Zviri Mukati[Viga][Ratidza]
Elon Musk anozivikanwa zvikuru nekuda kwezviroto zvake zvekutanga maroketi kuMars, mota dzemagetsi marobhoti dzichichera nzira pasi pevhu, uye tekinoroji yekushandisa nepfungwa dzedu. Zvinoda kuronga kwakawanda kuti nyika yaanofungidzira mumusoro make ive chokwadi.
Funga nezve mukana wekukwanisa kudzora michina neuropi hwedu chete. Hatifungi kuti pfungwa yacho yakaipa sezvatinofunga kuti ndiyo.
Musk akatanga Neuralink, kambani yeneural tech, muna 2016 nechinangwa chekutanga chekuwana symbiosis ne. chakagadzirwa njere uye kugadzira sisitimu inobvumira kusanganisa neAI.
Alim Louis Benabid, kune rumwe rutivi, ane simba repasi rose pakugadzira Deep Brain Stimulation yechirwere cheParkinson uye mamwe matambudziko ekufamba.
Iwe unogona kunge uchinetseka kuti sei ndiri kutaura nezve Neuralink uye Deep Brain Stimulation. Pfungwa iri shure kwavo yakafanana pakuti vanodyara machipisi mumisoro yedu uye vanotipa kutonga kuburikidza neAI.
Tichatarisa Neuralink uye Deep Brain Stimulation mune ino post, kusanganisira mashandiro avanoita, zvavanoshandiswa, misiyano mikuru, njodzi, uye zvakanakira nezvayakaipira zveumwe neumwe.
Saka sunga bhanhire uye gadzirira rwendo rwemusango, ruzivo.
Chii chinonzi Neuralink?
Neuralink tekinoroji, kunyanya Brain-Machine Interface, inozoiswa muuropi hwako mukuvhiya, ichikubvumidza kuti ubatane nekudzora michina.
Ichabatsirawo mukudzidza kwemagetsi emagetsi muuropi uye kugadzira mishonga kune dzakasiyana nyaya dzekurapa.
Iyo Neuralink chipset, inozivikanwa seN1 chipset, ichaiswa mudehenya, iri 8mm muhupamhi uye inosanganisira akati wandei tambo dzine maelectrodes uye insulation yewaya.
Tambo idzi dzinozopinzwa mukati meuropi hwako nerobhoti.
Sekureva kwebhizinesi, waya dzakakora 100 micrometer uye dzakakora sema neuron ari muuropi. Midziyo yakawanda inogona kuiswa mukati medehenya kuti inange nzvimbo dzakasiyana dzehuropi.
Sei kushanda?
Rangarira firimu rekuita The Matrix kubva kuma1990? Rangarira nzira iyo Neo (Keanu Reeves) anodzidza martial arts nekungoisa purogiramu yekombuta muuropi hwake?
Kunyange zvazvo Neuralink isingazokwanisi kutidzidzisa martial arts, ichakwanisa kutumira uye kugamuchira mafungiro emagetsi kuburikidza neuropi kushandisa michina.
Kuti tinzwisise kuti Neuralink inoshanda sei, tinofanira kutanga tanzwisisa kuti uropi hwedu hunoendesa ruzivo kumatunhu akasiyana-siyana emuviri wako kuburikidza neuroni; idzi neuron dziri muuropi hwako dzinodyidzana kuti dziumbe network hombe uye kutaurirana nemasaini emakemikari anozivikanwa semaurotransmitters.
Kudyidzana uku kunobudisa munda wemagetsi, watinogona kunyora nekuisa ma electrode pedyo.
Aya maelectrode anogona kubva aongorora masaini emagetsi muuropi hwedu uye oaendesa mune algorithm iyo muchina unogona kududzira. Neuralink ichakwanisa kuverenga pfungwa dzedu uye kugadzira nzira yekuti titaurirane nemichina pasina kumbovhura miromo yedu.
Chinangwa cheN1 chip kutora uye kukonzeresa spikes dzemagetsi mukati mehuropi hwedu. Isu tichagona zvakare kugona matarenda matsva nerubatsiro rwehunyanzvi application.
Chii chinonzi Deep Brain Stimulation?
