Zviri Mukati[Viga][Ratidza]
- 1. Unotsanangura sei Array?
- 2. Dynamic Arrays: Chii? Chii chinovasiyanisa kubva kuBasic Arrays?
- 3. Danho neduramazwi zvinosiyana sei kubva kune rimwe?
- 4. Nyora zvimwe zvezvakanakira uye zvinokanganisa zvearrays.
- 5. “Sparse Array” inorevei?
- 6. Ndepapi paungasarudza rondedzero yakabatana pane array?
- 7. Chii chinosiyanisa mutsara wakanyorwa kubva kune asociative array?
- 8. Ndeapi mabhenefiti ane Heap pamusoro peakarongwa arrays?
- 9. Tinogona here kutsanangura saizi yehurongwa kuve isina kunaka?
- 10. Unowana sei nhamba inorasika muchikamu che1 kusvika kuzana?
- 11. Unowana sei indekisi yechinhu munhevedzano?
- 12. Ungabvisa sei chimwe chinhu kubva pane zvakarongwa?
- 13. Kuenzana kwemapoka maviri kungasimbiswa sei?
- 14. Patinokurukura mitsara, unorevei nemashoko okuti “Dimension” uye “Subscript”?
- Coding Mibvunzo Yekubvunzurudza
- 15. Tsvaka peya muhurongwa hune huwandu hwakatarwa
- 16. Binary array kuronga nenguva yemutsara
- 17. Tsvaga iyo yakakura-mbiri-int chigadzirwa muhurongwa.
- 18. Nzira yekushandura mazero ese kusvika kumagumo
- 19. Nzira yekuronga sei mutsara une zvinyorwa zviviri zvinoshandurwa mukushanda kumwe.
- 20. Ungabatanidza sei maviri akarongwa arrays panzvimbo.
- 21. Ungaronga sei patsva mutsara wezvinhu mukutsinhanisa nzvimbo dzakakwirira nedzakaderera?
- 22. Nzira yekutsiva sei chimwe nechimwe chechikamu pasina kushandisa division opareta nechigadzirwa chechimwe nechimwe chinhu muhurongwa?
- 23. Tsvaga zvisingaite muhurongwa munguva yelogarithmic
- 24. Nzira yekuwana sei chinotevera chihombe chinhu chechimwe nechimwe chinhu mudenderedzwa rondedzero?
- 25. Wana array's inversion count?
- 26. Dambudziko reKuteya Mvura Inonaya Chii?
- mhedziso
Coding kubvunzurudza ine nhevedzano yemibvunzo yeDSA. Iwe unofanirwa kuve nehunyanzvi hwekuita arrays kana iwe uchigadzirira kubvunzurudza kwako kuri kuuya tekinoroji neFAANG kana rimwe Tier-1 tech bhizinesi.
Muzhinji kubvunzurudzwa kwekodhi, inouya munzvimbo yechipiri kune Strings. An array iboka rezvinhu zvine chekuita nedata zvakachengetwa padyo nepedyo mundangariro.
Sezvo dzakabatana nemitauro yese yekuronga, senge C, C ++, Java, Python, Perl, uye Ruby, dziri kwese kwese. Ramba uchiverenga kune mamwe ekudzidzira kukodha matambudziko uye kubvunzurudza mibvunzo nemhinduro zvichienderana nehurongwa.
Python ichashandiswa mune ino positi kugadzirisa nyaya dzekodha nekuti iri nyore kushandisa, kunzwisisa, uye inofanirwa kujaira kune vazhinji vedu.
Ngatitange.
1. Unotsanangura sei Array?
- Boka remhando dzedata dzine hukama hurongwa.
- Arrays inogara yakagadziriswa.
- Rudzi rwakafanana rwekuchinja runochengetwa munzvimbo dzakawanda nezvinhu zvakarongwa.
- Mhando dzekutanga uye mareferensi echinhu zvese zvinoenderana nazvo.
2. Dynamic Arrays: Chii? Chii chinovasiyanisa kubva kuBasic Arrays?
Iyo otomatiki kuyera iyo dhizaini arrays (inozivikanwawo seanokura arrays, resizable arrays, anochinjika arrays, kana ArrayLists muJava) inopa mukana wakakura.
