Imboni yamakhompiyutha igcwele ulimi oludidayo, i-jargon enokhahlo, nemibono eyinkimbinkimbi okunzima ukuyiqonda futhi engathumela ingqondo yakho esiphithiphithini sokubhafa kwekhompyutha.
Impophoma? Isikramu? Iyashesha?
Uma le misho ingaziwa ngokuphelele kuwe, ungakhathazeki; ithimba lakho eliwusizo le-HashDork tech geeks lilapha ukuze likusize uqonde umehluko phakathi kwalezi zigaba ezibalulekile zenqubo yentuthuko ukuze ube nolwazi.
Amasu ashesha, isikram, kanye nempophoma konke kuzombozwa kulokhu okuthunyelwe kwebhulogi, kanye nokuthi ngayinye ingasiza kanjani iqembu lakho lilonke.
Ake siqale ngeshesha, futhi sizokuthwala sihambisane nokunye.
Yini i-Agile?
Ukuthuthukiswa kwesoftware esheshayo kulandela indlela ephindaphindayo, ekhuphukayo. Esikhundleni sokulungiselela okubanzi ekuqaleni kwephrojekthi, amasu we-Agile avumelana nezimo ekushintsheni izidingo ngokuhamba kwesikhathi futhi akhuthaze impendulo eqhubekayo evela kubasebenzisi bokugcina.
Amaqembu ahlukahlukene asebenza ekuphindaphindweni kwemikhiqizo ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, futhi lo msebenzi uhlukaniswa ngokwesalela emuva futhi ubekwe phambili ngokusekelwe enanini lebhizinisi noma lekhasimende. Inhloso yokuphindaphinda ngakunye ukudala umkhiqizo osebenzisekayo.
Ubuholi bukhuthaza ukubambisana, umthwalo wemfanelo, kanye nokuxhumana ubuso nobuso ngezindlela ze-Agile.
Ababambiqhaza bebhizinisi nabathuthukisi kufanele babambisane ukuze baqinisekise ukuthi umkhiqizo uhlangabezana nezidingo zomthengi kanye nezinjongo zenkampani.
Inkulumo ethi “intuthuko eshesha ukushesha” isho izindlela nezinhlaka ezehlukene ezisekelwe emibonweni nasezimisweni ezivezwe encwadini. I-Agile Manifesto.
Ochwepheshe beluleka ukunamathela ezimisweni namagugu agugile futhi bawasebenzise njengomhlahlandlela wokunquma izenzo ezifanele okufanele zenziwe endaweni ethile ngenkathi kusondela ukuthuthukiswa kwesoftware.
Ithimba elisebenzisanayo nelizihlelayo yizona zindawo okugxilwe kuzo kakhulu emphakathini wokuthuthukiswa kwesoftware.
Amaqembu avunyelwe ukuzinqumela ukuthi azowusingatha kanjani umsebenzi othile, kodwa lokho akusho ukuthi abaphathi abekho. Ngakho-ke amaqembu e-Agile anemisebenzi ehlukahlukene.
Ku-paradigm esheshayo, abaphathi basadingeka. Baqinisekisa ukuthi wonke amalungu eqembu anamakhono noma athola amakhono adingekayo kuphrojekthi.
Abaphathi kuhlaka olushesha ukusebenza ngokukhuthaza isimo esiveza okuhle eqenjini. Kodwa kunokuba bahole, bavame ukuthatha isihlalo esingemuva futhi bavumele iqembu ukuthi linqume ukuthi lizoletha kanjani izinto.
Abaphathi babamba iqhaza kuphela lapho amaqembu ezama kaningi ukuxazulula izinkinga ngaphandle kwempumelelo.
I-Agile Development Cycle
Izigaba zomjikelezo wokuthuthukiswa kwe-Agile zibalwe ngezansi. Kubalulekile ukukhumbula ukuthi lezi zigaba akufanele zenzeke ngokulandelana ngoba ziyaguquguquka futhi zihlala zishintsha. Eziningi zalezi zigaba zenzeka kanyekanye.
