Okuqukethwe[Fihla][Bonisa]
Ingabe uyazivocavoca ukuze uhlale ufanelekile, noma mhlawumbe ungumthandi wekhilikithi noma ibhola lezinyawo? Abanye bathanda ukubukela imidlalo nabangani.
Abanye abantu babamba iqhaza kwezemidlalo ukuze babe nempilo futhi banake. Ngokungangabazeki ezemidlalo ziyingxenye ebalulekile yokuphila kwethu, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi izithakazelo zethu noma indlela yokuphila.
Ezemidlalo, njengazo zonke ezinye izici ezibalulekile zokuphila kwethu kwansuku zonke kanye nomnotho womhlaba, zithinteka ngokungagwemeki ngenxa yentuthuko yezobuchwepheshe.
Namuhla, ngo-2022, izimoto ze-F1 ezihlome ngenzwa kanye nezibalo zebhola lezinyawo zesikhathi sangempela akuzona izinto ezithandwa yifuturistic tech.
Eqinisweni, intuthuko iya phambili kakhulu: amabhizinisi athuthuke kakhulu asevele asebenzise umbono wekhompyutha futhi ukuhlakanipha okungekhona okwangempela kwezemidlalo ukuhlangabezana nezinkinga ezihlukahlukene.
Akubuzwa ukuthi ubuhlakani bokwenziwa nokufunda kwemishini kuzoqhubeka nokuqhubekisela phambili lesi sinqumo uma kubhekwa ithonya elibalulekile ubuchwepheshe obube nalo kwezemidlalo.
Lesi sihloko sizogxila ekusetshenzisweni kombono wekhompyutha kwezemidlalo, okuhlanganisa izinhlelo ezingokoqobo, izinzuzo, nokunye okuningi.
Sizoqala ngokwethula umbono wekhompyutha.
Ngakho, yini i-computer vision?
Umkhakha wobuhlakani bokwenziwa nokufunda komshini owaziwa ngokuthi "i-computer vision" (i-CV) ihlose ukuthuthukisa amasu okufundisa amakhompiyutha ukuthi aqondisisa futhi aqondisise okuqukethwe yizithombe.
Ukuze ubone futhi uhlukanise izinto endaweni ebonakalayo eguquguqukayo neshintshayo, umbono wekhompyutha usebenzisa ukufunda okujulile amamodeli okulingisa enye inkimbinkimbi yezinhlelo zokubona komuntu kanye nokubona okubonakalayo.
Ikhompyutha yenza umzamo wokulingisa indlela umuntu abona ngayo indawo ebonwayo.
Nokho, ngokungafani nabantu, amakhompuyutha anamandla okugcina amanani amakhulu edatha futhi ayicubungule ngokushesha, okusinikeza amandla okunikeza imisebenzi eminingi kubuchwepheshe obusezingeni eliphezulu kakhulu.
Namuhla, intuthuko kwezobuchwepheshe be-smartphone, social media, kanye nokusetshenziswa kwazo kabanzi ngezigidigidi zabantu - izithombe ezingaphezu kwezigidigidi ezingu-3 zithunyelwa ku-inthanethi nsuku zonke - zenza idatha ebonakalayo eyengeziwe kunangaphambili.
Kanye nokwenyuka kokufinyelela emandleni amakhulu ekhompuyutha kanye nentuthuko ekufundeni okujulile kanye nama-algorithms enethiwekhi ye-neural (isb, ukusungulwa kwamanethiwekhi e-convolutional neural), ukutholakala kwamanani amakhulu kangaka ezithombe kunikeze amakhompyutha amathuba abalulekile okufunda amaphethini nezici zalezi zithombe. izithombe futhi uthuthukise izilinganiso zokunemba ze ukutholwa kwento kanye nezigaba.
Ngenxa yalokho, amasistimu okubona ngekhompyutha azuze amazinga okunemba angu-99 % ezinhlelweni zawo eziningi, edlula ukunemba kombono womuntu ekutholeni okuthile, ukuhlukanisa ngezigaba, kanye nemisebenzi yokuphendula.
