Njengoba isayensi yedatha imayelana nokubhekana nezinkinga zangempela, kunengqondo ukuthi amanye amakhono ayimpahla ewusizo kusethi yawo yamathuluzi eshintshashintsha njalo.
Noma yimuphi usosayensi wedatha kufanele agxile ekucabangeni kwekhompyutha njengengxenye yemfundo yakhe, ngoba ifundisa imibono eyisisekelo yesayensi yekhompiyutha nendlela yokubhekana nezinkinga eziyinkimbinkimbi ngokukhipha nokususa.
Ukucabanga ngekhompyutha kuyikhono elibalulekile enkathini yobuchwepheshe be-digital-first, hhayi nje kososayensi abasafufusa bedatha, kodwa lawo wonke umuntu ofuna ukuba nengxenye emhlabeni wokubala.
Ukuze ulungele ukuvela kwemakethe yezabasebenzi kanye nekusasa lomsebenzi, elizololongwa yi-automation egcwele, ukuhlakanipha okungekhona okwangempela, nokufunda komshini, kubalulekile ukugcizelela amakhono okucabanga okuhlanganisa njengengxenye eyinhloko yemfundo nokuthuthukiswa kochwepheshe.
Kulesi sihloko, sizobheka ukucabanga kwekhompyutha ngokuningiliziwe, sihlanganisa izakhi zakho, inani, nokunye okuningi.
Ngakho-ke, kuyini ukucabanga kweComputational?
Ukucabanga ngekhompyutha, okubuye kwaziwe njengokucabanga kwe-algorithmic, kuyindlela ye-methodical yokubhekana nenkinga eyinkimbinkimbi ngokuyihlukanisa ibe yizinqubo ezincane, ezilula ezingenziwa ikhompuyutha noma umshini.
Kubalulekile ukuxazulula inkinga ngendlela yokuthi ikhompuyutha ikwazi ukwenza inqubo njengoba isho ukuthi impendulo ingasetshenziswa ezinkingeni ezifanayo kwezinye izimo.
Ukucabanga ngekhompyutha kuhlanganisa ukuba nesimo sengqondo esishesha, esisha, nesiguquguqukayo ukuze kusetshenzwe izinselele nezisombululo ezingaba khona ngendlela ephumelelayo ngangokunokwenzeka, kanye nokusebenzisa ngempumelelo nokuhlaziya idatha.
Igama elithi “computational thinking” livela endleleni ososayensi bamakhompiyutha abacabanga ngayo, kodwa manje sekubonakala njengendlela yokucabanga ukuthi noma ubani angayisebenzisa ukuze axazulule izinkinga ezimpilweni zakhe zomuntu siqu noma zomsebenzi.
Ngakho-ke, umgomo awukona ukusebenzisa ukucabanga okufana nokomshini, kodwa kunalokho ukwakha amasu okuxazulula izinkinga ngokuvamile ososayensi bamakhompyutha abawasebenzisayo.
Ukucabanga ngekhompyutha kuyithuluzi elibalulekile lososayensi bedatha njengoba kungasetshenziswa ukubhekana nezinselelo eziningi zomthamo kanye nedatha.
Le ndlela ingasetshenziswa ukuxazulula izinkinga emikhakheni eyahlukene, okuhlanganisa izibalo kanye nobuhlakani bokwenziwa. Le ndlela iphinde isebenzise ulimi lohlelo lwePython, olusetshenziselwa ukumela impendulo kukhompuyutha ngesikhathi sesinyathelo sokuhlaziya izibalo.
Kungani i-Computational Thinking ibalulekile?
Lezi zindlela zokuxazulula izinkinga zingasetshenziswa ezinhlobonhlobo zezihloko kusetshenziswa ukucabanga ngekhompyutha. Ukwengeza, kunamakhono ukucabanga okuhlanganisiwe okwabelana ngawo nalawo asetshenziswa kweminye imikhakha ye-STEM kanye nezobuciko, isayensi yezenhlalo, kanye nobuntu.
Ukusebenzisa amandla amakhompuyutha ngaphandle kwesikrini kanye nekhibhodi kukhuthazwa ukucabanga kwekhompyutha. Ukwengeza, kungasisiza sithuthukise ukulingana emfundweni yesayensi yekhompyutha.
Singakhuthaza ukuhlanganiswa kwesayensi yekhompiyutha nezinye izindawo zezifundo futhi sethule abafundi abaningi emandleni esayensi yekhompiyutha ngokugxila emakhonweni okuxazulula izinkinga asemnyombeni wayo.
Ukwengeza, ukucabanga ngekhompyutha kwenza sikwazi ukuphenya amandla nezingqinamba zobuchwepheshe ngenkathi kukhiqizwa.
Singahlola ukuthi ubani othuthukisa ubuchwepheshe nokuthi kungani, futhi singacabangela ngokujulile ukuthi bungawuthinta kanjani umphakathi.
