Maitiro ekuvhota echinyakare ane zvimhingamupinyi munzanga yanhasi yakabatana, senjodzi dzekuchengetedza uye nyaya dzejekerere. Kuita online online kuvhota system yakavakirwa blockchain tekinoroji inoita senge mhinduro inogoneka kune izvi zvinonetsa.
Asi, izvozvo zvaizoshanda sei?
Ko blockchain inogona kuvimbisa dhata-inodzivirira data uye kuwedzera chivimbo chevavhoti nekusimudzira hunhu hwe blockchain? Sezvo nzanga inoongorora kuomesesa kwemazuva ano, hurongwa hwakadaro hunogona kudiwa kukurudzira kutora chikamu kwegutsaruzhinji, kugadzirisa maitirwo ekuvhota, uye kuve nechokwadi chekuvimbika kwesarudzo.
Ngationgororei zvakanyanya.
Nhoroondo Diki
Pfungwa yekushandisa blockchain tekinoroji yemasisitimu ekuvhota yakasimuka mukupindura nyaya dziri kuramba dzichikwira dzakasangana nemaitiro ekuvhota echinyakare. Kunetsekana pamusoro pekuchengetedzwa, kubuda pachena, uye kuvimbika kwesarudzo kwakakura sezvo tekinoroji yakawedzera uye nyika yakawedzera kudyidzana.
Izvi zvakakurudzira nyanzvi nemainjiniya kuti vatarise mazano matsva anogona kushandura maitiro ezvematongerwo enyika.
Pfungwa ye blockchain, yakatanga kutsanangurwa muna 2008 nemunhu asingazivikanwe kana boka riri pasi pezita remanyepo Satoshi Nakamoto, yakawana mukurumbira nekuunzwa kweBitcoin muna 2009. Blockchain ingori decentralized, distributed ledger yakachengeteka, tamper-proof, uye pachena inorekodha kutengeserana.
Mavakirwo ayo anobvisa kudiwa kwevepakati uye zviremera zvepakati, zvichiita kuti ive sarudzo yakanakisa yezvikumbiro zvinoda kuvimba uye kusachinjika.
Kubudirira kweBitcoin kwakaratidza simba re blockchain mukutengeserana kwemari, zvichikurudzira vanhu vanofunga mberi kuti vaongorore mashandisirwo ayo mune mamwe maindasitiri, sekuvhota. Mafungiro akakosha eBlockchain, anosanganisira kuendesa matunhu, kutendeseka kwedata, uye maitiro ekubvumirana, akapa mhinduro inogoneka kumatambudziko akareba akatarisana nehurongwa hwekuvhota.
Sezvo nyanzvi uye vanofarira tekinoroji vakatanga kuferefeta mukana weiyo blockchain-yakavakirwa kuvhota system, yakawana traction. Mapepa akati wandei ezvidzidzo uye zvinyorwa zvekutsvagisa zvakatanga kubuda, zvichiongorora mabhenefiti angangodaro uye zvipingamupinyi zvekuisa hurongwa hwakadaro munzvimbo.
Nekuda kweizvozvo, pfungwa yekuvhota pamhepo uchishandisa blockchain yakashanduka kubva kune imwe pfungwa kuenda kune nzira inogoneka yekushandura maitirwo esarudzo.
Mabhenefiti eBlockchain-Based Voting Systems
Imwe yemabhenefiti ekutanga eiyo blockchain-yakavakirwa pamhepo yekuvhota system ndeye kuchengetedzwa kwayo kwemukati uye pachena. Iyo yakagadzika chimiro che blockchain inoreva kuti mavhoti anorekodhwa mune tamper-uchapupu uye isingachinjiki ledger, zvichideredza zvakanyanya mukana wekubira kana kukanganisa.
Kuchengetedzeka kwepamusoro uku kunosimudzira kubuda kwevavhoti kuri nani uye kubatanidzwa nekusimudzira kuvimbana pakati pevavhoti, vesarudzo, nevamwe vane chekuita nesarudzo.