Umbono wekhompyutha Kwezemidlalo: Izibonelo Zomhlaba Wangempela
1. Ukulandelela Umdlali
Ukulandelela umdlali kungenye yezinjongo eziyinhloko lapho usebenzisa umbono wekhompyutha kwezemidlalo. Ukuze wenze lokhu, kuyadingeka ukukhomba indawo yomdlali ngamunye nganoma yisiphi isikhathi.
Abaqeqeshi bangahlaziya ngokushesha ukuthi umdlali ngamunye uhamba kanjani enkundleni kanye nesakhiwo seqembu labo ngenxa yokulandelela abadlali, okuyingxenye ebalulekile ekusizeni amaqembu enze kangcono.
Tiningi lezinhlelo zokusebenza zokubona kwekhompyutha ezisezingeni eliphezulu kwezemidlalo namuhla zisebenzisa ama-algorithms wokuhlukanisa okuzenzakalelayo ukukhomba izindawo okungenzeka ukuthi ngezabasubathi.
Ngokusebenzisa ukufunda imishini nezindlela zokumbiwa kwedatha kudatha yokulandelela umdlali engacutshunguliwe, okuphumayo kwesistimu yombono wekhompyutha kungathuthukiswa.
Ulwazi lwe-semantic lungakhiwa uma izingxenye ezibalulekile esithombeni noma kuhlaka lwevidiyo sezihlonziwe ukuze kubekwe izinto abahlanganyeli abazenzayo ngendlela efanele (okungukuthi ukuphatha ibhola, ukudlula, ukugijima, ukuvikela, nokunye).
Lezi zindlela zingasetshenziswa ukuhlukanisa izenzakalo ze-semantic, njengokuthi "iphasi elilodwa-abili" ebholeni likanobhutshuzwayo, kanye nokwenza ukuhlaziya okubanzi kwezibalo zokusebenza kwabadlali ngabanye namaqembu.
Ukuze kuvunyelwe abaqeqeshi ukuthi baqhathanise ukubekwa komdlali okulungile nokuma kwangempela komdlali ngesikhathi sokudlala okuthile, iziphakamiso zingenziwa futhi ezindaweni ezihamba phambili zabadlali enkundleni.
Izinketho eziningi ezilethwe yilobu buchwepheshe bokulandelela abadlali zinamandla okushintsha ngokuphelele ukuthi abasubathi bazilungiselela futhi bahlolwe kanjani.
2. Ukuvimbela ukulimala
Ukuze kubhekwane nesidingo esikhulayo sokuhlanganisa ingqondo kanye nokuphila kahle lapho bebhekene nebanga lokuxhumana nabantu, abantu abaningi baphendukela ezifundweni eziku-inthanethi.
Ukuze ufunde ukuthi ungazivocavoca kanjani ngokuphepha futhi uvimbele ukulimala, kubalulekile ukuzama amakilasi ambalwa afundiswa umfundisi onokuhlangenwe nakho, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi usendaweni yangasese noma yeqembu.
Isibonelo, kokubili i-pilates ne-yoga kulula ngokwanele ukwenza ekhaya. Nokho, ikakhulukazi kwabasaqalayo, kubalulekile ukuzama amakilasi ambalwa. Ukubona ngekhompyutha, ikakhulukazi ukulinganisa kokuma, kuyangena kulesi simo.
Ukulinganisa kokuma kuwumsebenzi wokubona ngekhompyutha okuhloswe ngawo ukubikezela nokuqapha indawo yomuntu noma into, kanye nezinhlelo zokusebenza ezisuselwe kusilinganiso se-3D pose seziyatholakala ukuze zisize abaqeqeshi bokufaneleka kwabantu.
Lobu buchwepheshe buhlola zonke izenzo zomsebenzisi futhi bubanikeze impendulo yesikhathi sangempela esebenzisa ingcebo yedatha yokulandelela ukunyakaza.
Ukuthola impendulo yesikhathi sangempela nokugwema ukulimala kokujima kuyizinzuzo ezimbili zokusebenza ndawonye nomqeqeshi obonakalayo.