Yakadzika Brain Kukurudzira (DBS) mushonga wetsinga unoshandisa kurudziro yemagetsi kurapa zvirwere zvakaita sehosha yeParkinson (PD), kudengenyeka kwakakosha, uye multiple sclerosis. DBS inoshandiswa kugadzirisa nyaya dzekufamba dzakaita sekudedera, kuoma musoro, kuoma kufamba, uye kufamba kweusimbe.
Nepo DBS isingakwanisi kurapa zvirwere zvakawanda, inogona kuderedza zviratidzo uye kuderedza huwandu hwemishonga inodiwa.
Kukanganisa kwemagetsi emagetsi muzvikamu zvehuropi zvinotonga kufamba zvinoburitsa zviratidzo zvine chekuita nekufamba muchirwere cheParkinson uye zvimwe zvirwere zvetsinga.
DBS haina mhedzisiro yakaipa pahuropi tishu. Pane kudaro, inodzvinyirira mafungiro asina kururama anokonzera kudedera uye zvimwe zviratidzo zvekufamba.
Sei kushanda?
Maelectrodes anoiswa munzvimbo chaiyo yeuropi zvichienderana nezviratidzo zviri kurapwa neDeep Brain Stimulation. Kupinzwa kunoitwa nemaburi madiki pamusoro pedehenya kumativi ese eruboshwe nekurudyi kweuropi.
Maelectrodes akabatanidzwa nebhatiri-powered stimulator pasi peganda rechipfuva netambo refu dzinofamba pasi peganda dzichidzika muhuro. Kana yaitwa, iyo inosimudzira inoburitsa mapurusi emagetsi anovhiringa zvisizvo zviratidzo zvetsinga zvinokonzera kudedera, kuoma, uye zvimwe zviratidzo.
DBS system inoumbwa nezvikamu zvitatu zvakaiswa mukati memuviri:
- A neurostimulator bhatiri-powered pacemaker mudziyo unogadzira magetsi emagetsi. Inopinzwa muganda rechipfuva, pazasi pecollarbone, kana mudumbu.
- Lead - waya yakavharwa ine maelectrodes akawanda kumuromo inotumira mapurusi emagetsi kumatishu ehuropi. Inopinzwa muuropi uye inobatanidzwa netambo yekuwedzera kuburikidza nekaburi kadiki mudehenya.
- Kuwedzeredza iwaya inobatanidza lead kune neurostimulator. Inopinzwa pasi peganda ichienda kubva mumusoro ichienda panzeve, ichidzika muhuro, ichinopinda muchipfuva.
Iyo DBS system inobatidzwa nekudzimwa nemurwere achishandisa mudziyo unotakurika. Chiremba anoronga marongero ekusimudzira achishandisa mudziyo usina waya.
Sezvo mamiriro emurwere achisiyana nekufamba kwenguva, stimulation parameters inogona kuchinjwa. DBS haikuvadze matishu ehuropi semamwe maitiro sepallidotomy kana thalamotomy.
Ndeupi musiyano uripo pakati peNeuralink uye Deep Brain Stimulation (DBS)?
Uchitaura pamusiyano uripo pakati peNeuralink uye Deep Brain Stimulation, funga zvinotevera:
- Neuralink mudziyo unoshandisa maelectrode madiki akati wandei kuita kuti uropi hushande. Inoiswa zvakananga mu subcutaneous tissue yedehenya. Nekune rimwe divi, DBS mazuvano ine maelectrode maviri akaiswa munzvimbo dzakadzika dzehuropi, tambo dzekuwedzera dzinobatanidza maelectrode aya kune chikuru bhatiri mudziyo, uye zvemagetsi zvinogadzirwa nemuviri webhatiri.
- Electrode component inoiswa muuropi uye inobatanidzwa nebhatiri, iro riri mu subcutaneous layer pamusoro pembabvu, kuburikidza netambo dzekuwedzera. Iyo yese maitiro inoitwa pasi peanesthetic yemuno, uye varwere vanoramba vakamuka, senge neNeuralink tekinoroji.
- Mumwe musiyano ndewekuti Neuralink tekinoroji gadget inoda recharging maawa makumi maviri nemana ega ega. DBS inoda kuchaja mavhiki ega ega 24-1, uye hupenyu hwebhatiri hwakatenderedza makore 2-20.
Neuralink inopa marapirwo ari nani pane Deep Brain Stimulation?