- Kuhlela: Ngemva kokuthi ithimba lephrojekthi linqume ukuthi umbono uyasebenza futhi uyasebenza, liqala ukufuna izici. Lesi sigaba sihlose ukubeka phambili isici ngasinye futhi sinikeze ukuphindaphinda ngemva kokwehlukanisa umqondo ube izingcezu zokusebenza ezincane (izici).
- Ukuhlaziywa kwezidingo: Ukuze unqume izidingo zebhizinisi, lesi sinyathelo sihlanganisa izingxoxo ezimbalwa nabaphathi, ababambiqhaza, nabasebenzisi. Ubani ozosebenzisa umkhiqizo nokuthi bazowusebenzisa kanjani kuphakathi kwemininingwane iqembu okufanele liyiqoqe. Lawa mazinga kufanele acace, asebenze, futhi abe nomthamo.
- Design: Izidingo ezitholwe esigabeni sangaphambilini zisetshenziselwa ukulungisa isistimu nokwakhiwa kwesoftware. Ukucatshangelwa komkhiqizo noma ukubukeka kwesixazululo kufanele kwenziwe yiqembu. Isu noma icebo lokuhlola nalo lakhiwa ithimba lokuhlola.
- Ukuqaliswa, ukubhala amakhodi, noma ukuthuthukiswa: Ukugxila kwalesi sigaba kusekwakheni nasekuhlaziyeni izici nokuhlela ukuthunyelwa kokuphindaphindayo (kulandelwa indlela yokuthuthukisa ephindaphindayo nenyukayo [IID]). Ngenxa yokuthi azikho izici ezinikezwayo, ukuphindaphinda okungu-0 kwesikhathi sokuthuthukisa kuyaqala. Ngokuqedela imisebenzi efana nokwenza inkontileka, ukumisa izilungiselelo, nokuxhasa ngezimali, lokhu kuphindaphinda kunikeza isisekelo sokukhula kwesikhathi esizayo.
- Testing: Ngemva kokuthi ikhodi isidaliwe, ivivinywa ngokumelene nezidingo zokuqinisekisa ukuthi umkhiqizo uzanelisa ngempela izimfuno zabasebenzisi futhi uhlangabezana nezinjongo zebhizinisi. Iyunithi, ukuhlanganiswa, uhlelo, nokuhlolwa kokwamukelwa kwenziwa kulesi sigaba.
- Ukuthunyelwa: Ngemva kokuhlolwa, umkhiqizo uthunyelwa kumakhasimende ukuze akwazi ukuwusebenzisa. Nokho, iphrojekthi ayiqediwe ngemva kokuthunyelwa. Amakhasimende angahlangabezana nezinkinga ezengeziwe ngemva kokuqala ukusebenzisa umkhiqizo, okuzodinga ithimba lephrojekthi ukuze lithole isixazululo.
Izinzuzo
- Ukulethwa okusheshayo, kwekhwalithi ephezulu: Ngokuhlukanisa iphrojekthi ibe iziphindaphindo (amayunithi alawulekayo), ithimba liyakwazi ukugxila ekubambisaneni kwekhwalithi ephezulu, ukuthuthukiswa, nokuhlola. Uma ukuhlolwa kwenziwa ngokuphindaphinda ngakunye, izinkinga zitholwa futhi zilungiswe ngokushesha okukhulu. Ukwengeza, ngokubuyekezwa okuqhubekayo, okulandelayo, le software yekhwalithi ephezulu inganikezwa ngokushesha okukhulu.
- Ushintsho lwamukelekile: Nakuba imijikelezo yokuhlela imifushane, kulula ukwamukela nokwamukela izinguquko nganoma isiphi isikhathi kuphrojekthi. Ukusalela emuva kungahlala kuthuthukiswa futhi kubekwe phambili, okuvumela amaqembu ukuthi enze izinguquko kuphrojekthi emavikini ambalwa.
- Igoli lokugcina lingase lingaziwa: I-Agile inhle kakhulu kumaphrojekthi lapho umgomo wokugcina ungachazwanga ngokucacile. Njengoba iphrojekthi iqhubeka, izinjongo zizocaca, futhi intuthuko izokwazi ukubhekana kalula nalezi zidingo eziguqukayo.