3. Ukulandelela ibhola
Ukuze uthole ulwazi oluthe xaxa emidlalweni esekelwe ebholeni, ikakhulukazi imidlalo yerakhethi noma ye-bat-and-ball efana nethenisi, ikhilikithi, i-badminton, neminye, ukulandelela ukunyakaza kwebhola kubalulekile.
Amamodeli okubona ngekhompyutha angakhombisa indawo eqondile ibhola elishayeka phansi, aqophe ukunyakaza kwebhola ngama-dimens amathathu, futhi abikezele umkhondo webhola ukuhlola ukuthi ngabe lishaye iwikhethi yini.
Ngamanye amagama, amasistimu okulandelela ibhola aqhutshwa umbono wekhompyutha asiza ngalokhu:
- Ukutholwa kwamabhola
- Ukulandela umkhondo
- Isibikezelo somphumela wegeyimu
Lolu hlobo lokulandelela ibhola luyinselele kakhulu emidlalweni efana ne-basketball, volleyball, nebhola likanobhutshuzwayo ngoba ibhola lingakwazi ukufihlwa ngemuva kwabadlali. Okunye, ukushintshana kwabadlali ngebhola kungenzeka ngokushesha futhi ngaphandle kwesixwayiso.
4. Ukuthuthukiswa Kwesinqumo Sonompempe
Kube nezibonelo ezingenakubalwa zokukopela okusobala nezinqumo zonompempe ezingalungile kuwo wonke umlando wezemidlalo. Ngokuhamba kweminyaka, ubuchwepheshe bungene kwezemidlalo, busiza ukwehlisa isibalo samaphutha enziwa onompempe.
Ngokwethulwa kobuchwepheshe obufana ne-Video Assistant Referee (VAR), Goal-Line Technology (GLT), Hawk-eye, Decision Review System (DRS), kanye ne-Hawk-eye kuthenisi nekhilikithi, izinqumo zikanompempe noma zikanompempe manje zingabuyekezwa futhi. , uma kungalungile, kugumbuqelwe.
Izikhulu zezemidlalo zesikhathi esizayo zizokwenza amaphutha amancane kakhulu ngenxa yokusetshenziswa okukhulayo kwe-AI nombono wekhompyutha.
5. Beka isilinganiso kuhlelo lokusebenza lweselula
Ukusebenzisa ubuchwepheshe obusezingeni eliphezulu kuzogqugquzela abantu ukuthi basebenzise uhlelo lwakho njalo.
Kukangaki uhlangana nezinhlelo zokusebenza ezisebenzisa amavidiyo ukukhombisa ukuthi kwenziwa kanjani ukujima ngendlela efanele?
Cishe muva nje njalo njalo. Futhi cabanga ukwakha imodeli yombono wekhompuyutha esetha ngokuzenzakalelayo indawo efanele, elandelela izindlela ezenziwe, futhi enikeza amathiphu okuthi ungakuthuthukisa kanjani ukujima kwakho. ukuma okuhle komqeqeshi wangempela.
Ngalolu hlobo lwesicelo, ukuqeqeshwa kuhlala kufinyeleleka; okudingayo nje ikhamera esandleni. Thuthukisa indawo yakho yobuchwepheshe ngokwengeza ukuma kwakho namasu ukuze ugqame emakethe yakho ngaphandle kokukhokhela othisha abangabantu.
Lobu buchwepheshe busiza kakhulu ekucijeni okukhethekile kwakho, okungaba ukuma okuthile noma ukunyakaza. Awudingi ukukhokhela abaqeqeshi abangochwepheshe abengeziwe ukuze bafundise izinhlelo zakho.
6. Ubuntatheli kanye nokuqukethwe kwezemidlalo
Ungakhiqiza okuqukethwe okuthakazelisayo ngokuhlanganisa ubuhlakani bokwenziwa kanye nobuchwepheshe bokubona bekhompyutha.
Ikhamera izosondela ngokuzenzakalela kusikhathi esithakazelisa kakhulu lapho imodeli ihlaziya imicimbi, efana nomgomo.
