Fungidzira zvinotevera: kamuri rine mwenje wakapfava, ine chete sosi yechiedza chiri chemonitor; masherufu akaturikidzana nepamusoro manga mabhuku spines; uye maziso emufariri akati ngwee netarisiro sezvavanovhura peji kuti vaone kuti ngano yacho ichavasvitsa kupi.
Kune vasingaverengeki vanofarira Manga munyika yose, iyi ndiyo tsika tsvene—chiyeuchidzo chokukwezva kusingaperi kwesvikiro rakafadza mamiriyoni.
Manga imhando yakasarudzika yekuJapan inorondedzera art inosanganisa mutauro wakatsetseka uye inoratidzira mifananidzo. Nhoroondo yaro yakadzika midzi mutsika dzechiJapan uye yakakosha pakurarama kwemazuva ano kweJapan.
Asi kukwezva kwayo kwakapfuura miganhu yenyika, mhinganidzo dzemitauro, uye misiyano yetsika, zvichibuda sechiitiko chenyika yose.
Manga yakasarudzika kwete nekuda kwekushamisa kwayo-ne-chena, nguva nenguva ichipfapfaidzwa nemapeji eruvara, asi zvakare nekuda kwekusiyana kwakasiyana uye kuomarara kwenyaya yayo arcs, iyo inotangira painoshungurudza-ye-ye-nyaya nyaya dzehupenyu kusvika pakuita-kumisa moyo. sagas.
Chiso chayo chekuwedzeredza uye chiito chine simba, chinova chiratidzo chechimiro chayo chekuona, chinokwevera vaverengi mune visceral uye mupfungwa chiitiko.
Kufamba kwayo, uko kunogona kuchinjana pakati pekumhanya-mhanya uye kufungisisa, kunopesana nemakongiresi anowanikwa mune akajairwa macomics ekuMadokero.
Kubudirira kweManga kushandiswa inyaya yekufambira mberi kwehunyanzvi. Mazuva ekutinhira kwemapeji anoratidza kutanga kwechiitiko chemutambi waanofarira akapera kare.
Mazuva ano, kupuruzira chinyararire pagirazi skrini, kubvuma kwakadzikama kweshanduko yakakosha munzira iyo vanhu vanoverenga ngano.
Manga ikozvino yakasununguka kubva kune zvisingakwanisi kudhindwa kwemuviri nekuda kwekuuya kwenguva yedhijitari. Kune akati wandei mapuratifomu anowanikwa anopa mukana wekukurumidza kuraibhurari iyo yaimbove isingafungidzike maererano nehuwandu.
Vateveri veManga vava nemaitiro matsva ekusarudza kubva pakusarudza mapuratifomu avo semhedzisiro yekuchinja kwedhijitari.
Chishuvo chavo chepasi nevanhu vakasiyana sehupenyu pachahwo chinovatuma kutsvaga mutsauko mumhando. Iyo inorema interface haichakwanise kukanganisa kubva kune inonyudza chiitiko; kushandiswa kunova kwakakosha.
Kuti uvhare chinhambwe pakati pezvinyorwa zvepakutanga uye kuverenga kwazviri pasi rose, shanduro dzemhando yepamusoro dzinokosha.
Vaverengi vanounzwa pamwechete nenhengo dzenharaunda dzinofambisa kugovaniswa nekurukurirano yedzidziso nevanofarirwa, uye nzira dzemitengo dzakaenzana dzinovimbisa kuti dombo iri retsika richiri kuwanikwa kune vese.
Naizvozvo, kune vese vanoda manga, isu takanyora iwo makuru masaiti ekuverenga manga.
1. Crunchyroll Manga
Crunchyroll Manga iparadhiso yedhijitari yevateveri vemanga, ine raibhurari hombe yeanosvika makumi masere manga novels anotenderera emhando kubva pakuita uye kushanya kusvika kurudo nekuseka.
Uchishandisa iri nyore kushandisa interface, vaverengi vanogona kukurumidza kutarisa zvitsauko zvazvino uye mavhoriyamu. Raibhurari yega yega inovabvumira kuchengetedza yavo yavanoda nhepfenyuro kuti vawane nyore.
Iyo yedivi-swipe mashandiro ekuchinja kwepeji, iyo zoom kugona kunakidzwa neruzivo rwemifananidzo ye manga, uye basa rebhukimaki rekuchengeta akati wandei akateedzana dzimwe dzenzira dzepuratifomu inovandudza ruzivo rwekuverenga.