Sekureva kwemumwe mainjiniya eNeuralink ari muboka rekuona neuroscience, tekinoroji iyi ine mukana wekuunza prosthesis yekuona kune avo vanotambura retinal kukuvara kana upofu nekuda kwekukuvara kweziso.
Pfungwa iyi ndeyekuisa kamera yakananga mukati meiyo cortex yekuona uye kumisikidza mhatsa huru yezviuru, kana asiri makumi ezviuru, emaelectrodes kuti aitezve mufananidzo unooneka.
Mune ramangwana, tekinoroji imwechete inogona kushandiswa kugadzira imwe mhando yemusoro-kumusoro kuratidza. Globe rinogona kuonwa pamasaisai akawanda akadai seultraviolet, infrared, uye radar. Kuti uve nemaziso epamusoro-soro, zvese zvaunofanira kuita ndezvekuona frequency yavo uye nekushandura ine simba sensor.
Kune rimwe divi, DBS inowanzobatsira kumapoka matatu e Chirwere chePalinson varwere:
- Ndivanaani vane zviratidzo zvinobata zvine mutsindo kumishonga asi vachishingirira kuchinja kukuru kwemota uye dyskinesias mushure mekupera kwemishonga, kunyangwe kuchinjwa kwemishonga.
- Nekudedera kusingadzoreki uyo asina kupindura kumishonga.
- Nezviratidzo zvekufamba, ndiani anogona kubatsirwa kubva kune yakakura kana yakawanda kazhinji kurapwa dosages asi vasingakwanise kuzviita nekuda kwemhedzisiro yakaipa.
Oscilloscopes ipai ruzivo rwekuona nezve akadhindwa edunhu mabhodhi (PCBs). Saizvozvowo, iyo Neuralink gadget inogona kupa chiedza pane zvakasiyana-siyana zvehuropi. “Somugumisiro wokushandisa unyanzvi uhwu, unoguma wava kudzidza zvakawanda pamusoro pokushanda kunoita uropi,” anodaro mutsvakurudzi wacho.
Dystonia Chirwere chisingawanzo kufamba, asi zviratidzo zvacho - maitiro asina kunaka uye kumonyoroka - zvinogona kurapwa neDBS kana mishonga ikatadza kupa zororo rakakura. Mhinduro yemunhu kuDBS inotarirwa neiyo inokonzeresa etiology ye dystonia, iyo inogona kunge iri nhaka, zvinodhaka-induced, kana imwe mamiriro.
Kana chikonzero chisingazivikanwe, chiremba anogona kuraira mimwe miedzo sechikamu cheDBS workup.
Zvino funga a remangwana risina zvirwere mauri kuziva zvichaitika kwauri zvisati zvaitika, zvichikutendera kuti uzvidzivirire nehunyanzvi uhu. Tichakwanisa kuona makemikari emakemikari muuropi pamwe chete nemagetsi emagetsi, zvichitibvumira kudzivirira zvirwere zvisati zvaitika.
Kune rumwe rutivi, dambudziko rinowanzoitika rekufamba ndere kudedera kwakakosha, uye DBS inogona kuva kurapa kunobatsira, kunyanya mumamiriro ezvinhu akaoma apo kuzununguka kunogona kukanganisa, kukanganisa mabasa ezuva nezuva akadai sekupfeka, kushambidzika, kudya, kana kunwa.
DBS inogona kusimudzira hupenyu hwevanhu uye kuita kuti vashande nemazvo nekuti kudedera ndicho chiratidzo chega chekudengenyeka kwakakosha.
Tiri vanhu uye ndangariro dzinopera nekufamba kwenguva. Vanotsiviwa, uye nyaya dzavo dzinogadziridzwa. Nokufamba kwemakore, shanduro yekutanga haichawanikwi. Iyo pfungwa yendangariro dzinoshanda sechipo semumhanzi, munhu anogona kudzokera kumashure munguva uye achinje manzwiro ekufamba.
Uye chekupedzisira, tsvagiridzo yazvino inoratidza kuti vanhu vakaonekwa vaine kusuruvara, kuora mwoyo-kusagadzikana kwepfungwa (OCD), kana Tourette chirwere inogona kubatsirwa nekuvhiyiwa kweDBS.
Ivo vese vanoita sevanovimbisa, asi Neuralink haizotanga kuyedzwa kwevanhu kusvika pakupera kwa2021, nepo DBS ine mwero mukuru webudiriro uye iri kuedzwawo pavanhu.