Cabanga nje uma udinga ukumisa amakhamera ambalwa akwazi ukugxila ngobuhlakani nangokuzenzakalelayo ezingxenyeni ezibaluleke kakhulu zomdlalo kunokuba ukhokhe inani elikhulu lezintatheli bese ulinda ukukhiqizwa kwangemuva kokushicilela ukuze kushicilelwe imicimbi yezemidlalo.
7. Isimo sabalandeli
Ububanzi bezinhlelo zokusebenza zombono wekhompyutha buyamangaza. Ukujabulela komuntu ukubuka okuthile ngaphambili kwakungase kukalwe ngokuhlolwa okwakuhilela ukunamathiselwa kwezintambo ezikhethekile ukuze kutholwe amathonya.
Akusadingeki ukuthi sivale zonke izibukeli elabhorethri ngenxa yobuchwepheshe bokubona ngekhompyutha. Thola ukuhlolwa okuphelele kokwaneliseka kwababukeli bamafilimu.
Imizwa eminingi ehlukene, njengenjabulo, isithukuthezi, injabulo, ukudumala, njll., ingahlukaniswa ngamamodeli ombono wekhompyutha.
Izinselele
Umbono wekhompyutha yezemidlalo ngokuyinhloko uncike ezinhlelweni zamakhamera ukuze uthwebule bese uhlaziya izithombe zezemidlalo. Ngokuvamile, inani lamakhamera amiswe endaweni yesehlakalo, njengezitendi phakathi nomcimbi wezemidlalo noma izinhlangothi zenkundla yokuzilolonga.
Ngisho nangaphakathi komdlalo owodwa, i-engeli, indawo, izingxenyekazi zekhompuyutha, nezinye izilungiselelo zokudubula ziyahlukahluka kakhulu kwezemidlalo.
Izinhlelo zokubona ngekhompyutha kumele futhi zivumelane nezimo ezithile nezindlela zokuthwebula amafilimu, okuveza inkinga. Ubunzima obengeziwe buhlanganisa:
- Izinhlangano eziningi zezemidlalo nezigaba zokuhlaziya ukusebenza azinazo izinto ezithuthukisiwe zevidiyo.
- Izinguquko ezivamile ze-pan, ukutsheka, nokusondeza ezenziwa amakhamera asakazwayo zenza kube nzima kakhulu kumasistimu okucubungula amavidiyo ombono wekhompyutha ukuze avumelane nedatha eshintsha njalo abayitholayo.
- Kungase kube nzima kumasistimu okucubungula amavidiyo ekhompyutha ukuhlukanisa phakathi kwezinto ezingemuva, abadlali, nezinto, abadlali abagqoke imvunulo efanayo, nezinye izimo.
Ngokwezinga elithile, ukubona ngekhompyutha kuye kwawaxazulula la maphutha. Isibonelo, ukucutshungulwa kwesithombe kuvumele amakhompyutha ukuthi ahlukanise phakathi komhlaba, abadlali, nezinye izinto ezingaphambili.
Uma kungenjalo, ama-algorithms okuhlukanisa asekelwe kumbala enza kube nokwenzeka ukubona ibhola, ukuqapha abadlali abanyakazayo, futhi kutholwe indawo ye-pitch ngombala wotshani, obuluhlaza.
Isiphetho
Ukufingqa, umbono wekhompyutha umkhakha wezobuchwepheshe othandwa kakhulu, futhi ukuthandwa kwawo kukhula kuphela. Lona umbono omusha wokucutshungulwa kwedatha nendlela obonakala ngayo; ekugcineni siqeqeshe amakhompiyutha ukuze sibone.
Imisebenzi evame kakhulu yombono wekhompuyutha kwezemidlalo ukulandelela umdlali nebhola, isilinganiso sokuma sokuvikela ukulimala, ukuhlukaniswa kwezigaba zokuhlukanisa ingemuva kubadlali, nokunye.
Nsuku zonke, sikhiqiza inani elikhulu ledatha esingase silisebenzise ngempumelelo amamodeli wesitimela, ezobe isisebenza njengosizo olunikeza ithemba ekubhekaneni nobunzima bebhizinisi.
shiya impendulo