Iyo inopa Modhi yeNhungamiro yevaverengi manga manga, izvo zvinoita kuti zvive nyore kufamba pakati pemapanera engano uye inovimbisa isina musono kuverenga.
Uku kutariswa kwechiitiko chemuverengi chiratidzo chekuzvipira kwepuratifomu pakushandisa uye kuwanikwa.
Kunyangwe puratifomu ichizivikanwa kuti inobata mitauro yakati wandei, inonyanya kukoshesa kushandura zvinyorwa zveChirungu kune vateereri vepasirese.
Crunchyroll Manga inoenderana neakasiyana mapuratifomu, anosanganisira iPhones, Android smartphones, uye mabhurawuza ewebhu evaverengi vangada kuverenga pachiratidziro chikuru.
Nezve mutengo, Crunchyroll Manga ine freemium bhizinesi modhi. Iyo yemahara tier ine kushambadzira inowanikwa, zvisinei premium nhengo sarudzo dzinotanga pa ₹ 79.00/mo dzinopihwa kune isingakanganiswe chiitiko.
2. Manga Toon
MangaToon ipuratifomu inobudirira inopa akasiyana siyana emakomiki, manhua, manhwa, uye manga, ese anogadziridzwa zuva rega rega kuti agutse zvinodiwa nevaverengi vane hunyanzvi.
Nemhando dzemhando dzerudo, fungidziro, chiito, BL, chakavanzika, uye nezvimwe, zvakasiyana-siyana zvakakura. Mhando yega yega inoratidzwa zvine simba uye inopihwa hupenyu neiyo app ine simba kuburitsa.
Kuzvipira kweapp kupa inoveli uye kukwezva kuverenga kusarudzwa kunosimudzirwa nevimbiso yekuti nhengo hadzizopotsa kurova kweavanoda nhevedzano, nekuwedzera kutsva kunowedzerwa svondo rega rega.
The user experience yakagadziridzwa kuti iverenge nyore; nekunatsiridza kupuruzira, vashandisi vanogona kufamba zviri nyore pakati pengano.
Kune iwo ekupedzisira-husiku kuverenga zvikamu, iyo app inotoratidza yakasviba modhi inodzikisa kupenya kwescreen uye kunetsa kwemaziso.
Kuitira kugashira vashandisi vanogara vari parwendo kana vane internet isina kurongeka, kuverenga pasina Indaneti kunotenderwawo, zvichiita kuti kurodharwe komiki mushure mezvikamu zvinenge zvavhurwa zvachose.
Pamusoro pekutaura mitauro miviri, MangaToon inotsigirawo Chirungu, Bahasa Indonesia, Vietnamese, Spanish, Portuguese, Thai, French, Arabic, uye Traditional Chinese, nehurongwa hwekuwedzera mimwe mitauro yakawanda mune ramangwana.
Iko kushandiswa kunoenderana nezvose zviri zviviri iOS uye Android mapuratifomu, inovhara huwandu hwakasiyana hwemidziyo yedhijitari.
Iyi puratifomu inoshandisa freemium bhizinesi modhi, ichipa zvemahara zvemukati zvakapindirana ne-mu-app kubhadhara kugutsa zvese zvinodiwa nevaverengi vakareruka uye avo vakagadzirira kuburitsa mari yakawanda yekuvandudza kuverenga.
3. Comixology
Comixology iparadhiso yedhijitari yevateveri ve manga, ine muunganidzwa wakakura unofadza kune dzakasiyana siyana zvaunofarira.
Vaverengi vanogona kurasikirwa pachavo mumhando dzakasiyana-siyana dzine raibhurari inosanganisira mazana emazita, kubva kunyika dzisingafungidziri dzeJosei kusvika kuzviitiko-zvakazara zvekushanya zveshonen, uye kubva mumigwagwa yerima yeseinen kuenda kunyika dzinotamba dzeshojo.
Muverengi ndiyo inotariswa yepuratifomu mushandisi interface, iyo inopa maonero emvura anofanana zvakanyanya neyakajairika kuverenga manga ruzivo.
Shanduko dzepeji dzakapfava uye dzechisikigo dzinobvumira rondedzero inoenderera inoremekedza maitiro uye nguva yenganonyorwa manga.