Vanhu vanopfuura 150,000 pasi rose vakagamuchira DBS yeParkinson's kana kudedera, vaine 95% wokurarama.
Ndezvipi zvinhu zvine njodzi zvine chekuita neNeuralink vs DBS?
Hackers, avo vari vanhu kana mapoka anoshandira masangano akasiyana-siyana, anopa kutyisidzira kuri pachena kune Neuralink.
Kubuda ropa muuropi, utachiona hwehuropi, kuiswa kwakashata (kukanganisa) kweDBS inotungamira, uye kushoma pane kwakakodzera kuiswa (suboptimal kuiswa) kwevanotungamira matambudziko ese ekuvhiya.
Nepo makomputa ane hutachiona anogona kuve nenjodzi zvakanyanya, isu tinowanzo kuve nesarudzo yekudzima kana kuvhara hwindo kana zvese zvikatadza. Kana mudziyo wakasimwa neuralink ukabatwa ne adware kana utachiwana, zvichava zvakanyanya kuoma kudzima.
Hardware nyaya zvinosanganisira kutungamirira kufamba, kutadza kutungamirira, kukundikana kwechimwe chikamu cheDBS system, uye kusagadzikana kwakatenderedza pulse generator device. Panogona zvakare kuve nekutadza kwebhatiri, kutapukira kwakatenderedza mudziyo, uye mudziyo unopwanya ganda sezvo ukobvu hweganda uye mafuta layer zvichisiyana nezera.
Imwe nyaya yakasimudzwa na kushandiswa zvisirizvo kana kushandiswa zvisirizvo kweNeuralink tekinoroji (uye chero kufungidzira kukwikwidza uropi-makombiyuta interfaces) mukana wevanhu vane vavariro dzakanaka asi vakarasika.
Panguva yeDBS programming stage, matambudziko ane chekuita nekukurudzira zvinoitika muvarwere vose.
Kufamba kusingatarisirwi (dyskinesia), kutonhora (tsoka dzinoita sechando pasi), kuderera kwekuenzanisa uye kufamba, kuoma kwekutaura, kusununguka kwetsandanyama kusinganzwisisiki, kupera uye kurira (paresthesia), uye kuona kaviri zvose zvinowanzoitika zvakashata (diplopia).
Kana chigadzirwa chacho chikagadziridzwa, izvi zvakashata zvinogadziriswa.
Zvakanaka, zvese Neuralink neDBS zvine njodzi dzakasiyana. Tinogona kuve pachena nezveDBS nekuti vanhu vazhinji pasi rese vakaishandisa kurapa zvirwere zvavo. Kune rumwe rutivi, Neuralink miedzo yevanhu haisati yatanga, asi zvinonetsa zvatakakurukura zvinofanira kufungwa.
Neuralink Advantages
- Zvimwe zvezvinonyanya kutarisirwa neuralink mabhenefiti zvinosanganisira kugona kuporesa mitezo, kurapa hurwere hwepfungwa, kuridza mimhanzi mumusoro mako, nekuvandudza mararamiro ako ekuona nekunzwa.
- NeNeuralink chip, unogona kukwanisa kudhawunirodha hunyanzvi uye rumwe ruzivo muuropi hwako ipapo.
- Neuralink yakaratidza basa rayo munguruve nhatu kuburikidza ne 'kubatana.' Kuedza uku kunoratidza kuti mushure mekudyara chip muuropi hwechisikwa chipenyu, chisikwa chinoshanda zvakanaka. Zvinokwanisikawo kubvisa chinhu chacho pasina kukanganisa.
- Haisati yagadzirira zvakakwana kubata maitiro akaoma kudaro. Zvisinei, kana tikatarisa kukura uye kufambira mberi munguva yose, tinogona kuona kuti hazvizotora nguva refu kusvikira takwanisa kubata nhare dzedu nemakombiyuta nekungofunga nezvazvo.
- Zvinangwa zvenguva refu zvinogona kuita musiyano mukuru muhupenyu hwedu hwezuva nezuva. Inogona kuiswa kune akasiyana mabasa kunze kwekungomhanyisa zvishandiso zvedu. Iwe unogona kubatana nekombuta kana kuvaka nharaunda chaiyo, kurodha ruzivo muuropi hwako, uye kuwana multitasking hunyanzvi.