Nzira Dzakasiyana-siyana dzeKushandisa Blockchain Kuita Kuvhota Pamhepo
Kuvhota System Consensus Mechanisms paBlockchain
Kusarudza yakanakisa nzira yekubvumirana ndeimwe yeakanyanya kukosha tekinoroji maficha ekushandisa online kuvhota pane blockchain. Iyo yekubvumirana algorithm yakasarudzwa inokanganisa kuti mavhoti anosimbiswa uye anorekodhwa sei pa blockchain.
Sarudzo mbiri dzinowanzo ferefetwa humbowo hwebasa (PoW) uye humbowo hwesiteki (PoS).
Uchapupu hwebasa (PoW)
Funga nezve Humbowo hweBasa (PoW) kuve makwikwi ekugadzirisa puzzle. Vatori vechikamu (vemigodhi) vanokwikwidza kugadzirisa zvirahwe zvakaoma zvemasvomhu vachishandisa makomputa avo mumutambo uyu. Wekutanga mugodhi kuwana mhinduro kwayo anopihwa mubairo wekuedza kwavo nekuwedzera bhuroka nyowani yekutengeserana kune blockchain.
Kugadzirisa mapuzzle aya kunoda huwandu hwakakosha hwesimba rekugadzirisa, zvichiita kuti zvive zvakaoma kuita.
Kuchengetedzeka kwePoW kunobva pakuti vashandi vemumigodhi vanofanira kushandisa zviwanikwa zvepasi rese kutamba mutambo wekugadzirisa puzzle, sesimba nemakomputa akaomesesa. Kamwe chivharo chaiswa ku blockchain, zvinova zvisingaite zvisingaite kuchinja kana kukanganisa neruzivo rwuri mublock.
Izvi zvinodaro nekuti kushandura chero chinhu chiri mubhuroko chinoda kudzoreredza basa rese rekugadzirisa puzzle kune ese anotevera mabhuroki, izvo zvisingaite.
Humbowo hweBasa (PoW) hwekuvhota: Vavhoti vari muPoW-based online yekuvhota system vanogona kutora chikamu mukugadzirisa kwepuzzle. Vhoti yega yega inogona kutorwa sepikicha, nevavhoti (kana makomputa avo) vachikwikwidza kuigadzirisa.
Anokunda angave wekutanga vhoti iri pamutemo kugadziriswa uye kuwedzerwa ku blockchain. Zvakadaro, PoW haigone kuve sarudzo huru kune masisitimu ekuvhota nekuti ine usimbe, ine simba rakawanda, uye haipe huwandu hunodiwa hwevavhoti.
Uchapupu hweSaka (PoS)
Ngatikurukurei zvino Humbowo hweStake (PoS). Funga nezvePoS senzira yekuvhota umo vatori vechikamu (vamiriri) vane simba rekuvhota rinoenzana nenhamba yezviratidzo zvavanazvo. Validators vanosarudzwa zvisina tsarukano mune ino sisitimu yekuvaka mabhuroko matsva uye kusimbisa kutengeserana.
Iyo yakawanda tokens iyo validator "matanda" kana kukiya kumusoro sechibatiso, zvakanyanya mukana wekuti ivo vanozosarudzwa kuvaka block.
PoS, kusiyana nePoW, haidi kukwikwidza pikicha-kugadzirisa. Validators vanosarudzwa nenzira inofanotaurwa uye inotemerwa, zvichienderana nenhamba yezviratidzo zvavanoda "kubheja" pahurongwa.
Validators vanomanikidzwa kuita vakatendeseka sezvo vachiisa panjodzi yekurasikirwa nematokeni avo akaiswa kana vakaedza kubiridzira kana kushandura sisitimu.
Humbowo hweStake (PoS) yekuvhota: Kazhinji, PoS inokodzera zvirinani masisitimu ekuvhota online. Vavhoti vaisazobatanidzwa mune chero pikicha-kugadzirisa muPoS-yakavakirwa kuvhota system. Pane kudaro, ma validators aizosarudzwa chero nguva zvichienderana nenhamba yematokens avainawo uye nesiteki.
Validators vaizotevera kuvaka uye kuwedzera kune blockchain blocks ine mavhoti akarekodhwa.
Iyi nzira inokurumidza, shoma-yakawanda-simba, uye yakawanda scalable kune nhamba huru yemavhoti. Ose ari maviri PoW nePoS ane zvakanakira nekuipira, uye sarudzo yenzira yekubvumirana inotarwa nehurongwa hwekuvhota pamhepo zvinangwa nezvinangwa.