- Ukuqhubeka okuqhubekayo: Izinhlelo ezisheshayo zikhuthaza okokufaka komsebenzisi nethimba kuzo zonke izigaba zephrojekthi, okuvumela ukusetshenziswa kwalokho okufundiwe ukuze kube ngcono ukuphindaphinda okulandelayo.
- Imibono yamakhasimende iyaziswa: Kunamathuba ambalwa okuthi amakhasimende abuke umsebenzi uqedwa, anikeze impendulo, futhi athinte umphumela wokugcina. Ngokusebenzelana eduze nethimba lephrojekthi, bangase bathuthukise umuzwa wobunikazi.
- Ukusebenzisana okuqinile: I-Agile igcizelela ukubaluleka kokuxhumana okuvamile nokuhlangana nomuntu. Abantu bangathatha umthwalo wemfanelo futhi babe nezingxenye ezithile zephrojekthi lapho besebenza ngamaqembu.
Okumbi
- Amalungu eqembu kumele abe nolwazie: Amaqembu asheshayo avame ukuba mancane. Ngakho, amalungu eqembu kumele abe namakhono anhlobonhlobo. Ukwengeza, kumele baqonde futhi bazizwe bekhululekile besebenzisa indlela ekhethiwe ye-Agile.
- Ukuhlela kungase kube nokunemba kancane: Kungase kube inselele ngezikhathi ezithile ukunquma idethi eqondile yokulethwa. I-Agile yakhelwe ekulethweni okufakwe ebhokisini lesikhathi, futhi abaphathi bephrojekthi bavame ukuhlela kabusha izinto eziza kuqala zemisebenzi. Ngakho-ke, kungenzeka ukuthi okunye okulethwayo obekuhlelelwe ukulethwa ngeke kuqedwe ngesikhathi. Ukwengeza, ama-sprints amaningi angase angezwe nganoma isiphi isikhathi kuyo yonke iphrojekthi, kunwetshwe lonke uhlelo.
- Amadokhumenti angase anganakwa: Amanye amalungu eqembu angase akholelwe ukuthi ukugxila ekubhalweni akubalulekile kangako njengoba i-Agile Manifesto ithanda isofthiwe yokusebenza ngaphezu kwemibhalo ephelele. Amaqembu e-Agile kufanele enze ibhalansi efanelekile phakathi kwemibhalo nenkhulumomphendvulwano, noma ngabe imibhalo enemininingwane ayikwazi ukuqinisekisa impumelelo yephrojekthi ngokwayo.
- Okukhiphayo kokugcina kungase kuhluke kakhulu: Kungenzeka ukuthi akuzange kube khona isu elicacile lephrojekthi yokuqala ye-Agile, ngakho-ke umphumela ophelile ungase ushintshe kakhulu kulokho okwakulindelwe kuqala. Umphumela wokugcina ohluke kakhulu ungavela ekungezeni iziphindaphindo ezintsha ngokusekelwe ekushintsheni kokufaka kweklayenti, njengoba i-Agile ivumelana nezimo.
- Ukuzinikela kwesikhathi konjiniyela: Ithimba lokuthuthukisa kumele lizinikele ngokugcwele kuphrojekthi ukuze isheshise isebenze ngempumelelo. Indlela ye-Agile, ethatha isikhathi eside kunendlela evamile, idinga ukubamba iqhaza okusebenzayo nokubambisana okuqhubekayo. Ukwengeza, kusho ukuthi abathuthukisi kufanele bazibophezele kubude obugcwele bephrojekthi.
Iyini i-Waterfall?
Ukuphindwa okudume kakhulu komjikelezo wempilo yokuthuthukiswa kwesistimu (i-SDLC) yobunjiniyela besofthiwe namaphrojekthi we-IT kwaziwa “njengendlela yempophoma,” elandela inqubo elandelanayo, ewumugqa.
Ishadi le-Gantt, uhlobo lweshadi lebha elibonisa izinsuku zokuqala nezokugcina zomsebenzi ngamunye, lisetshenziswa ngezikhathi ezithile ukuze liwuhlele.