Inoshandisa iyo Guided View tekinoroji, iyo inopa vashandisi ruzivo rwekunyudza uye rwemubhaisikopo pavanenge vachifamba nepane imwe neimwe.
Iri basa rakakosha rinoita chokwadi chekuti artwork inofarirwa mune zvese zvakadzama, kunyanya pazviratidziro zvidiki. Webhusaiti zvakare inofarira kupa manga mumitauro yakati wandei, uye shanduro dzayo dzinozivikanwa kuve dzakarurama uku uchichengetedza hudiki hwezvirimo.
Comixology inoshanda neakasiyana mapuratifomu, akadai sePC, mahwendefa, uye mafoni, saka yako yaunofarira manga inogara ingori nekudzvanya kushoma kure.
Ipuratifomu inoshanduka yemitengo sarudzo, iyo inosanganisira kutenga kwega, mabundle, uye modhi yekunyoresa, inoita kuti ive sarudzo inokwanisika kune vese vanofarira manga uye vanoverengawo zvavo.
4. zizi sleeve
Manga Owl inzvimbo yakanyatsosimbiswa mukati memharaunda yemanga inopa huwandu hwezvinyorwa zvevaverengi pasi rese.
Nemabhuku anotambanuka zvakasiyana-siyana zvezvikamu, ine muunganidzwa unoshamisa uyo wakazara uye wakasiyana.
Manga Owl inopa inogara ichigadziridza assortment yezvitsva zvaburitswa, zvinopa kune dzakasiyana siyana zvinonaka: chiitiko chakatevedzana kune avo anonakidza adventures; mutambo wekudzika kwayo mupfungwa; zvinofadza zvepfungwa zvekutenderera kwavo uye kutendeuka; uye kusetsa nekuda kwekureruka kwayo.
Iine shanduko yepeji isina musono uye intuitive UI inovandudza kutaurwa kwengano, chiitiko chekuverenga chepuratifomu chakagadzirirwa kufanana nekuverenga manga yechinyakare.
Isarudzo inochinjika kune vakasiyana siyana nekuda kwemavara ayo ekuverenga akasiyana, ayo anosanganisira nzira dzekuverenga dzinofambiswa dzinotsigira mafomati akajairwa kubva kurudyi kuenda kuruboshwe uye kumadokero kuruboshwe kuenda kurudyi.
Manga Owl inonyanya kuzivikanwa nekuedza kwayo kuturikira kunotungamirwa nenharaunda, iyo inorumbidzwa nekuda kwechokwadi uye kuzvipira kwayo kune zvekutanga, kunyangwe ichinyanya kupa zvirimo muChirungu.
Chitsauko chako chinotevera manga chingori chekubata chete neManga Owl's multi-device kuwanikwa, ungave uri kushandisa Android smartphone kana PC.
Iyo mutengo chimiro chepuratifomu inorumbidzwa sezvo ichipa yemahara sarudzo yeManga Owl, inofanana nekuwanikwa kwayo.
Nheyo yavo inotungamira ndeyekuti manga inofanirwa kuwanikwa kune wese munhu, ichikwevera muvaverengi kubva kutenderera pasirese.
5. Viz Manga
Viz Manga iparadhiso yedhijitari apo jira rine mavara reJapan komiki rinouya kuhupenyu, richishanda sechiedza chinotungamira kune vateveri veiyo genre.
Iyi puratifomu mugodhi wegoridhe chaiwo wevanoda marudzi akasiyana-siyana, kubva kunyika dzemashiripiti dze "Sailor Moon" kusvika kune-akazara zviitiko zve "Naruto," nekuda kweraibhurari yayo hombe ine mazita anopfuura zviuru zvitatu.
Nehuwandu hwezvinyorwa zvakasiyana-siyana setsika kwadzinobva, vaverengi vanokurudzirwa kuti vanyure mugungwa rengano.
Rwendo rwemuverengi runotariswa paunenge uchigadzira Viz Manga mushandisi ruzivo. Shanduko dzepeji dzakapfava dzinotevedzera manyawi ekutenderedza peji chaiyo asi nekuwedzeredzwa kwakawedzera kwehunyanzvi hwemazuva ano hwedhijitari.
