Zviri Mukati[Viga][Ratidza]
Paunenge uchitora raibhurari yesoftware kana chimiro, chiitiko chemugadziri chinowanzo fungwa.
Kana ndataura nezve “ruzivo rwemugadziri,” ndiri kureva kuti vanogadzira basa vanonyatsoita sei basa. Vagadziri vanosarudza maraibhurari kana marongero anonakidza kushandisa.
Ichi ndicho chimwe chezvikonzero zvakakosha nei isu tava nemaraibhurari ane mukurumbira uye masisitimu. Sevagadziri, isu hatifanirwe kutanga kubva mukutanga kana paine maturusi aripo akagadzirwa kutibatsira nemabasa edu.
Maframework zvimedu zvesoftware zvinogadzirwa uye zvinoshandiswa nevagadziri kugadzira maapplication, uye NextJS imwe yacho.
Mune ino post, tichaenda pamusoro peNextjs, ayo akakosha maficha, uye mashandisiro atingaita iwo kuvaka application. Ngatisvetukira mukati.
Chii chinonzi Next.js?
Inotevera.js iJavaScript chimiro chekukurumidza uye nyore kuvaka mapeji ewebhu uye React-based online application. Iyo inokutendera iwe kugadzira makuru eWebhu maapplication eakasiyana mapuratifomu, anosanganisira Windows, Linux, uye Mac.
Iwe unofanirwa kujairana neNext.js framework kana uine ruzivo rushoma nezve react uye uchida kudzidza zvakawanda nezve react ecosystem.
Kunyangwe Next.js ichiuya nezvose zvaunoda kuti utange, unogona kusarudza pakati peNPM neYarn, JavaScript neTypeScript, CSS neSCSS, static export, uye serverless deployment.
Features
- Kufambisa kunoitwa otomatiki - Haufanire kugadzirisa chero chinhu nekuti chero URL yakamisikidzwa kune iyo faira system, kune mafaera ari mumapeji folda (une maitiro ekugadzirisa, hongu).
- Zvikamu zveFaira Rimwechete - Zviri nyore kuwedzera masitaera akaiswa kuchikamu uchishandisa styled-jsx, iyo yakanyatsobatanidzwa uye inogadzirwa nechikwata chimwe chete.
- Reloading a Hot Code - Kana Next.js inoona shanduko yakachengetwa ku diski, inoisazve peji.
- Dynamic Zvikamu - Unogona kurodha zvine simba JavaScript module uye React Zvikamu.
- Static zvinotengeswa kunze kwenyika - Next.js inokutendera kuti utumire kunze saiti yakanyatsomira kubva kuapp yako neinotevera kutumira kunze kwekuraira.
- Kuenderana neNzvimbo - Next.js inobatanidza zvisina musono neJavaScript, Node, uye React ecosystems.
- Kuparadzanisa Makodhi otomatiki - Maraibhurari chete uye JavaScript inodiwa ndiyo inoshandiswa kupa mapeji. Panzvimbo pekugadzira faira rimwe chete reJavascript rine kodhi yese yeapp, Next.js inopatsanura app zvine hungwaru kuita zviwanikwa zvakawanda.
Nzira yekugadzira inotevera.js application?
kugadzwa
Unogona kushandisa node npx command kuisa nekuvaka Next.js project.
Izvi zvinogadzira dhairekitori uye mafaera ese, zvigadziriso, uye zvimwe zvinhu zvinodiwa kuti uite chirongwa cheNext.js.
Unogona kuvhura iyo app kana yagadzirwa.
Mapeji & Routing
Kubata nzira neNext.js, isu hatifanire kushandisa nzira yekufambisa. Kufambisa neNext.js imhepo yekugadzirisa. Paunoshandisa murairo wekugadzira-inotevera-app kuvaka purogiramu itsva yeNext.js, purogiramu inogadzira folda inonzi 'mapeji' nekukasira.
Iyi 'mapeji' folda ndipo paunochengetedza nzira dzako. Nekuda kweizvozvo, yega yega inobata zvikamu faira mune subdirectory ichabatwa senzira yakaparadzana.