Iwe unofanirwa kugara uchiziva kuti zvingani zvinhu izvo array yako ichachengeta kumberi sezvo arrays ane saizi yakatarwa. Iyo ine simba array, kune rumwe rutivi, inokura iwe paunowedzera dzimwe nhengo kwairi, saka haufanirwe kuziva saizi yayo chaiyo zvisati zvaitika.
3. Danho neduramazwi zvinosiyana sei kubva kune rimwe?
Iyi ndiyo yakakosha-yakavakirwa rondedzero yemibvunzo yekubvunzurudza inogara ichibvunzwa. Iyi inotevera misiyano mikuru pakati pearrays nemaduramazwi:
- An array irondedzero yakaodha yezvinhu zvakafanana. Duramazwi, kune rumwe rutivi, rine makiyi-value pairs.
- Array saizi inogona kuchinja zvine simba. Pfungwa dzakasimba dzakadaro hadzimo mumaduramazwi.
- Usati washandisa array, saizi yaro inofanirwa kutaurwa. Saizi yeduramazwi haidi kugadziridzwa.
- Shandisa chirevo cheRedim kana iwe uchida kuwedzera saizi yehurongwa. Mumaduramazwi, chinhu chinogona kuwedzerwa pasina chiziviso.
4. Nyora zvimwe zvezvakanakira uye zvinokanganisa zvearrays.
Advantages:
- Arrays inogona kuronga huwandu hwezvinhu panguva imwe chete.
- mwe zvimiro zvedata, senge mastacks, mitsetse, rondedzero dzakabatana, miti, magirafu, nezvimwe, zvinogona kuitwa muhurongwa.
- Indekisi inogona kushandiswa kusvika pachikamu chemutsetse.
payakaipira:
- Saizi yearray inofanirwa kuziviswa pachine nguva. Panguva ye array declaration, isu tingasaziva, zvisinei, nehukuru hwatinoda.
- Chimiro chegadziriro yacho inomira. Zvinoreva kuti saizi yakarongeka inogara yakagadziriswa uye kuti kugoverwa kwendangariro hakugone kuwedzerwa kana kuderedzwa.
5. “Sparse Array” inorevei?
A sparse array idata array ine zvakawanda zvekunyora zvine zero values. Mukupesana, dense array ine ruzhinji rwezvinhu zvayo zvisina-zero values. Iwo ma indices eshongedzero array, ayo anoshandura manhamba kuita zvinhu, anogona kusanganisira magwanza. Kuenzaniswa neHashMap, ivo vanonyanya ndangariro-inoshanda.
6. Ndepapi paungasarudza rondedzero yakabatana pane array?
Paunenge uchishandisa akabatanidzwa rondedzero pane arrays, funga:
- Iwe haudi chero zvinhu kuti uwane zvisina tsarukano kuwana.
- Iko kune kufanotaura kwechinguva kwakakosha, iwe unoda kugara-nguva yekuisirwa uye kubviswa kubva pane iyo rondedzero.
- Kuti ugadzire mutsara wezvakakosha, ungangoda kuisa zvinhu pakati pechinyorwa.
- Hauzivi kuti rondedzero yacho ichava yakareba sei. Kana iyo saizi yakakwira, iwe unofanirwa kuzivisa zvakare uye nekudzokorora ndangariro, senge neakareruka arrays.
7. Chii chinosiyanisa mutsara wakanyorwa kubva kune asociative array?
Misiyano yekutanga pakati peassociative uye indexed arrays yakanyorwa mutafura inotevera.
- A key-value pair in text or number format inoshandiswa kugadzirisa associative array. Makiyi ane indexed array ese inhamba, uye kiyi yega yega yakabatana kune yakasarudzika kukosha.
- Mukubatanidza hurongwa, kiyi inogona kunge iri tambo. Indexed array ine makiyi akazara anotangira pa0.
- Tafura ine makoramu maviri inotevedzera maitiro eiyo associative array. Zvakafanana netafura imwe-column ane indexed arrays.
- Mepu imhando yeasociative array. Index array haisi mepu.