Imwe-ye-yemhando yekuverenga maficha ndiko kugona kutsvaira kana kubata nzira yako pakati pemapeji, uye mushandisi-ane hushamwari dhizaini inorangarira pawakasiira kuti uenderere mberi kwawakasiira.
Viz Manga inokutendera kuti utore zvinyorwa uye uverenge zvisiri pamhepo kuti unakirwe ne manga yako pasina kubatana neinternet.
Izvi zvinovimbisa kuti kuverenga kwako hakuzokanganiswe. Kuwanikwa kwakakosha, uye Viz Manga inopenya pairi nekushanda nemhando dzakasiyana dzemidziyo.
Yako yaunofarira manga inogara ichisvikika nekungodzvanya tenda kupuratifomu, inoshanda neIOS uye Android smartphones, mahwendefa, uye malaptop.
Inopa chimiro chemutengo iyo yose yakajeka-yakatemwa uye inoshanduka. Unogona kutenga mavhoriyamu ega, kuwana masampuli emahara, kana kusaina kunyoreswa kwemwedzi wega wega kuti uwane kusingabvumirwe kuwana kune yakakura manga raibhurari yepuratifomu.
6. Tachiyomi
Tachiyomi yakakurumbira yakavhurika-sosi manga yekuverenga chirongwa inozivikanwa nekusarudzika kwayo uye kuwanda kwezvinhu izvo zvinogutsa chero nyota ye manga fan.
Inzvimbo tsvene yakasiyana-siyana, ine sarudzo inoshamisa yemabasa kubva kune vakati wandei vaparidzi anovhara marudzi ese aungafungidzirwe anozivikanwa kunharaunda yemanga.
Kubva kune yechinyakare kusvika kune yechimanjemanje, yakakurumbira kusvika kune nyanzvi, vaverengi vanogona kuzvitarisa munyika yenyaya.
Chiitiko chekuverenga paapp chakagadziridzwa zvine mutsindo, paine shanduko yemapeji yakatsetseka iyo inogona kugadziridzwa kune zvinodiwa nemushandisi-kungave kuri mupumburu wakamira kana swipe yakachinjika.
Akakosha maficha sekutumira mapeji asina chinhu, mirairo yekuverenga inorongwa, uye dhizaini yebhukimaki yakafanana nevaridzi venzvimbo inobatsirawo muverengi.
Sarudzo yekurodha manga ndeimwe yeakanakisa mabhenefiti aTachiyomi sezvo ichibvumira vashandisi kunyudza ivo pachavo munyaya dzavanofarira vasingade internet.
Nekuenderana kwayo nemidziyo yeAroid, iyi chikuva chakatarisana nemuverengi inovimbisa kusvika kwevateereri vakawanda. Iyo inokunda mukuomerera kune yayo yemahara zano uye kuramba nzira yechinyakare yekunyorera.
Icho chiitiko chinotungamirwa nenharaunda chakazara chisina muripo wakavanzika kana maficha ekutanga kuseri kwepaywall, saka ruzivo rwekuverenga manga haruna kusvibiswa nezvido zvebhizinesi.
7. Bhuku Walker
BookWalker Manga, chikuva chepamusoro chemanhamba edhijitari uye manovhero akareruka, inopa ruzivo rwakanyura uye rwakasiyana-siyana rwekuverenga.
Iyi puratifomu inopa anopfuura zviuru zvishanu nemazana mashanu emafirimu anotora mhando dzakasiyana dzemhando, kubva kumakwikwi uye erudo kusvika kukufungidzira uye sci-fi. Zvine 5,500 mazita erudo, 2,093 makomedhi, 1,303 madrama, 1,164 evakomana erudo/yaoi novels, 1,029 fungidziro misoro, uye nezvimwe, mhando yega yega inomiririrwa zvakanaka.
Izvi zvinogonesa kwakasiyana siyana kuti ienderane nemhando yezvido zvevaverengi. BookWalker, iyo yepamutemo chitoro chemabhuku uye app yeKADOKAWA, yakagadzirirwa vateveri veakajeka novhero uye manga.
Inozvisiyanisa nekupa mazita emahara mwedzi wega wega, zvichiita kuti vatengi vaedze-isina njodzi nemhando dzakasiyana nevanyori.
Iyi puratifomu inodawo mazita ekuremekedza uye kushandira pamwe nevatsikisi veJapan, ichiunza zvega zvemukati kuraibhurari yayo senge "The Combat Baker uye Automaton Waitress" uye "Basa reRyuo harina Kuitwa!"