Semuenzaniso, kana iyo folda ine iwo mafaera:
- index.js
- about.js
- aricles.js
Iyi faira ichashandurwa otomatiki munzira nhatu:
- Iyo index peji localhost/index
- The about peji localhost/ about
- Iyo blog peji localhost/zvinyorwa
Muenzaniso wepeji ye about.js inoratidzwa pazasi. Hapana chinopihwa nezve peji, sezvauri kuona. Ingori yakajairwa React inoshanda chikamu.
Routes
Kuti ugadzire nzira dzakaiswa matendere, unofanira kutanga wagadzira diki folda. Semuenzaniso: mapeji/zvinyorwa. Gadzira yako 'contact.js' react component mukati meiyo folda, uye ichagadzira iyo peji localhost/articles/contact.
Kana ukaisa imwe faira mumapeji/articles.js uye imwe mumapeji/articles/index.js. Ose ari maviri anoratidza nzira imwechete localhost/blog. Mumamiriro ezvinhu aya, Next.js ichangopa iyo article.js file. Zvakadini nezve nzira dzine simba, umo imwe neimwe blog post ine nzira yayo:
- localhost/blog/first-article
- localhost/blog/-yechipiri-chinyorwa
Uchishandisa mabhuraketi notation, unogona kutsanangura nzira ine simba muNext.js. Semuenzaniso: mapeji/chinyorwa/[slug].js
Link Routes
Wapedza nzira yako yekutanga. Ndiri kufungidzira kuti urikubvunza nzira yekubatanidza mapeji kune iwo nzira. Iwe unozoda 'inotevera/link' kuti uite kudaro.
Heino muenzaniso wepeji yekumba inosanganisira chinongedzo kune About peji:
Kana iwe uchida kugadzira chinongedzo, shandisa inotevera syntax:
Redirect Makwara
Ko kana iwe uchida kumanikidza redirect kune imwe peji? Semuenzaniso, kana bhatani rikadzvanywa? Unogona kuita izvi nekushandisa 'router.push':
SEO
Mapeji muwebhu maapplication anoda meta (musoro) zvinhu kuwedzera kune data mukati meiyo HTML muviri. Izvi zvinozoda kuiswa kwechimwe chinodiwa chinonzi React Helmet muReact Application.
Tinogona kushandisa Musoro wechikamu kubva kunotevera/musoro muInotevera kuti tiwedzere nyore metadata kumapeji edu ewebhu ayo anozoratidzwa mumhedzisiro yekutsvaga uye embeds:
zvinoriumba
Iwe unozowanzoda kugadzira zvikamu kana faira rekugadzirisa. Semuenzaniso, chikamu chinoshandura navbar. Tichangobva kushandisa folda yemapeji kusvika parizvino. Ko kana chikamu chako chisingarevi kuve peji renzira?
Iwe haudi kuti mushandisi afambe achienda kune peji senge localhost/navbar. Kana ukaisa chikamu cheNavbar.js mufodhi yemapeji, ndizvo zvichaitika. Chii chaunofanira kuita mumamiriro ezvinhu?
Ingo chengetedza zvese zvako 'kwete peji' zvikamu mune yakaparadzana folda. Zvizhinji zveNext.js mapurojekiti anoshandisa moniker 'zvikamu,' uye iyi folda inogadzirwa mumudzi folda yepurojekiti yako.
Musoro chikamu
Peji yekutanga kurodha inopihwa neNext.js pane server-side. Inoita izvi nekugadzirisa iyo HTML yepeji rako. Chikamu chemusoro chinosanganisirwa.
The Next.js Musoro chikamu chinoshandiswa kupa misoro chikamu tags semusoro uye meta. Chikamu cheMusoro chinoshandiswa mumuenzaniso uyu wechikamu cheLayout.
Gadzira 404 peji haina kuwanikwa
Zvinogoneka kugadzira yako wega 404 kukanganisa peji. Iwe unogona kuda kugadzirisa meseji kana kuwedzera yako wega peji dhizaini. Muforodha yemapeji, gadzira iyo 404.js faira.
Kana 404 kukanganisa kwaitika, Next.js inozotungamira otomatiki kune ino peji. Heino muenzaniso weyakasarudzika 404 peji:
Kutora data kubva kune server-side
Panzvimbo yekurodha data kudivi remutengi, Next.js inobvumidza iwe kuitisa yekutanga data nhamba, izvo zvinoreva kutumira peji ine data yatove nevanhu kubva kuseva.