8. Ndeapi mabhenefiti ane Heap pamusoro peakarongwa arrays?
Iko kushanda kwenguva kwekushandisa Heap pamusoro Yakarongwa Arrays ndiyo yakakosha kubatsirwa. Nepo mabasa emurwi achikasira, kuronga ndandanda kunoda nguva yakawanda. Murwi unokwanisa kuwana chinhu chidiki-diki nekukasira kupfuura hurongwa hunogona kurongwa.
Muunganidzwa wakapihwa wenhamba unogona kurongwa neimwe yenzira mbiri uchishandisa Sorted Arrays. Nekune rumwe rutivi, kune muunganidzwa wakapihwa wenhamba, panogona kunge paine inodarika imwe inogona murwi.
9. Tinogona here kutsanangura saizi yehurongwa kuve isina kunaka?
Kwete, hatikwanise kutsanangura nhamba isina kunaka kuti ienzane nehurongwa. Hapazovi nekukanganisa-nguva kana tikazivisa. Panguva yekumhanya, isu, zvakadaro, tichasangana neNegativeArraySizeException.
10. Unowana sei nhamba inorasika muchikamu che1 kusvika kuzana?
Huwandu hwenhevedzano hunogona kuverengerwa nekushandisa rinotevera basa: n (n + 1) / 2
Chete kana hurongwa husina zvakapetwa kana kuti inopfuura imwe nhamba isipo ndipo paizoshanda basa iri. Kunyangwe array iine duplicate elements, unogona kuronga hurongwa kuti uone kana paine zvinhu zvakaenzana.
11. Unowana sei indekisi yechinhu munhevedzano?
An element's index inogona kuwanikwa kuburikidza nemutsara kana bhinari yekutsvaga. Kusvikira yawana mutambo wechinhu chinodiwa, mutsara wekutsvaga basa rinosungirira pamusoro pechimwe nechimwe chinhu muhurongwa. Inodzosa index kana ichinge yawana chinofananidzira chinhu. Nekuda kweizvozvo, mutsara wekutsvaga kwechinguvana kuomarara ndeye O. (n). Zvose zvakarongwa uye zvisina kurongwa zvinogona kushandisa kutsvaga kwemutsara.
Uchishandisa tsvakiridzo yebhinari, iyo inoramba ichikamura rondedzero muhafu kusvika pakati penguva inoenderana nechinhu chinodiwa uye ichipa index, unogona kuwana indekisi yechinhu kana rondedzero yarongerwa. Nekuda kweizvozvo, iyo yebhinari yekutsvaga yenguva yakaoma yakaoma ndeye O. (log n).
12. Ungabvisa sei chimwe chinhu kubva pane zvakarongwa?
Sezvo iwe usingakwanise kungodzima zvinhu kubva kune yekutanga array sezvo iwo akagadzika seti ane yakatsanangurwa saizi, mubvunzurudzo ari kutsvaga kuti iwe upe zano rakasiyana uye kugadzirisa dambudziko rinomutswa nemubvunzo. Iyo yakanakisa nzira yekuita ndeyekugadzira itsva array kuitira kudzima chinhu. Iwe unogona kudzokorora zvinhu kubva kune yekutanga array mune ino array uye unongosanganisira chinhu chaunoda kudzima.
Rimwe zano rinosanganisira kutsvaga chinhu chakanangwa muhurongwa uyezve kudzoreredza kurongeka kwezvinhu zvese zviri kurudyi kwechinhu chakanangwa.
13. Kuenzana kwemapoka maviri kungasimbiswa sei?
Iwe unofanirwa kutanga waona kureba kwemaviri akapihwa arrays. Zvinhu zvinofananidzwa zvezvirongwa zvese zvinofananidzwa kana kureba kwakaenzana. Iwo maviri arrays anozoonekwa seakaenzana. kana peya yega yega yezvikamu mutsamba dzese dzakaenzana. Iyi nzira haina kurairwa kutarisa kuenzana kwezvirongwa zviviri kana mitsara yakakura muhukuru sezvo ichizotora nguva yakawanda. Unogonawo kushandisa nzira yakaenzana () inosanganisirwa mukirasi yeArrays, zvisinei, kana mubvunzurudzo akakukumbira kuti uenzanise mitsara miviri usingashandisi nzira dzakavakwa, nzira iyi ichave yakakosha.