Vatsvagiri nevagadziri vanogara vachitsvaga nzira nyowani uye zvigadziriso zvekushandisa blockchain tekinoroji kuvaka yakachengeteka, inoshanda, uye yakavimbika online masisitimu ekuvhota.
Kudzivirirwa kwekuvanzika uye chitupa chekuongorora
Kuvhota pamhepo kunoda nzira yekuongorora chitupa yakavimbika uye yakachengeteka. Nzira dzeCryptographic dzinowanzo shandiswa mu blockchain-based kuvhota masisitimu kuti ape pseudonymous asi ari echokwadi kuzivikanwa.
Homomorphic encryption uye zero-zivo zviratidzo inzira dzinogona kuita kuti vavhoti varatidze kukodzera kwavo pasina kuburitsa ruzivo rwemunhu.
Homomorphic Encryption
Homomorphic encryption ndeye yakasimba cryptographic tekinoroji inobvumira computations pane yakavanzika data kuti iitwe pasina kuburitsa izvo zvekutanga data. Izvi zvinoreva kuti vavhoti vanogona kuvharidzira mavhoti avo vasati vaaendesa kune blockchain mumamiriro ekuvhota online.
Mavhoti akachengeteka uye akavanzika kana akavharidzirwa, achivimbisa kuti vhoti chaiyo inoramba yakavanzika.
Kana yasvika nguva yekuverenga mavhoti, mavhoti akavharidzirwa anogona kudhindwa uye kuverengerwa pasina kuburitsa zvaunofarira kuvhota.
Nekuda kwekuti maitiro ekudhirowa anoitika munzvimbo yakachengetedzeka uye yakadzorwa, kuzivikanwa kwemuvhoti uye vhoti chaiyo inoramba iri pachivande, zvichibvisa mukana wekunyengedza mavhoti kana kumanikidza.
ZKPs (Zero-Knowledge Proofs)
Imwe nzira yekrisptographic inoshandiswa mu blockchain-based kuvhota masisitimu kuratidza huchokwadi hwechirevo pasina kuburitsa chero ruzivo nezve chirevo pachacho i zero-ruzivo humbowo.
Panyaya yekuvhota, ZKPs dzinoita kuti vavhoti varatidze kuti vanokodzera kuvhota vasingaburitse ruzivo rwemunhu sekuziva kwavo kana magwaro chaiwo.
Muvhoti, semuenzaniso, anogona kushandisa Zero-Knowledge Proof kuratidza kuti akanyoresa kuvhota asina kuburitsa zita rake, kero, kana rumwe ruzivo rwakadzama. Magwaro aya anoratidza kuti muvhoti anokodzera kuvhota pasina kukanganisa kuvanzika kwavo.
Nekushandisa maZKPs, vavhoti vanokwanisa kupinda muchirongwa chekuvhota vaine chivimbo, vachiziva kuti ivo vakachengetedzwa uye kuti mavhoti avo averengwa zvakachengeteka.
Mune blockchain-yakavakirwa online ekuvhota masisitimu, musanganiswa weHomomorphic encryption uye Zero-Knowledge Proofs inopa hwaro hwakasimba hwekuchengetedza kuvanzika uye chitupa chekuziva.
Vanovhota vanokwanisa kuvhota vasingazivikanwe, uye mazita avo anochengetedzwa kuti asaonekwe. Panguva imwe cheteyo, varongi vesarudzo vanogona kuona kuti vavhoti vanokodzera here pasina kuwana ruzivo rwemunhu wese, vachivimbisa kutendeseka uye kuva pamutemo kwehurongwa hwegutsaruzhinji.
Aya maitiro e-cryptographic akakosha mukuita kuti vanhu vavimbe uye vavimbe mumasisitimu ekuvhota epamhepo, zvichiita kuti dzisanyanya kutyisidzira zvinogona kuitika uye kuve nechokwadi chekusazivikanwa kwemutori wechikamu wega wega.