Iqembu elithuthukayo lidlulela kuleli zinga elilandelayo ngemva kokuba esinye sezigaba eziyisishiyagalombili sesiphelile. Ithimba alikwazi ukubuyela esigabeni sangaphambilini ngaphandle kokuthi liqale kabusha yonke inqubo.
Ukwengeza, iklayenti kungase kudingeke lihlole futhi lamukele izidingo ngaphambi kokuthi iqembu liye ezingeni elilandelayo.
Imodeli yempophoma yathuthukiswa ezindaweni ezihleleke kakhulu zemboni yokukhiqiza neyokwakha, lapho ukulungiswa kungase kubize kakhulu noma kungenzeki.
Inqubo yezimpophoma yethiwa kanjalo ngoba ihloselwe ukugeleza iye ohlangothini olulodwa nje—ubheke phansi—njengempophoma. Izigaba zayo zifaka ukuhlaziya, ukuqalisa, ukuhlola, ukuklama, ukwakha, ukuthunyelwa, ukulungiswa nokuhlolwa.
Indlela yempophoma inezinzuzo ezimbalwa, njenganoma yiliphi elinye isu. Enye ukuthi izigaba zokuhlela nokuklama iphrojekthi zimiswe kahle kakhulu.
Amakhasimende kanye nethimba labathuthukisi baqondaniswe kakhulu uma kuziwa ekulethweni kwephrojekthi ngenkathi kusetshenziswa ukuthuthukiswa kwesoftware yempophoma. Ngenxa yokuthi uyawazi ububanzi bephrojekthi kusukela ekuqaleni, ukuthuthukiswa kwezimpophoma nakho kwenza kube lula ukuqapha inqubekelaphambili.
Inqubo yezimpophoma isebenzisa ochwepheshe, onjiniyela, abahlaziyi, nabahloli ukuze bagxile emisebenzini yabo kuphrojekthi kunokuba ithimba lonke ligcizelele isinyathelo esisodwa.
Izigaba Impophoma
Izinyathelo eziyisithupha ze-Waterfall kumele zonke zenzeke ngokulandelana kwesinye:
- Izidingo zokuqoqa nokugcina: Kufanele uqongelele ulwazi olunzulu mayelana nalokho okufunwa yile phrojekthi ngalesi sikhathi. Kunamasu amaningana okuqoqa le datha, okuhlanganisa izingxoxo, izinhlolovo, nokuxoxisana ngengqondo okuhlanganyelwe. Izidingo zephrojekthi kufanele zibe sobala ngesikhathi lesi sigaba siphela, futhi ithimba lakho kufanele libe seliyitholile ikhophi yombhalo wezidingo.
- Idizayini yesistimu: Uhlelo luklanywe ithimba lakho lisebenzisa ukucaciswa okunqunywe kusengaphambili. Phakathi nalesi sigaba, akukho khodi eyenziwayo, kodwa ithimba libeka izidingo zehadiwe noma ulimi lokuhlela.
- Implementation: Lesi sigaba sibandakanya ukubhala amakhodi. Idatha yesigaba esandulele isetshenziswa abahleli bezinhlelo ukwakha umkhiqizo osebenzisekayo. Ikhodi ivamise ukusetshenziswa ngezingcezu ezincane ezihlanganiswa ekupheleni kwesigaba noma ekuqaleni kwesinye.
- Testing: Umkhiqizo ungaqala ukuhlolwa ngemva kokuqedwa kwekhodi. Noma yiziphi izinkinga zitholwa ngokucophelela futhi zibikwa abahloli. Iphrojekthi yakho ingase idinge ukubuyela esigabeni sokuqala ukuze ihlolwe kabusha uma kuvela izinkinga ezinkulu.
- Ukulethwa/ukuthunyelwa: Umkhiqizo uphelile ngalesi sikhathi, futhi ithimba lakho lihambisa okulethwayo ukuze kusetshenziswe noma kukhululwe.
- Maintenance: Iklayenti liwutholile umkhiqizo futhi liyawusebenzisa. Ithimba lakho lingase lidinge ukuthuthukisa izilungiso nezibuyekezo lapho izinkinga zivela ukuze zizilungise. Futhi, izinkinga ezibalulekile zingadinga ukubuyela esinyathelweni sokuqala.