Izingxenye Eziyinhloko Zokucabanga Kwekhompyutha
1. Ukubola
Ukubola kuyisici esiyisisekelo sokucabanga ngekhompyutha. Ukuze kube lula ukuxazulula inkinga, lesi sigaba sihlanganisa ukusehlukanisa sibe izingxenye ezincane.
Inkinga kulula ukuyilungisa uma ukwazi ukuyihlinza. Izingxenye zebhayisikili zingahlakazwa njengendlela ewusizo yokubola. Uhlaka lwebhayisikili, amasondo, izibambo, namagiya kungaqalwa kuhlakazwe.
Nokho, ungase uhlukanise ingxenye ngayinye ibe izingxenye zayo. Isibonelo, ubuhlakani bokwenziwa bungabuye buhlukaniswe ngokufunda ngomshini, ukufunda okujulile, ukubona ngekhompyutha, kanye nokucutshungulwa kolimi lwemvelo.
Lesi sinyathelo sikusiza futhi ukuthi wakhe ulwazi olujulile lwenkinga ngokukhomba zonke izingxenye ngokujula.
2. Ukuqashelwa Kwephethini
Esigabeni sesibili, esaziwa ngokuthi ukuqashelwa kwephethini, ukufana kwenkinga namathrendi kuyatholakala.
Kunethuba elinamandla lokuthi zingasingathwa kusetshenziswa izinqubo ezifanayo, noma eziphindelelayo uma ubunzima obuthile bufana ngokwemvelo—kokubili kule nkinga okubhekwana nayo manje naphakathi kwezinkinga zangaphambilini.
Lokhu kuyisici esibalulekile ekuthuthukiseni izixazululo ezisebenzayo futhi ekugcineni ukonge isikhathi.
Cabangela lesi simo esilandelayo: uyacelwa ukuthi uthuthukise uhlelo oluncane oludweba isikwele. Esikhundleni sokubhala umyalelo izikhathi ezine ngokulandelana, iphethini yokudweba umugqa nokuguqula ipeni 90 degrees ingaphinda iphindwe izikhathi ezine ku-loop.
Ukuqashelwa kwephethini kuyithalente elibalulekile lokuthuthukisa izixazululo eziphumelelayo nezisebenzayo ezindabeni.
3. Ukuzikhipha
Ukuhlonza izakhi ezibalulekile zesixazululo kwenziwa esinyathelweni sesithathu sokukhipha.
Kudinga amandla okuhlunga izingxenye ezingadingekile zendaba ukuze nje ugxile ezintweni ezibalulekile, esikhundleni sokubheka imininingwane eqondile.
Esinye isibonelo esihle kakhulu lapho udlala ezemidlalo, uzama ukugxila emasuni okufanele uwasebenzise, futhi awukunaki noma yikuphi ukugconwa kwabamelene nawe.
Ngaphambi kokwenza isisombululo sokugcina, ukufinyela kukwenza ukwazi ukunaka zonke izici ezibalulekile kuyilapho unganaki noma yiziphi izici ezingadingekile.
4. I-Algorithm Design
Ukwakhiwa kwesethi ephelele yemiyalelo yesinyathelo nesinyathelo echaza indlela yokuxazulula inkinga kwenzeka ngesikhathi se-Algorithm Design isigaba, isigaba sokugcina senqubo Yokucabanga Ngekhompyutha.
I-algorithm esebenzayo yileyo enganikezwa omunye umuntu futhi ilandelwe ngaphandle kwencazelo eyengeziwe.
Umhlaba ugcwele ama-algorithms, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi upheka iresiphi, uhlanganisa ifenisha yephakethe eliyisicaba, udla endaweni yokudlela edlula ushayela, noma ukhokhela igrosa yakho ekhawuntani yokuzisiza.
Ukulungisa iphutha kuyikhono elibalulekile lokukwazi kahle njengoba kuyinqubo eyengeziwe ebandakanyeka ekwakhiweni kwe-algorithm. Ukuhlonzwa nokulungiswa kwamaphutha e-algorithmic kubizwa ngokuthi ukulungisa iphutha.
Ukulungisa iphutha kuyikhono elidlulisekayo elingatholwa kulo lonke uhlelo lwezifundo ngokwenza nangokunikeza impendulo, njengezinye izingxenye zokucabanga kwekhompyutha. Singakwazi ukuqonda indawo esizungezile ngosizo lwama-algorithms.
Isiphetho
Ukufingqa, isizukulwane esilandelayo se ososayensi bemininingwane kufanele bathole amakhono azobenza bakwazi ukuzivumelanisa ngempumelelo nemakethe yomsebenzi ethuthukayo kanye nokuthuthukisa umnotho wedijithali.
Ososayensi bedatha yesikhathi esizayo bazothola ukucabanga okuhlanganyelwe kuyithuluzi eliwusizo njengoba beshintsha njalo izindawo zabo ukuze kuhlangatshezwane nokuthuthuka kobuchwepheshe kanye nokusebenzisana okwengeziwe phakathi kwabantu nemishini.
Ekugcineni, ukucabanga ngekhompyutha kubalulekile kuwo wonke umuntu emisebenzini yakhe yansuku zonke.
shiya impendulo