14. Patinokurukura mitsara, unorevei nemashoko okuti “Dimension” uye “Subscript”?
Iyo "Dimension" yearray ndiyo nhamba yemaindices, kana zvinyorwa, zvinodikanwa kuratidza nhengo yega yega. Zvinyorwa uye zviyero zvinogona kunge zvisina kujeka. Dimension itsanangudzo yehuwandu hwemakiyi anotenderwa, nepo subscript iri nhamba. Pane kungonyorerwa kumwe chete kunodiwa kune yega yega array dimension.
Semuenzaniso, iyo array arr[10][5] ine mativi maviri. Saizi gumi pane imwe uye 10 kune imwe. Kuti ugadzirise zvikamu zvayo, unoda zvinyorwa zviviri. Zvose zviri pakati pe5 ne0; imwe pakati pe4 ne0, inosanganisirwa.
Coding Mibvunzo Yekubvunzurudza
15. Tsvaka peya muhurongwa hune huwandu hwakatarwa
Semuyenzaniso,
Input:
- nhamba = [8, 7, 2, 5, 3, 1]
- chinangwa = 10
Chikwata:
- Vaviri vawanikwa (8, 2)
- Or
- Vaviri vawanikwa (7, 3)
Input:
- nhamba = [5, 2, 6, 8, 1, 9]
- chinangwa = 12
Chikwata:
- Vaviri havana kuwanikwa
16. Binary array kuronga nenguva yemutsara
Ronga mabhinari array munguva yemutsara uye munzvimbo yakatarwa. Izvo zvinobuda zvinofanirwa kuratidza ese mazero kutanga, wozotevera ese.
Semuyenzaniso,
- Kupinza: {1, 0, 1, 0, 1, 0, 0, 1}
- Zvakabuda: {0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 1, 1, 1}
Nzira yakatwasuka ingave yekuverenga nhamba yese yegwaro rema0, toti k, uye wozadza k ekutanga ma indices muhurongwa na 0 uye mamwe asara aine 1. Seimwe nzira, tinogona kuverenga kuti mangani ma1 akazara mu array k, zadza k ekupedzisira k muhurongwa ne1, wosiya mamwe ma indices akazara ne0.
Iyo yakapihwa nzira ine O(n) nguva yakaoma uye haishandisi imwe chengetedzo, uko n ndiyo saizi yekuisa.
17. Tsvaga iyo yakakura-mbiri-int chigadzirwa muhurongwa.
Tsvaga chigadzirwa chikuru chenhamba mbiri muinhamba huru.
Funga nezve hurongwa 10 3 5 6 2 semuenzaniso. Iyo (-10, -3) kana (5, 6) peya ndicho chigadzirwa chepamusoro.
Kufunga nezvese musanganiswa wechinhu uye kuona chigadzirwa chavo inzira yehupenzi. Kana chigadzirwa chemaviri azvino chiri chikuru pane chakanyanya kuwanikwa chigadzirwa kusvika pari zvino, gadziridza iyo yakanyanya chigadzirwa. Dhinda zvikamu zvechigadzirwa chekupedzisira chekupedzisira.
Mhinduro iri pamusoro, apo n ndiyo huwandu hwekupinza, ine nguva yakaoma yeO(n2) uye haitore imwe nzvimbo.
18. Nzira yekushandura mazero ese kusvika kumagumo
Fambisa mazero ese ari muunganidzwa wakazara kusvika kumagumo. Mhinduro yacho inofanirwa kudzivirira kushandisa nguva dzose nzvimbo uye kuchengetedza kurongeka kweiyo array zvikamu.
Kuisa: {1,2,3,0,8,0,4,7}
Kubuda kuchave {1,2,3,8,4,7,0,0}
Isa chinhu panzvimbo inotevera inowanikwa muhurongwa kana chinhu chazvino chisiri zero. Zadza ma indices ese asara ne 0 kana zvinhu zvehurongwa zvese zvagadziriswa.
Mhinduro yapfuura ine O(n) nguva yakaoma, apo n ndiyo saizi yekupinza.