Izinzuzo
- Simple ukusebenza nokuphatha: Indlela ye-Waterfall ilula ukuyisebenzisa futhi iyaqondakala njengoba iphrojekthi ngayinye isingathwa ngendlela efanayo ngokulandelana. Ngaphambi kokuqala iphrojekthi ye-Waterfall, ithimba akudingekile ukuba libe nolwazi lwangaphambilini noma ukuqeqeshwa. Indlela yempophoma iqinile kakhulu; isigaba ngasinye sinesethi yezinto ezilethwa kanye nokubuyekezwa, okwenza kube lula ukuphatha nokugcina.
- Kudingeka indlela ebhalwe kahle: Imibhalo edingwa indlela yempophoma isiza ukucacisa umcabango ongemuva kokuhlolwa kanye nekhodi. Ukwengeza, idala umkhondo wephepha uma kwenzeka abathintekayo befuna ulwazi olwengeziwe ngesigaba esithile noma nganoma yiziphi izinyathelo ezizayo.
- Ukuqinisa isiyalo: Zonke izinyathelo zephrojekthi yempophoma zinesiqalo nesiphetho, okwenza kube lula ukuxhumana ngenqubekelaphambili kubabambiqhaza nakumakhasimende. Ithimba linganciphisa amathuba okulahlekelwa umnqamulajuqu ngokubeka izimfuneko nokuklama kuqala ngaphambi kokukhiqiza ikhodi.
Okumbi
- Kungaba nzima ukuqoqa izidingo eziqondile: Ukukhuluma nabathengi kanye nababambiqhaza ukuthola izidingo zabo kungesinye sezigaba zokuqala zephrojekthi ye-Waterfall. Kulesi sigaba sokuqala sephrojekthi, kungase kube inselele ukuthola izidingo zabo ezithile. Amakhasimende avame ukufunda mayelana nezidingo zawo njengoba iphrojekthi ikhula kunokuba aziveze kusenesikhathi.
- Izinguquko kunzima ukuzamukela: Izisebenzi azikwazi ukuqhubeka nomsebenzi ngemva kokuqeda isigaba. Kunzima kakhulu futhi kuyabiza ukubuyela emuva uyoyilungisa uma befunda ngesikhathi sesigaba sokuhlola ukuthi ukusebenza bekungekho ngesikhathi senqubo yezidingo.
- Isoftware ihlinzekwa ngemuva kwedethi yayo yomnqamulajuqu: Izigaba ezimbili kuya kwezine zephrojekthi kufanele ziqedwe ngaphambi kokuthi kuqale ukubhalwa ngekhodi kwangempela. Ababambiqhaza ngeke babone isofthiwe esebenzayo kuze kube sekupheleni komjikelezo wempilo njengomphumela.
Yini iScrum?
Olunye lwezinhlaka zenqubo ezithandwa kakhulu zokusebenzisa i-Agile iScrum, okuyi-subset ye-Agile.
Kuyipharadaymu ephindaphindayo yokuphatha ukudalwa kwesoftware eyinkimbinkimbi nemikhiqizo. I-Sprints, okuyiziphindaphindo zobude obugxilile ezithatha iviki elilodwa kuya kwamabili, zinika amandla iqembu ukuthi likhiphe isofthiwe ngeshejuli evamile.
Ababambiqhaza namalungu eqembu bayahlangana ukuze baxoxe ngezinyathelo ezilandelayo ngemva kokugijima ngakunye. Izindima, izibopho, kanye nemihlangano kuScrum ihlala ingashintshi.
Isibonelo, i-Scrum icacisa ukuhlelwa kwe-sprint, ukuma kwansuku zonke, idemo ye-sprint, kanye ne-sprint retrospective njengemikhuba emine ehlinzeka ngesakhiwo ngasinye se-sprint.
Ithimba lizosebenzisa ama-artifact abonakalayo njengamabhodi emisebenzi noma amashadi ashiswayo phakathi ne-sprint ngayinye ukuze libonise ukuqhubeka futhi lithole impendulo ekhuphukayo.
