinga ukuthola indlela yokuthi i-AI izenzele izithombe ngokwazo kunokuzihlukanisa nje.
Amamodeli ezithombe ezikhiqizayo afana ne-DALL-E 2, i-Stable Diffusion, ne-Midjourney asedumile ngenxa yokuthi akwazi kanjani ukuguqula okokufaka kombhalo kube izithombe.
Lawa mamodeli ezithombe ancike ezicini ezimbili ezibalulekile: imodeli eqonda ubudlelwano phakathi kwezithombe nombhalo kanye nemodeli engakha isithombe esinencazelo ephezulu efana nokokufaka.
I-OpenAI's CLIP (Contrastive Language–Image Pre-training) imodeli yomthombo ovulekile ehlose ukuxazulula isici sokuqala. Uma kubhekwa isithombe, imodeli ye-CLIP ingabikezela incazelo yombhalo ehlobene kakhulu yaleso sithombe.
Imodeli ye-CLIP isebenza ngokufunda indlela yokukhipha izici ezibalulekile zesithombe bese udala ukumelelwa okulula kwesithombe.
Uma abasebenzisi bahlinzeka ngesampula yokufaka umbhalo ku-DALL-E 2, okokufaka kuguqulwa kube “ukushumeka kwesithombe” kusetshenziswa imodeli ye-CLIP. Umgomo manje uwukuthola indlela yokukhiqiza isithombe esifana nokushumeka kwesithombe esikhiqiziwe.
Isithombe sakamuva sokukhiqiza ama-AI asebenzisa i-a imodeli yokusabalalisa ukubhekana nomsebenzi wokudala isithombe ngempela. Amamodeli okusabalalisa ancike kumanethiwekhi e-neural aye aqeqeshelwa ngaphambili ukwazi ukuthi awususa kanjani umsindo owengeziwe ezithombeni.
Phakathi nale nqubo yokuqeqeshwa, inethiwekhi ye-neural ingagcina ifunde indlela yokudala isithombe sokucaca okuphezulu kusuka kusithombe somsindo esingahleliwe. Njengoba sesivele sinemephu yombhalo nezithombe ezinikezwe yi-CLIP, singakwazi qeqesha imodeli yokusabalalisa ekushumekeni kwesithombe se-CLIP ukuze udale inqubo yokwenza noma yisiphi isithombe.
I-Generative AI Revolution: Yini ezayo ngokulandelayo?
Manje siseqophelweni lapho impumelelo ekukhiqizeni i-AI kwenzeka njalo ezinsukwini ezimbalwa. Njengoba kuba lula futhi kulula ukukhiqiza izinhlobo ezahlukene zemidiya usebenzisa i-AI, ingabe kufanele sikhathazeke ngokuthi lokhu kungawuthinta kanjani umphakathi wethu?
Nakuba izinkathazo zemishini eshintsha abasebenzi bezilokhu zisengxoxweni kusukela kwasungulwa injini yesitimu, kubonakala sengathi ihluke kancane kulokhu.
I-Generative AI isiba yithuluzi lemisebenzi eminingi elingase liphazamise izimboni ezithathwe njengeziphephile ekuthathweni kwe-AI.
Ngabe sizobadinga abahleli bezinhlelo uma i-AI ingaqala ukubhala ikhodi engenasici kusuka emiyalweni embalwa eyisisekelo? Ingabe abantu bazoqasha abasunguli uma bengavele basebenzise imodeli ekhiqizayo ukuze bakhiqize okukhiphayo abakufunayo ngemali ephansi?
Kunzima ukubikezela ikusasa le-generative AI revolution. Kodwa manje njengoba ibhokisi likaPandora elingokomfanekiso selivuliwe, ngithemba ukuthi ubuchwepheshe buzovumela izinto ezintsha ezijabulisayo ezingashiya umthelela omuhle emhlabeni.
shiya impendulo