Pamusoro pekuwedzera ruzivo rwekuverenga, BookWalker inowedzera kukosha kune imwe neimwe kutenga nekubatanidza yakasarudzika yekuwedzera senge mapepa emadziro, ngano pfupi, kubvunzurudza, uye mifananidzo.
Pamwe chete nechirongwa chemubairo wemari apo vashandisi vanounganidza mari pakutenga izvo zvinogona kuiswa kune ramangwana rekutenga eBook, saiti yacho inowanzopa madhiri akakosha, anosanganisira specials, bundle discounts, uye zvemahara.
Kusvikika-hungwaru, vatengi vanogona kuverenga eBooks avo pamhepo kana kuburikidza neBookWalker app, inofambirana nemabhurawuza, Android, uye iPhone/iPad.
8. eManga
eManga, yakavambwa muna 2008 neDigital Manga, Inc., ichitoro chimwe chete chepamhepo chemhando dzakasiyana siyana dzemanga.
Yakasanganiswa nechitoro chekudhinda cheDMI, Akadot, muna 2018 kuti ipe ruzivo rwakadzama runosanganisira zvese zvemagetsi uye zvemuviri manga.
Iyi puratifomu inobata kune akasiyana siyana evaverengi anoravira nemhando dzakadai sechiito, adventure, classic, komedhi, dhirama, ecchi, fungidziro, zvinotyisa, zvakavanzika, zverudo, sci-fi, seinen, shojo, shonen, chidimbu chehupenyu, mitambo, uye zvemweya.
Raibhurari yavo ine mazita ane rezinesi akachinjirwa kumusika wechiRungu kubva kune vanopfuura makumi mashanu evaparidzi vekuJapan, kusanganisira madhindindi anozivikanwa seDigital Manga, Tezuka Productions, Media Factory, SoftBank Creative, uye yavo DMG banner.
Kunyangwe webhusaiti yeManga iri kuvandudzwa, inotarisira kudzorera masevhisi akadai semaraibhurari evatengi uye eBook kutenderera kuvandudza ruzivo rwekuverenga. Nekuenderana kwepuratifomu nemidziyo yakati wandei, kuwanikwa chinhu chakakosha cheeManga.
Kunyangwe iwe uri kuverenga pa-smartphone, piritsi, kana desktop komputa, eManga inochinjika dhizaini inopa inowirirana kuverenga.
Iwe unogona kurasikirwa iwe pachako mune yako yaunofarira manga kungave kumba kana munzira nekuda kwekusiyana kwayo. eManga ine mushandisi-inoshamwaridzika chimiro kana zvasvika pamutengo.
Pane mikana yechero bhajeti nekuda kwekusarudzwa kwepuratifomu yemazita panzvimbo dzakasiyana dzemitengo. Manga ikozvino inokwanisika uye inowanikwa kune vakawanda vateereri nekuda kweiyi mutengo zano.
9. Manga Plaza
Manga Plaza idhijitari portal yakatsaurirwa kuJapan manga, uye ine zvinopfuura 100,000 zvitsauko, ichivimbisa manga mafeni akapambwa kuti asarudze.
Mhando dzakasiyana-siyana, dzinosanganisira Rudo rweVakomana (BL), Romance, Fantasy, Action, Drama, MangaPlaza Originals, Sci-fi, Horror, Adult Romance, Harlequin, Sports, Comedy, Mystery/Sususpense, Mhuka/Mhuka, Chikafu uye Inwa, Yuri (F/F), Historical, Military/Warfare, uye Heavy Erotica, anowanikwa pachikuva ichi kuti aenderane nekunaka kwakasiyana.
Manga Plaza yakagadzirwa zviri nyore kuverenga mupfungwa, zvisinei, zvakakosha kuyeuka kuti MangaPlaza idhijitari comic. Streaming service.
Nekuda kweizvozvo, vatengi havagone kudhawunirodha makomiki kuti vaverenge kunze kwenyika kubva kuMangaPlaza nekuti zvirimo zvinongowanikwa online.
Sezvo mazita ese ari paMangaPlaza aine rezinesi zvakafanira, zano iri rinoenderana nebasa repuratifomu rekubatsira vanyori vemanga uye indasitiri yemanga yakazara.