Ku-scrum, ithimba kanye nomnikazi womkhiqizo basebenzisana eduze ukuze bakhombe futhi babeke phambili ukusebenza kwesistimu. Bafinyelela lokhu ngokwakha ukusilela emuva komkhiqizo, oqukethe yonke imisebenzi edingekayo ukuze kukhiqizwe isofthiwe esebenza ngendlela ehlosiwe.
Amapeshi eziphazamisi, izidingo ezingasebenzi, nezici kufanele zonke zifakwe kulayini. Amaqembu ahlukahlukene kufanele alinganisele futhi abhalise ukuze alethe ukukhushulwa kwesofthiwe kuwo wonke ama-Sprints aqhubekayo, ahlala izinsuku ezingu-30, uma izinjongo sezisunguliwe.
Ithimba kuphela elingakwazi ukwengeza ukusebenza ku-Sprint ngemva kokwenza isipele salowo mgijimi.
Ukulethwa Okulandelayo kwe-Sprint, i-backlog yomkhiqizo iyahlolwa futhi, uma kunesidingo, ibekwa phambili, bese isethi elandelayo edilivayo ikhethwa ukuthi ibe yingxenye yale sprint elandelayo.
Inqubo yesikramu
- Ukubuyela emuva komkhiqizo: Ukuze u-ode izinto eziku-backlog yomkhiqizo, Umnikazi Womkhiqizo kanye Nethimba Le-Scrum bayahlangana (umsebenzi wokusalela emuva komkhiqizo uvela ezindabeni zabasebenzisi nezimfuneko). Ukusalela emuva komkhiqizo kuwuhlu lwazo zonke izici ezifiselekayo zomkhiqizo kunohlu lwemisebenzi okudingeka iqedwe. Ngemva kwalokho, ithimba labathuthukisi likhetha imisebenzi ku-backlog yomkhiqizo ukuze liyenze kuyo yonke i-sprint ngayinye.
- Ukuhlela i-Sprint: Ngaphambi kwe-sprint ngayinye, Umnikazi Womkhiqizo uletha eqenjini izinto eziphezulu ku-backlog emhlanganweni wokuhlela we-sprint. Iqembu libe selikhetha izinto ku-backlog yomkhiqizo abangaziqeda ngesikhathi se-sprint bese beziyisa ku-sprint backlog (okuwuhlu lwemisebenzi okufanele iqedelwe ku-sprint).
- Ukulungiswa/ukulungiswa kokusalela emuva: Ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuthi i-backlog ilungiselelwe umgijimi olandelayo, ithimba kanye nomnikazi womkhiqizo bahlangana ekupheleni komgijimi owodwa. Ithimba lingalahla izindaba zabasebenzisi ezingasabalulekile, lengeze ezintsha, libuyekeze indlela okufanele zisingathwe ngayo, noma lihlukanise izindaba zabasebenzisi zibe imisebenzi emincane. Kulo mhlangano “wokulungisa,” kuzoqinisekiswa ukuthi ukusilela emuva kuhlanganisa kuphela izinto ezifanele, ezijulile nezihambisana nezinjongo zomklamo.
- Imihlangano yesikram nsuku zonke: Emhlanganweni wokusukuma wemizuzu engu-15 obizwa ngokuthi i-Daily Scrum, ilungu ngalinye leqembu lixoxa ngezinjongo zalo nanoma yiziphi izinkinga ezivele. Nsuku zonke kulo lonke i-sprint, iqembu libamba iqhaza ku-Daily Scrum, egcina wonke umuntu ematasa.
- Umhlangano wokuhlola i-sprint: Ithimba lethula umsebenzi walo emhlanganweni wokubuyekeza i-sprint ekupheleni kwe-sprint ngayinye. Esikhundleni sombiko noma isethulo se-PowerPoint, lo mhlangano kufanele uhlanganise nomboniso wangempela.
- Umhlangano we-sprint obuyela emuva: Ithimba lixoxa nganoma yiziphi izinguquko okudingeka zenziwe kumsubathi olandelayo kanye nokuthi iScrum sibasebenzela kahle kangakanani ekupheleni komgijimi ngamunye. Ithimba lingaxoxa ngezici ezinhle ze-sprint, izici ezingezinhle, nezindawo okufanele zithuthukiswe.