Zvibvumirano Zvakangwara zveMitemo Yekuvhota
Mitemo yemaitiro ekuvhota inogona kutsanangurwa kuburikidza neakangwara zvibvumirano, yega-yekuita kodhi yakaiswa pane blockchain. Zvibvumirano izvi zvingave nekugona kuita nzira dzekuvhota dzakadai sekutanga nekupedza nguva dzekuvhota, kuronga mavhoti, uye kuzivisa vakundi otomatiki.
Masisitimu ekuvhota epamhepo anogona kuitwa akazvimirira uye pachena nekushandisa zvibvumirano zvine hungwaru, izvo zvinobvisa kudiwa kwekupindira kwevanhu uye kugona kunyengedza.
Maitiro ekuvhota otomatiki
Zvibvumirano zveSmart zvinoita kuti zvikwanise kuita otomatiki mamwe maitiro ekuvhota. Kana yangoiswa pa blockchain, zvibvumirano zvakangwara zvinogona kutsanangura uye kusimbisa mitemo yekuvhota. Vanogona kuvhura nekuvhara otomatiki nguva dzekuvhota, vachiona kuti kuvhota kunoitika chete panguva yakatarwa.
Uyezve, zvibvumirano zvehungwaru zvinogona kuratidza kuti munhu anokodzera kuvhota, zvichiita kuti vanhu vakanyoresa uye vane mvumo chete vavhote.
Transparent uye Tamper-Resistant Records
Kuitwa kwezvibvumirano zvehungwaru mumasisitimu ekuvhota epamhepo kunopa marekodhi ekuvhota pachena uye kusachinjika. Vhuti yega yega yakakandwa inorekodhwa sekutengeserana pa blockchain uye yakachengetedzwa zvakachengeteka.
Kana vhoti yawedzerwa ku blockchain, haigone kuchinjwa kana kubviswa, zvichikonzera nhoroondo yekuvhota yakajeka uye inotarisika. Kujeka uku kunogona kukurudzira kuvimbana pakati pevavhoti, vanokwikwidza, uye vamwe vane chekuita nekuvabvumira kuti vaone vakazvimirira kuti sarudzo ndeipi.
Kubvisa Vanopindirana
Zvibvumirano zveSmart zvinoshanda zvakaganhurwa, pasina chikonzero chevamiriri kana zviremera zvepakati. Iyi yakananga peer-to-peer maitiro inorerutsa maitiro ekuvhota nekudzikisira mari yekutonga uye zvinogona kukonzera kutadza kana kunyengedza.
Vavhoti vanogona kuita zvakanangana nechibvumirano chakangwara, uye mitemo yekondirakiti inovimbisa kuti nzira yekuvhota yakanaka uye yakachengeteka.
Hybrid Scalability Solutions
Mukuenzanisa neyakajairwa centralized masisitimu, blockchain inogona kunonoka uye kushoma scalable nekuda kwekusachinjika kwayo uye nzira dzekubvumirana. MaHybrid solutions ari kuongororwa kuti akunde chirambidzo ichi.
Kunzwisisa Hybrid Scalability
Chinangwa cheiyo hybrid scalability mhinduro ndeyekubatanidza mabhenefiti e blockchain tekinoroji ne-off-chain kana subsidiary-cheni mapuroteni kuti uwedzere transaction throughput uchichengetedza chengetedzo uye pachena.
Idzi mhinduro dzinoedza kuwana chiyero pakati peiyo blockchain's decentralized character uye kudiwa kwekukurumidza kugadzirisa mitengo, zvichiita kuti ive yakakodzera kune makuru-scale application senge online online system yekuvhota.
Off-Chain Voting Protocols
Maitiro ekuvhota anogona kuitwa off-cheni mune hybrid scalability masisitimu. Off-chain kuvhota masisitimu anosanganisira nhengo kuvhota pasina kunyatsorekodha vhoti yega yega pane main blockchain.
Mavhoti panzvimbo pacho anounganidzwa uye anogadziriswa pamusoro petiweki yakaparadzana kana protocol inogona kubata yakakura vhoriyamu yekushanda nekukurumidza.
Mumamiriro ezvinhu aya, pane kurekodha vhoti yega yega, blockchain inoshanda seyekupedzisira uye ine mvumo sosi yekuzivisa zvabuda. Iyi nzira inodzikisa iyo computational dhizaini pane iyo huru blockchain, ichibvumira hukuru scalability.