19. Nzira yekuronga sei mutsara une zvinyorwa zviviri zvinoshandurwa mukushanda kumwe.
Ronga rondedzero mumutsara wakapihwa zvinhu zviviri zvakachinjaniswa uye ndandanda ine zvinhu zvayo zvese zvakarongwa mukukwira. Ita sekuti muunganidzwa hauna zvakapetwa.
Input:= [1,9,3,4,7,2] kana [9,3,7,2,1,4] kana [2,4,1,7,3,9]
Zvakabuda: = [1,2,3,4,7,9]
Kutanga nechinhu chechipiri muhurongwa, chinangwa ndechekuenzanisa chinhu chimwe nechimwe kune chakatangira. Nzvimbo yekupokana inochengetwa nekutora mapoinzi maviri, x, uye y.
Gadziridza x kune indekisi yechinhu chakapfuura uye y kune indekisi yezvino element kana yekutanga iri hombe pane yekupedzisira. Gadziridza y kundekisi yechinhu chazvino kana zvikaitika kuti chinhu chekare chakakura kupfuura chinhu chiripo.
Chekupedzisira, chinja zvinhu pa indexes x uye y kana tapedza kugadzirisa peya imwe neimwe iri padyo yezvinhu.
Nekuda kwekuti nzira yambotaurwa inongoita kamwe chete scan yeiyo yekuisa array saizi n, iyo nguva yakaoma ndeye O(n). Hapana imwe kamuri inodiwa kune mhinduro.
20. Ungabatanidza sei maviri akarongwa arrays panzvimbo.
Batanidza zvinhu zvehurongwa X[] uye Y[]—mbiri dzakarongwa dzesaizi m uye n imwe neimwe-nekuchengeta marongero akarongwa, kureva, nekuzadza X[] nekutanga m diki zvinhu uye kuzadza Y[] ne zvinhu zvakasara.
Kana chinhu chiri muhurongwa X[] chatova panzvimbo chaiyo (kureva, icho chiri chidiki pakati pezvasara), rega kuzvikoshesa; zvikasadaro, itsive nechinhu chidiki, chinovawo nhengo yekutanga yeY[]. Kuti uchengetedze iyo yakarongwa mushure mekuchinjana, endesa chinhu (ikozvino paY[0]) kunzvimbo yacho chaiyo muY[].
Saizi yekutanga ndeye m uye yechipiri saizi saizi n, uye nguva yakaoma ndeye O (mn).
21. Ungaronga sei patsva mutsara wezvinhu mukutsinhanisa nzvimbo dzakakwirira nedzakaderera?
Ronga patsva nhevedzano kuti nhengo yega yega inozotevera ive hombe pane zvapfuura uye zvinotevera zvinhu. Fungidzira kuti array haisanganisi chero duplicate elements.
Kuronga dhizaini kana kushandisa imwe nzvimbo hazvidiwi kune nzira inoshanda. Urongwa hwuri, kutanga, iyo yechipiri nhengo yehurongwa uye kukwira nembiri kune yega loop iteration.
Chinjanai zvikamu kana chinhu chekupedzisira chichidarika chekutanga. Nenzira yakafanana, shandura zvinhu zvose zviri zviviri kana chinhu chinotevera chakakura kudarika chinhu chazvino. Isu tichawana iyo inodiwa array inoenderana nezvirambidzo zvakatemwa pakupera kwe loop.
22. Nzira yekutsiva sei chimwe nechimwe chechikamu pasina kushandisa division opareta nechigadzirwa chechimwe nechimwe chinhu muhurongwa?
Pasina kushandisa division opareta, tsiva chimwe nechimwe chinhu munhamba yakazara nechigadzirwa chezvimwe zvinhu zvese.
Munguva yemutsara uye nzvimbo inogara iripo, tinogona kushandisa kudzokorora kugadzirisa nyaya iyi. Kudzokorodza kuverengera zvigadzirwa zvechimwe nechimwe chinhu mune yerudyi subarray uye kupfuudza kuruboshwe subarray chigadzirwa sebasa paramita ndiyo pfungwa.
Iyo nguva yakaoma ndeye O(n).