Izinzuzo
- Isibopho esengeziwe esivela eqenjini: Akekho umphathi wephrojekthi oyalela ithimba lesikram ngokuthi lenzeni futhi nini. Umsebenzi ongaqedwa ku-sprint ngayinye kunalokho unqunywa iqembu lilonke. Bonke babambisana futhi banikezane isandla komunye nomunye, bethuthukisa ukusebenzisana kweqembu futhi bakhuthaze ubuntu kulungu ngalinye leqembu.
- Ukubonakala kwephrojekthi okuthuthukisiwe nokungafihli lutho: Kukhona ukungaqondi kahle nokungaqiniseki njengoba wonke umuntu ethimbeni uyawazi umsebenzi wabo ngenxa yemihlangano yokusukuma evamisile. Iqembu lingabhekana nezinkinga ngaphambi kokuthi lingalawuleki kwazise izinkinga zibonwa kusenesikhathi.
- Ukwehliswa kwezindleko okuthuthukisiwe: Ukuxhumana njalo kugcina ithimba laziswa nganoma yiziphi izinkinga noma izinguquko ngokushesha nje lapho zenzeka, okusiza ukulondoloza izindleko nokuthuthukisa ikhwalithi. Izingxenye zesici ezincane zinikeza impendulo eqhubekayo futhi zivumela ukulungiswa kwephutha ngaphambi kokuthi amaphutha amakhulu abize kakhulu ukulungiseka.
- Kulula ukuzivumelanisa nezinguquko: Kulula ukubhekana nakho futhi uzivumelanise nezinguquko uma kunezihibe zempendulo ezivamile kanye nokugijima okufushane. Njengomfanekiso, uma ithimba lihlangabezana nendaba entsha yomsebenzisi phakathi nokugijima okukodwa, bangangeza leso sici ngokushesha kumsubathi olandelayo emhlanganweni wokuhluza i-backlog.
Okumbi
- Ubungozi bokukhuphuka komthamo: Ngenxa yokuntuleka kosuku olumisiwe lokuqeda, amaphrojekthi athile eScrum angase abhekane nokukhuphuka kobubanzi. Ababambiqhaza bangase bayengwe ukuthi baqhubeke nokufuna izici ezengeziwe uma ungekho umnqamulajuqu wokuqedwa.
- I-Scrum Master embi ingase iphazamise yonke into: Umphathi wephrojekthi akafani nompetha wesikram. I-Scrum Master kufanele ithembele ithimba aliqondisayo futhi angalokothi alinikeze imiyalelo. I-Scrum Master ayinawo amandla phezu kweqembu. Iphrojekthi izohluleka uma umpetha wesikram ezama ukuphatha iqembu.
- Izinkinga zokunemba zingase zibangelwe yimisebenzi eshiwo kabi: Uma imisebenzi ingacaciswanga ngokucacile, izindleko zephrojekthi namashejuli ngeke anembile. Ukuhlela kuba yinselele futhi ukugijima kungathatha isikhathi eside kunalokho obekulindelwe uma imigomo yokuqala ingachazwanga.
- Isipiliyoni nokuzinikela kuyadingeka eqenjini: Ukuze iqembu liphumelele, izindima nemisebenzi kufanele ichazwe ngokucacile. I-Scrum Team idinga amalungu eqembu anamakhono obuchwepheshe ngoba azikho izindima ezichazwe ngokucacile (wonke umuntu wenza konke). Ithimba kufanele futhi lizibophezele ekubambeni iqhaza kumaseshini eScrum nsuku zonke futhi lihlale ndawonye impilo yonke yephrojekthi.
I-Agile Vs Scrum
Noma i-Agile neScrum isebenzisa indlela efanayo, kukhona ukuhluka okuthile phakathi kwakho kokubili. I-Agile Manifesto iveza isethi yezimiso zokudala isofthiwe ngokuthuthukiswa okuphindaphindiwe.
I-Scrum, ngakolunye uhlangothi, isethi yezinkombandlela okufanele zilandelwe ngenkathi kwenziwa ukuthuthukiswa kwesofthiwe ye-Agile. I-Agile ingumqondo, kuyilapho i-Scrum iyindlela yokuyisebenzisa.