Neuralink Zvakaipa
- Neuralink inonyanya kukosha kunetseka ichave yakavanzika uye chengetedzo.
- Zvisinei nekuti yakasimba kana kuti ine simba sei iyo chip, ichiri chidimbu chemagetsi / tekinoroji. Zvinogara zvichigoneka kuti ichatadza kushanda.
- Kana iyo Neuralink iripo kuti ishandiswe nevanhu, zviitiko zvekubira kwepamusoro zvinogona kuwedzera, zvichiunza njodzi nyowani dzakadai seMind hacking uye Mind hijacking. Mumashoko emunhuwo zvake, vanhu vasina zita vanogona kuverenga kufunga kwako uye kuchichinja kuti vade zvavo.
DBS Zvakanakira
- DBS kazhinji inoderedza zviratidzo zvakadai sekuoma, kudedera, kunonoka, uye dyskinesia. DBS yakaratidzawo kubatsira nekumisa / kudzima kushanduka, hunhu uye hupenyu hwehupenyu, uye huwandu hwesimba mazinga.
- Kuvhiyiwa kweDBS kunobatsira kuderedza mishonga uye Levodopa migumisiro, pamwe chete nemari yemishonga.
- Hapana masero etsinga anofanira kubviswa kuita DBS kuvhiya. DBS haina mhedzisiro yakaipa pahuropi.
- Vanachiremba uye vanhu vane DBS vanogona kudzora maelectrodes uye stimulation frequency uye kusimba, uye ivo vanogona kugadziridzwa sezvinodiwa.
- Varwere vane chirwere cheParkinson, kudedera, chero kusagadzikana kwekufamba, kana dyskinesia vanotsamira kune vamwe kuita mabasa ezuva nezuva. Kuvhiya kweDBS kunobatsira varwere kudzora zviratidzo zvavo uye kuvabvumira kupedza mabasa vari voga.
DBS Zvakaipa
- Kune rimwe divi, makambani mazhinji einishuwarenzi anogona kuvhara mamwe kana ese eDBS. Kuvhiyiwa kwacho kunogona kuita pakati pe $15,000 ne $20,000 pamwe chete.
- Pakukurukura nezvemukana wekuvhiyiwa, pane njodzi yekubuda ropa, sitiroko, hutachiona, uye kuungana kwemvura muuropi. Isu tinoziva zvakare kuti uropi inhengo yakaoma uye yakatetepa.
- DBS ichatora mwedzi kuti ione yakanakisa kusanganisa kweDBS kukurudzira uye mishonga yekudzora zviratidzo. Kunyange zvazvo zvimwe zviratidzo zvinogona kuenda nokukurumidza, kuwana musanganiswa wakakodzera wemigumisiro yenguva refu inogona kutora nguva yakawanda.
Final Thoughts
Elon Musk akazarura chigadziro chake chaitarisirwa zvikuru cheNeuralink, icho chine chinangwa chekuvaka hukama hwakananga pakati pevanhu nemakombiyuta.
Maererano nemharidzo yaMusk, iyo microchip-yakavakirwa gadget yakavakirwa pahuropi kutonga inofanirwa kushandiswa mukurapa kwakasiyana mamiriro etsinga.
Kwemakore mazhinji, chirongwa cheMusk's Neuralink chave kuunganidza ruzivo nekuisa ma electrode ehukuru hwakasiyana uye hunhu kubva kumusoro uye nepakati pehuropi. Mune mamwe mamiriro ezvinhu; unotova mumwe wemienzaniso yemazuva ano yekuedza kwedu kuisa magetsi ehuropi nemaitiro.
Nekune rumwe rutivi, nyanzvi dzinoti dzinogonawo kukurudzira nzvimbo dzakadzika dzehuropi nekuisa maelectrodes mukati meuropi uye kurapa nyaya dzakawanda dzetsinga. Kunze kwezvo, vanga vachishandisa nzira dzeDBS kwenguva yakareba uye vakabudirira zvikuru navo.
Ose ari maviri Neuralink uye Deep Brain Stimulation anotaridzika seanovimbisa mafambiro akananga kune remangwana risina chirwere.
Nekudaro, zviri kune ramangwana kuona kuti zvese zviri kuitika sei.
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