MangaPlaza parizvino haina app uye inogona kuwanikwa chete kuburikidza nemabhurawuza pamidziyo. Izvi zvinoreva kuti chero munhu anogona kuwana raibhurari yeManga Plaza yakakura uye yakasiyana-siyana kubva kune chero mudziyo une browser uye internet yekubatanidza.
Nezve mutengo, MangaPlaza ine chirongwa chemwedzi nemwedzi chenhengo chiri mutengo paUSD 6.99. Nenhengo iyi, vatengi vanogona kuwana yavo yakakura yekuunganidza manga.
10. MangaKakalot
Mangakakalot inobuda sechikuva chinosiyanisa mune yakazara dhijitari manga chikamu. Inozviparadzanisa nekupa huwandu hwakasiyana hwemazita e manga, ese anogona kuverengerwa mahara, zvichiita kuti ive nzvimbo yakakurumbira yekuenda kune manga mafeni pasi rese.
Zviuru zvemazita mumhando dzakasiyana-siyana zvinoumba iyi yakasiyana-siyana yedhijitari muunganidzwa. Inokwezva kune dzakasiyana siyana zvinonaka uye zvaunofarira, ichipa zvese kubva pakuita uye fungidziro kuenda kurudo uye chidimbu-che-yehupenyu nyaya.
Zvikuru, Mangakakalot inopa huwandu hwakawanda hwevaverengi ruzivo rwakanaka rwekuverenga nekubatanidza mhando dzemhando dzinosanganisira shojo, josei, seinen, uye shonen.
Ipuratifomu iri nyore kushandisa kufamba uye mushandisi-ane hushamwari interface inowedzera kukwezva kwayo.
Vaverengi vanogona kukurumidza kuongorora akasiyana marudzi uye zvikamu kana kuongorora uye kutsvaga mamwe mazita e manga nekuda kweiyo yakanyatso kurongeka uye yakachena interface uye inoshanda yekutsvaga chimiro.
Uyezve, akawanda-ane hushamwari maficha eMangakalot anoratidza kuzvipira kwekambani kupa ruzivo rwekuverenga rusina mhosva.
Izvi zvinosanganisira akati wandei mapeji sarudzo, senge imwe- kana mbiri-peji maonero, uye maturusi ekumisikidza ekugadzirisa upamhi hwepeji kuti uverenge zvakanaka.
Pamusoro pezvo, saiti iyi ine mitauro yakawanda, izvo zvinowedzera vateereri vayo kusvika pasi rese. Ideology yaMangakakalot yakavakirwa pakudyidzana kwenharaunda.
Iyo webhusaiti inogadzira nharaunda ine hupenyu yevanofarira manga nekusimudzira kutaurirana kuburikidza nenzvimbo dzekutaura uko vashandisi vanogona kuchinjana mazano, kupa mazano, uye kutanga hurukuro.
mhedziso
Mukupedzisa, manga imhando yakasarudzika yeJapan rondedzero yehunyanzvi iyo inozivikanwa pasi rese uye inocheka pamusoro pemitauro netsika zvipingamupinyi.
Iyo inozivikanwa nemifananidzo yayo inonakidza uye marongero akasiyana. Iine huwandu hwakakura hwemhando dzemhando uye nekukwidziridzwa kuwanika pamasaiti akaita seCrunchyroll Manga, MangaToon, Comixology, Manga Owl, Viz Manga, Tachiyomi, Book Walker, eManga, Manga Plaza, uye Mangakakalot, zera redhijitari rakachinja zvachose mashandisirwo manga.
Aya masevhisi anogashira kwakasiyana siyana kuravira kwe manga uye anowanzo bvumidza kuverenga pasina pamhepo kuti urambe uchinakidzwa. Kuti vagare vese vemahara uye vekutanga vaverengi, ivo vanopawo akasiyana ekubhadhara sarudzo.
Vanofarira Manga pasi rese vanogona kunakidzwa nekuverenga kwakakwidziridzwa nekuda kwezvinhu zvakaita seyakasviba modhi, inogadziriswa marongero ekuverenga, uye akasiyana zvemukati, pamwe nerutsigiro rwemutauro.
Aya mapuratifomu enharaunda anosimudzira kugovana kwevaverengi uye nhaurirano uku ichikurudzira kubatanidzwa kwevashandisi uye zvikamu zvekutaura.
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