Iwe une sarudzo mbiri dzekushandisa server-side data kutora:
- Data inofanira kutorwa pachikumbiro chega chega.
- Tora chete data kamwe panguva yese yekuvaka (static saiti)
Tora data pachikumbiro chega chega
Iyo getServerSideProps nzira inoshandiswa kune server-side kupa chikumbiro chega chega. Iri basa rinogona kuverengerwa pakupera kwechikamu chako faira. Next.js inozongozadza maprops echikamu chako neGetServerSideProps chinhu kana basa iri riripo muchikamu chako faira.
Tora data panguva yekuvaka
Iyo getStaticProps nzira inoshandiswa kupa server-side panguva yekuvaka. Iri basa rinogona kuverengerwa pakupera kwechikamu chako faira. Iyi nzira inomhanyisa sevha kodhi uye inotumira chikumbiro cheGET kune sevha, asi kamwe chete kana chirongwa chedu chapera.
Sei uchifanira kudzidza Next.js?
Chimwe chezvikonzero zveizvi ndechekuti Next.js yakavakirwa pamusoro peReact, yekumberi-yekupedzisira yekuvandudza Toolkit ye. kugadzira mushandisi interface ndiyo yandinofarira sarudzo yekugadzira mawebhusaiti.
Asi zvaisazokwana kana Next.js isina kunaka pane zvayaiita… handiti?
Saka, chii chaizvo chainoita?
Tinofanira kutanga tatsanangura pfungwa shoma kuti tizvinzwisise. Next.js yakawana mukurumbira nekuti yakagadzirisa dambudziko raive nevagadziri vewebhu vazhinji neclient-side web apps (mubrowser). Aya maSingle-Peji Zvishandiso (SPAs) aive nechiitiko chiri nani sezvo vaisada mushandisi kurodha peji uye kubvumidzwa kune mamwe kudyidzana.
Nekudaro, nekuti kuwanda kwezvinhu zviri muapp seizvi zvinongoonekwa chete kana zvaitwa mubrowser, vanokambaira pawebhu vane nguva yakaoma kunzwisisa zvinyorwa zveapp yakadai.
Nekuda kweizvozvo, kunyangwe mukurumbira wavo, maSPA mazhinji akaramba asingazivikanwe kumainjini makuru ekutsvaga akadai seGoogle. Next.js ikozvino inosanganisira yakasimba yakavakirwa-mukati meshini ye server-side rendering (SSR) yeReact components.
Next.js inobvumira vanogadzira kuvaka JavaScript kodhi pane sevha panguva yekuvaka uye kupa yakakosha, indexable HTML kumushandisi.
zvayakanakira
- Yakanakira mushandisi-ruzivo
- Yakanakira SEO
- Vaka iyo yepamusoro-yekukurumidza static webhusaiti inoita kunge ine simba
- Kuchinjika mukuvaka UI & UX.
- Mabhenefiti mazhinji ebudiriro
- Rutsigiro rwakakura rwenharaunda
nezvayakaipira
- Mawebhusaiti kana maapplication ane imwe nguva yenguva yekuvaka kana kugadzira.
- Kune mamwe mabasa, Next.js haina kukwana. Vagadziri vanofanira kukwanisa kugadzira nzira dzine simba vachishandisa Node.js zvishandiso.
mhedziso
Sezvauri kuona, Next.js inorerutsa React app budiriro uye inokutendera kuti utarise pane zvinonyanya kukosha - yako app logic uye UI. Inosanganisira zvese zvinodiwa kugadzira zvazvino, zvemberi-zvakapfuma uye API-powered maapplication.
Izvo zvakakodzerawo kune zvemukati-chete mapurojekiti, akadai semablog uye bhizinesi mawebhusaiti, nekuda kwekugona kwayo kuvaka static mapeji eHTML.
Nezvinyorwa zvemazuva ano, Next.js haingochengetedzi ruzivo rwepamusoro rwemugadziri asiwo inopa maturusi ekuwedzera maitiro ekuona uye ruzivo rwevashandisi, kuve nechokwadi cheramangwana rakajeka regadziriro iyi.
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