Tekinoroji imwe cheteyo inotyaira kuzivikanwa kwechiso nemotokari dzinozvityaira ingakurumidza kuva chishandiso chinokosha mukuzarura zvakavanzika zvakavanzika zvechisiko chapose pose.
Zvichangobva kuitika mukuongorora nyeredzi zvakakonzera kuputika kwedata.
Materesikopu ane simba anounganidza terabytes yedata zuva nezuva. Kuti agadzirise data rakawanda kudaro, masayendisiti anofanirwa kutsvaga nzira nyowani dzekuita otomatiki mabasa akasiyana mumunda, sekuyera mwaranzi uye zvimwe zviitiko zvekudenga.
Rimwe basa chairo iro nyanzvi dzemitumbi yomudenga dzinoda kukurumidzisa kurongwa kwemapoka enyeredzi. Muchinyorwa chino, tichaenda pamusoro pekuti nei kuisa mumapoka enyeredzi kwakakosha uye kuti vaongorori vakatanga sei kuvimba nehunyanzvi hwekudzidza muchina kuti ukwire sezvo huwandu hwe data hunowedzera.
Nei tichifanira kuronga mapoka enyeredzi?
Kusarudzwa kwemapoka enyeredzi, anozivikanwa mumunda se galaxy morphology, yakatanga muzana remakore rechi18. Munguva iyoyo, Sir William Herschel akaona kuti 'nebula' dzakasiyana-siyana dzaiuya nenzira dzakasiyana-siyana. Mwanakomana wake John Herschel akavandudza pachikamu ichi nekusiyanisa pakati pegalactic nebulae uye isiri-galactic nebulae. Ekupedzisira ezvikamu zviviri izvi ndizvo zvatinoziva uye tichidaidza kuti makwara enzou.
Nechokunopera kwezana ramakore rechi 18, vazivi venyeredzi vakasiyana-siyana vakafungidzira kuti izvi zvinhu zvemuchadenga zvaive “extra-galactic”, uye kuti zviri kunze kweMilky Way yedu.
Hubble akaunza rudzi rutsva rwemapoka enyeredzi muna 1925 nekuunza kutevedzana kweHubble, inozivikanwa zvisina kurongwa seHubble tuning-fork diagram.
Kutevedzana kwaHubble kwakakamura makwara enzou kuva mapoka enyeredzi anogara aripo uye asina kujairika. Makwara enzou enguva dzose akakamurwazve kuita mapoka matatu akafara: Ellipticals, spirals, uye lenticular.
Kudzidza nezvemapoka enyeredzi kunotipa nzwisiso yezvakavanzika zvinokosha zvinoverengeka zvemashandiro anoita muchadenga. Vatsvakurudzi vakashandisa nzira dzakasiyana-siyana dzemapoka enyeredzi kuti vaone nezvekugadzirisa nyeredzi. Achishandisa mienzaniso, masayendisiti akaedzawo kuenzanisira kuti makwara enzou pachawo anoumba sei maumbirwo atinoona nhasi.
Automated Morphological Classification yeGalaxies
Tsvagiridzo yekushandisa muchina kudzidza kurongedza mapoka enyeredzi yakaratidza mhedzisiro inovimbisa. Muna 2020, vaongorori kubva kuNational Astronomical Observatory yeJapan vakashandisa a nzira yekudzidza yakadzama kuronga mapoka enyeredzi zvakarurama.
Vatsvakurudzi vakashandisa dataset yakakura yemifananidzo yakawanikwa kubva kuSubaru/Hyper Suprime-Cam (HSC) Survey. Vachishandisa hunyanzvi hwavo, vaigona kuisa mapoka enyeredzi muS-wise spirals, Z-wise spirals, uye asiri-spirals.
Tsvagiridzo yavo yakaratidza zvakanakira kubatanidza data hombe kubva kuteresikopu ne kudzidza zvakadzika maitiro. Nekuda kweneural nets, nyanzvi dzemuchadenga zvino vakwanisa kuyedza kurongedza mamwe marudzi emorphology akadai semabhawa, kubatanidzwa, uye zvinhu zvine lenzi yakasimba. Semuyenzaniso, tsvakurudzo yakabatana kubva kuMK Cavanagh naK. Bekki vakashandisa CNNs kuongorora mabhawa maumbirwo mukubatanidza magalaxi.
Ainoita
Masayendisiti kubva kuNAOJ aivimba neconvolutional neural networks kana maCNN kuisa mifananidzo. Kubva 2015, CNNs dzave nzira chaiyo yekuisa zvimwe zvinhu. Chaiyo-nyika maapplication eCNNs anosanganisira kutariswa kwechiso mumifananidzo, mota dzinozvityaira, kuzivikanwa hunhu hwekunyora, uye kurapwa. ongororo yemifananidzo.
Asi CNN inoshanda sei?