Subsidiary Cheni dzekuvhota
Imwe nzira yakasanganiswa ndeyekugadzira macheni anotsigira akazvipira zvachose kuvhota. Aya macheni anotsigira akabatana neiyo huru blockchain asi shandisa yakasarudzika nzira dzekubvumirana uye mitemo inokodzera kuvhota kutengeserana.
The chikuru blockchain's scalability inovandudzwa nekupatsanura mabasa ane chekuita nekuvhota pamaketani anotsigira. Macheni anotsigira anogona kubata traffic yekuvhota zvakanyanya, zvichikonzera kukurumidza kugadzirisa nguva yehurongwa hwese hwekuvhota.
Anchoring Mhedzisiro paMain Blockchain
Zvisinei neiyo hybrid scalability sarudzo yakashandiswa, maitiro ekuvhota ekupedzisira mhedzisiro yakamira zvakachengeteka pane iyo huru blockchain. Izvi zvinovimbisa kuti zvabuda musarudzo ndezvechokwadi uye zviri pachena.
Iwo macheni anotsigira, kana ma-off-chain protocols, ari kutungamira nekukurumidza kugadzirisa mavhoti uye kuverenga mhinduro, nepo blockchain huru ichiita seyakachengeteka uye isingachinjike ledger yekurekodha mhinduro dzesarudzo dzekupedzisira.
Musanganiswa uyu unochengetedza mabhenefiti ekuchengetedza blockchain uye decentralization uchigadzirisa scalability nyaya.
Dzidzo Yevavhoti uye Kushandiswa
Blockchain-yakavakirwa online kuvhota inoda kugadzirisa mushandisi dzidzo uye usability nyaya.
Muvhoti akajairwa haakwanise kunyatso nzwisisa blockchain tekinoroji.
Naizvozvo, kugadzira mushandisi-ushamwari mushandisi nzvimbo uye kupa zvinhu zvekudzidzisa zvinova zvakakosha. Pamusoro pezvo, kugadzira mawebhusaiti-ane hushamwari pawebhu kana maapplication anogona kuvandudza kuwanikwa uye kukurudzira kutora chikamu kwevavhoti.
Independent Auditing uye Transparency
Kujeka uye kusachinjika kwe blockchain tekinoroji inogona kubatsira kuvimbisa chokwadi chezvabuda musarudzo. Vaongorori vakazvimiririra vanogona kuongorora iyo blockchain's transaction nhoroondo kuti vaone kunaka kwemaitiro ekuvhota.
Vavhoti, vanovhota, uye masangano anodzora vanowana kuvimbana kwakawedzerwa nekudaro, vachiwedzera mwero wavo wekusimbisa mukusarerekera kwehurongwa hwekuvhota.
Mhedziso: Kumbundira Blockchain yeRamangwana reDemocracy
Maitiro ekuvhota echinyakare ane zvimhingamupinyi munzanga yanhasi ine network, kusanganisira njodzi dzekuchengetedza uye nyaya dzejekerere. Kuita blockchain-yakavakirwa online yekuvhota system inopa mhinduro inoshanda kune izvi zvinonetsa.
Nekushandisa hunhu uye husingachinjiki hwe blockchain, sisitimu yakadai inogona kuve nechokwadi chekusagadzikana kwedata uye kuwedzera chivimbo chevavhoti, zvichikurudzira kutora chikamu kwedemocracy, kukurumidza kuvhota, uye kuve nechokwadi chekuvimbika kwesarudzo.
Sezvo nzanga iri kunetsekana nematambudziko emazuva ano, blockchain-based online kuvhota masisitimu anopa nzira inomanikidza yekumberi.
Tinogona kugadzira ramangwana iro kutora chikamu kwedemocracy kunowedzerwa, kuvimba nemaitiro esarudzo kunosimbiswa, uye zvibodzwa zvakakosha zvedemocracy zvinotsigirwa nekuvimbika uye pachena nekumbundira mikana inopihwa neblockchain tekinoroji.
Nzira yekutora blockchain-yakavakirwa masisitimu ekuvhota ichiri kuenderera mberi, uye kwakawanda kudzidza nekubatana kuchadikanwa kuti uone kugona kwakazara kweiyi tekinoroji inovhiringidza mukutsanangura ramangwana redemokrasi.
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