23. Tsvaga zvisingaite muhurongwa munguva yelogarithmic
Tichipihwa nhamba yakazara iyo yese kunze kwenhengo imwe ine kunyange manhamba ezvinoitika, dambudziko nderekuziva kuti kangani chinhu ichi chinobuda. Tsvaga chinhu chisinganzwisisike chiri kuitika munguva yelogarithmic uye chinogara chiripo kana zvinhu zvimwe chete zvikaitika zviri zviviri muhurongwa uye hapangambovi nezviitiko zvinopfuura zviviri zvechinhu chakapihwa mumutsara.
Iko XOR mashandiro anoita kuti tikwanise kugadzirisa nyaya iyi munguva yemutsara. Chinangwa ndecheku XOR chese chinhu muhurongwa. Chete zvinhu zvisinganzwisisike zvinosara mushure mekunge zvinhu zviri kuitika zvadzima chimwe nechimwe kunze.
Dambudziko iri rinogona kugadziriswa muO(log(n)) nguva.
24. Nzira yekuwana sei chinotevera chihombe chinhu chechimwe nechimwe chinhu mudenderedzwa rondedzero?
Chinhu chinotevera chihombe chechimwe nechimwe chinhu chiri mudenderedzwa chiverengero chakazara chinofanira kuwanikwa. Yekutanga yakakura nhamba mushure mechikamu x muhurongwa ndicho chinotevera chikamu chikuru chechinhu ichocho.
Kubva kurudyi kuenda kuruboshwe, tinogona kushanda pazvinhu zvakarongwa. Chinangwa ndechekuvhara chinhu chimwe nechimwe x kusvika iyo stack isina chinhu kana isu tine chinhu chepamusoro pamusoro payo. Isa chinhu chinotevera chikuru che x kuti chioneke pamusoro pechitubu kana chadaro.
25. Wana array's inversion count?
Tsvaga huwandu hwese hwemainversions emutsetse. Peya I j) inonzi inversion of array A kana ini j) uye (A[i] > A[j]). Tinofanira kuverenga peya imwe neimwe yeizvi muhurongwa.
Kuverenga nhengo dzese dzakarongeka dziri shoma pane iyo kurudyi uye kuwedzera mhedzisiro kune zvakabuda inzira yakatwasuka.
Mhinduro iyi ine O(n2) kuomarara, uko n ndiyo saizi yekupinza.
26. Dambudziko reKuteya Mvura Inonaya Chii?
Kutsvaga mvura yakawanda inogona kuvharirwa mune imwe seti yemabhawa ane hupamhi hwechikamu chimwe nechimwe inozivikanwa se "teya remvura yekunaya" nyaya.
Chinangwa ndechekuona bhawa repamusoro-soro rinogona kuiswa kuruboshwe nekurudyi kwebhari imwe neimwe. Izvo zvishoma zvemabhawa ekutungamirira kuruboshwe uye kurudyi, zvishoma kureba kwebhari ikozvino, huwandu hwemvura inochengetwa pamusoro pebhari imwe neimwe.
mhedziso
Kuenzaniswa nedzimwe dhata dhizaini misoro, arrays ari nyore. Kuti uwane ace array mibvunzo yekubvunzurudza, iwe unofanirwa kuve nekunzwisisa kwakakosha kwearrays.
Iwe unofanirwa kuongorora zvakanyanya nheyo dzearrays, kusanganisira hurongwa hwekushanda (kubva pakuzivisa / kugadzira hurongwa kusvika pakuwana / kugadzirisa zvinhu zvakarongwa), pamwe nehurongwa hwemapurogiramu sezvishwe, kudzokorora, uye vashandi vekutanga kuitira kuti vabudirire kupindura mibvunzo yakawanda yekubvunzurudza. Ziva nyaya yacho zvizere.
Iwe unofanirwa kutsvaga tsananguro kana uine chero mibvunzo. Funga nezvekupatsanura nyaya yacho kuita zvikamu zvinogoneka. Ita shuwa kuti une algorithm mupfungwa usati watanga chirongwa; nyora pasi kana kuzviona muflowchart. wobva watanga kunyora kodhi.
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