CNN ndeyekirasi yemakina ekudzidzira matekiniki anozivikanwa seanogadzirisa. MaClassifiers anogona kutora kumwe kupinza uye kuburitsa poindi yedata. Semuyenzaniso, mucherechedzi wemasaini emumugwagwa achakwanisa kutora mufananidzo uye kubuda kana chifananidzo chiri chiratidzo chemugwagwa kana kuti kwete.
A CNN muenzaniso we neural network. Aya neural network anoumbwa ne neurons organised into akaturikidzana. Munguva yechikamu chekudzidzisa, idzi neuroni dzakagadziridzwa kuti dzigadzirise huremu chaihwo uye kusarura kunozobatsira kugadzirisa dambudziko rekuronga rinodiwa.
Kana neural network inogamuchira mufananidzo, inotora munzvimbo diki dzechifananidzo pane zvese zvakazara, Neuron yega yega inodyidzana nedzimwe tsinga sezvazvinotora muzvikamu zvakasiyana zvemufananidzo mukuru.
Kuvapo kwe convolutional layers kunoita kuti CNN isiyane nemamwe neural network. Aya mataira anotarisisa mabhuroko epixels ane chinangwa chekuziva maficha kubva pamufananidzo wekuisa. Sezvo isu tichibatanidza neuroni dziri pedyo pamwe chete, network ichava nenguva iri nyore kunzwisisa mufananidzo sezvo data rekuisa richipfuura nepakati pega rega.
Kushandiswa muGalaxy Morphology
Kana ichishandiswa mukupatsanura mapoka enyeredzi, CNNs inopwanya mufananidzo wegirazi kuita "zvigamba" zvidiki. Uchishandisa zvishoma zvemasvomhu, yekutanga yakavanzika layer inoedza kugadzirisa kana chigamba chine mutsara kana curve. Mimwe mitsara inoedza kugadzirisa mibvunzo iri kuramba ichioma sekunge chigamba chine chimiro che spiral galaxy, sekuvapo kweruoko.
Kunyange zvazvo zviri nyore kuona kana chikamu chemufananidzo chine mutsara wakatwasuka, zvinoramba zvichinetsa kubvunza kana mufananidzo wacho uchiratidza spiral galaxy, ndoda kuti rudzii rwe spiral galaxy.
Neneural network, iyo classifier inotanga nemitemo isina kurongeka uye maitiro. Mitemo iyi zvishoma nezvishoma inova yakanyatsojeka uye inoenderana nedambudziko ratiri kuedza kugadzirisa. Pakupera kwechikamu chekudzidziswa, iyo neural network inofanirwa kuve neruzivo rwakanaka rwekuti ndezvipi zvimiro zvekutarisa mumufananidzo.
Kuwedzera AI uchishandisa Citizen Sayenzi
Sayenzi yevagari inoreva tsvakiridzo yesainzi inoitiswa nemasaenzi esainzi kana nhengo dzeveruzhinji.
Masayendisiti ari kudzidza nezvenyeredzi anowanzo shanda pamwe nevagari vesaenzi kubatsira kuita zvakakosha zvakawanikwa zvesainzi. NASA inochengetedza a Pamazita yemapurojekiti mazhinji esainzi evagari ayo chero munhu ane mbozhanhare kana laptop anogona kubatsira.
National Astronomical Observatory yeJapan yakaisawo chirongwa chesainzi chevagari chinozivikanwa se Galaxy Cruise. Chirongwa ichi chinodzidzisa vanozvipira kuronga mapoka enyeredzi uye kutsvaga zviratidzo zvekukonana kuri kuitika pakati pemapoka enyeredzi. Chimwe chirongwa chevagari vakadanwa Galaxy Zoo yakatogamuchira anopfuura mamirioni makumi mashanu ezvikamu mugore rekutanga rekutanga.
Tichishandisa data kubva kumapurojekiti esainzi yevagari, tinogona dzidzisa neural network kuisa mapoka enyeredzi mune mamwe makirasi akadzama zvakare. Tinogona zvakare kushandisa aya matsamba esainzi evagari kutsvaga mapoka enyeredzi ane zvinhu zvinofadza. Zvimiro zvakaita semhete nemalenzi zvinogona kuramba zvichinetsa kuwana uchishandisa neural network.
mhedziso
Neural network matekiniki ari kuwedzera mukurumbira mumunda wezvenyeredzi. Kuvhurwa kweNASA's James Webb Space Telescope muna 2021 inovimbisa nguva nyowani yekutarisa nyeredzi. Teresikopu yakatounganidza terabytes yedata, pamwe nezviuru zvezvimwe zviri munzira mumakore mashanu ehupenyu hwemishini.
Kuisa mumapoka enyeredzi ingori imwe yeakawanda mabasa anogona kukwidziridzwa neML. Nenzvimbo yekugadzirisa data ichiva dambudziko rayo reBig Data, vaongorori vanofanirwa kushandisa epamusoro muchina kudzidza zvizere kuti vanzwisise iwo mufananidzo mukuru.
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