I-Scrum yindlela yokusebenzisa i-Agile, ngakho-ke bobabili banezinto eziningi ezifanayo. Zombili izindlela ziyaphindaphinda, zibeka phambili ukulethwa kwesoftware kusenesikhathi futhi kaningi, futhi yamukela ushintsho. Baphinde basekele ukuvuleka kanye nentuthuko eqhubekayo.
I-Agile Vs Impophoma
I-Rigid vs. flexible ichaza kangcono umehluko phakathi kwenqubo ye-Waterfall kanye ne-Agile. Ngenkathi i-Agile iwuketshezi futhi ishintsha njalo, Impophoma iyindlela eqinile, eqinile.
Le mehluko eminye phakathi kwabo imi kanje:
- I-Agile ayidingi indlela yomugqa, kuyilapho i-Waterfall ilandelana.
- Yize izidingo zivame ukuchazwa kusengaphambili kumaphrojekthi we-Waterfall, kulindeleke ukuthi ziguqule futhi zivumelane nezinhlelo ze-Agile.
- Ngokungafani ne-Agile, amaphrojekthi we-Waterfall awavumeli ukuguqulwa ukuthi kwenziwe emsebenzini owaqedwa esigabeni sangaphambilini.
- Impophoma iyinqubo ehlelekile lapho kufanele uqedele isinyathelo ngasinye ngaphambi kokudlulela kwesinye. Kodwa-ke, i-Agile iyindlela evumelana nezimo ekuvumela ukuthi uqhubeke nephrojekthi ngejubane lakho.
I-Agile Vs Waterfall Vs Scrum
- Impophoma ikhulisa ukwethenjwa kulokho okuzohlinzekwa maduze nje ngemuva kokuthi kuhleliwe. I-Agile incike ezenzweni ezinhle kakhulu zendawo yokuthuthukisa. Lapha, inani lezingozi zephrojekthi zingalawulwa kahle njengoba imiphumela ihlale ihlolwa.
- I-Waterfall ayilindele ukuthi ithimba nephrojekthi izinze endaweni efanayo. Ngenkathi i-scrum ne-agile idinga ukuhlangana kwabasebenzi.
- I-Agile igxile ekwehliseni ukusebenza kabusha kwephrojekthi futhi ikhuthaza izinguquko ukuthi zifakwe ngaphambili kakhulu. Ngokuphambene nempophoma, ephendula ngendlela ehlukile, isikram siphinde sinike amandla ukutholwa kwezinguquko kusenesikhathi.
- Ipulani eliminyene kakhulu lomkhiqizo wokugcina linikezwa i-agile kanye nesikram. Lokhu kudala inkinga ngezithembiso ezenziwa kumthengi. Ngokuphambene, isithombe sempophoma sinikeza amakhasimende nabathuthukisi umbono ongcono womphumela oqediwe.
- Ngayinye yalezi zindlela inesethi yamathuluzi okuhlela kanye nokulingisa imisebenzi ehilelekile ekudalweni kwayo.
Isiphetho
Uma ulandele kuze kube manje futhi uqiniseka olwazini lwakho lomehluko phakathi kwezinqubo ze-Waterfall, Agile, kanye ne-Scrum, kufanele wazi kakade ukuthi yiliphi isu elizokusebenzela kangcono wena nethimba lakho.
Ubuchule be-Waterfall, obungamaphrojekthi ane-scope ecacile, isikhathi esimisiwe, nesabelomali, kungaba yinketho yakho engcono kakhulu uma uthanda imithetho nezinqubo eziqinile futhi uthole ukuthi ziletha ukucaca.
Ngakolunye uhlangothi, uma inkululeko nokuvumelana nezimo okunikezwa yi-Agile kukugqugquzela, kungaba lapho kufanele ubeke khona ukunaka kwakho.
Isikram siyindlela okufanele uhambe ngayo, noma kunjalo, uma ufisa isiyalo esincane ngaphakathi kohlaka oluguquguqukayo.
Kodwa-ke, kufanele ucabangele lezi zindlela ngokubheka iphrojekthi osebenza kuyo kanye nomphumela wakho wokugcina.
shiya impendulo