Natural Language Processing (NLP) yakashandura maitiro atinoita nemichina. Iye zvino, mapurogiramu edu uye software zvinogona kugadzirisa uye kunzwisisa mutauro wevanhu.
Sechirango chehungwaru hwekugadzira, NLP inotarisana nekudyidzana kwemutauro wechisikigo pakati pemakomputa nevanhu.
Inobatsira michina kuongorora, kunzwisisa, uye kubatanidza mutauro wevanhu, kuvhura huwandu hwemashandisirwo akadai sekuziva kutaura, kududzira muchina, manzwiro ongororo, uye chatbots.
Yaita budiriro huru mumakore achangopfuura, ichibvumira michina kuti isangonzwisisa mutauro chete asiwo kuushandisa nekugadzira uye nemazvo.
Muchikamu chino, tichatarisa akasiyana NLP mitauro yemitauro. Saka, tevera pamwe, uye ngatidzidze nezvemhando idzi!
1. BERT
BERT (Bidirectional Encoder Representations kubva kuTransformers) imhando yemhando yemutauro weA Natural Language Processing (NLP). Yakagadzirwa muna 2018 ne g uye yakavakirwa paTransformer architecture, a neural network yakavakirwa kududzira kutevedzana kwekuisa.
BERT imhando yemutauro yakagara yakadzidziswa, zvinoreva kuti yakadzidziswa pamavhoriyamu makuru ezvinyorwa zvemashoko kuziva maitiro nemaitiro emitauro.
BERT imhando yebidirectional modhi, zvinoreva kuti inogona kubata mamiriro uye zvinoreva mazwi zvichienderana neawo ese ekare uye anotevera mitsara, zvichiita kuti ibudirire pakunzwisisa zvinorehwa nemitsara yakaoma.
Chinoshanda sei?
Kudzidzira kusingatarisirwe kunoshandiswa kudzidzisa BERT pane yakakura huwandu hwe data data. BERT inowana kugona kuona mazwi anoshaikwa mumutsara kana kuronga mitsara panguva yekudzidziswa.
Nerubatsiro rwekudzidziswa uku, BERT inogona kuburitsa zvemhando yepamusoro zvekumisikidza zvinogona kushandiswa kune akasiyana mabasa eNLP, anosanganisira ongororo yemanzwiro, kupatsanura zvinyorwa, kupindura mibvunzo, nezvimwe.
Pamusoro pezvo, BERT inogona kuvandudzwa pane imwe purojekiti nekushandisa dhata diki kutarisa basa iro chaizvo.
Bert Inoshandiswa kupi?
BERT inowanzo shandiswa mune dzakasiyana siyana dzakakurumbira NLP application. Google, semuenzaniso, yakaishandisa kuti iwedzere kurongeka kwemhedzisiro yayo yekutsvaga injini, nepo Facebook yakaishandisa kuvandudza ayo ekurudziro algorithms.
BERT yakashandiswawo mukuongorora manzwiro ekukurukura, kududzira muchina, uye kunzwisisa mutauro wechisikigo.
Mukuwedzera, BERT yakashandiswa mune akati wandei tsvakurudzo yezvidzidzo mapepa ekuvandudza mashandiro eNLP modhi pane akasiyana mabasa. Pakazere, BERT yave chishandiso chakakosha kune vadzidzi veNLP nevarapi, uye pesvedzero yayo pakurangwa inofungidzirwa kuwedzera mberi.
2. Roberta
RoBERTa (Robustly Optimized BERT Approach) muenzaniso wemutauro wekugadzirisa mutauro wechisikigo wakaburitswa neFacebook AI muna 2019. Ivhezheni yakavandudzwa yeBERT yakanangana nekukunda zvimwe zvekutanga zvinokanganisa zveBERT modhi.
RoBERTa yakadzidziswa nenzira yakafanana neBERT, kunze kwekuti RoBERTa inoshandisa data yakawanda yekudzidzisa uye inovandudza maitiro ekudzidzira kuwana kushanda kwepamusoro.
RoBERTa, seBERT, imhando yemutauro yakadzidziswa isati yadzidziswa iyo inogona kurongeka zvakanaka kuti iwane huchokwadi hwepamusoro pabasa rakapihwa.
Chinoshanda sei?
RoBERTa inoshandisa yekuzvitarisira yekudzidza zano kudzidzisa pane yakakura huwandu hwe data data. Inodzidza kufanotaura mazwi anoshaikwa mumitsara uye kuisa mitsara mumapoka akasiyana panguva yekudzidziswa.
RoBERTa zvakare inoshandisa nzira dzinoverengeka dzakasimba dzekudzidzisa, senge ine simba masking, kuwedzera iyo modhi kugona kuenzanisa kune nyowani data.
Uyezve, kuti iwedzere huroyi hwayo, RoBERTa inoshandisa huwandu hukuru hwe data kubva kune akati wandei masosi, kusanganisira Wikipedia, Common Crawl, uye BooksCorpus.
Ndekupi Kwatingashandisa RoBERTa?
Roberta inowanzoshandiswa pakuongorora manzwiro, kupatsanura zvinyorwa, zita zita kuzivikanwa, kushandura nemuchina, uye mhinduro yemubvunzo.
Inogona kushandiswa kuburitsa ruzivo rwakakodzera kubva kune isina kurongeka zvinyorwa data senge evanhu vezvenhau, wongororo yevatengi, zvinyorwa zvenhau, uye mamwe masosi.
RoBERTa yakashandiswa mune mamwe mashandisirwo chaiwo, sekupfupisa zvinyorwa, kugadzira zvinyorwa, uye kuzivikanwa kwekutaura, kuwedzera kune aya akajairwa NLP mabasa. Yakashandiswawo kuvandudza chatbots, chaiwo vabatsiri, uye mamwe ekukurukurirana AI masisitimu 'kurongeka.
3. OpenAI's GPT-3
GPT-3 (Generative Pre-trained Transformer 3) muenzaniso wemutauro weOpenAI unogadzira kunyora kwakafanana nemunhu uchishandisa nzira dzekudzidza dzakadzama. GPT-3 ndeimwe yemhando dzemitauro mikuru yakambovakwa, ine 175 bhiriyoni paramita.
Iyo modhi yakadzidziswa pane dzakasiyana siyana data data, kusanganisira mabhuku, mapepa, uye mapeji ewebhu, uye ikozvino inogona kugadzira zvemukati pane akasiyana madingindira.
Chinoshanda sei?
GPT-3 inogadzira zvinyorwa ichishandisa nzira yekudzidza isina anotariswa. Izvi zvinoreva kuti modhi haina kudzidziswa nemaune kuita chero basa, asi panzvimbo pezvo inodzidza kugadzira zvinyorwa nekucherechedza mapatani mumavhoriyamu makuru e data data.
Nekuchidzidzisa padiki, basa-rakanangana nedatasets, modhi inogona kubva yanyatso kurongedzerwa kune chaiwo mabasa senge kupedzisa zvinyorwa kana kuongorora manzwiro.
Nzvimbo dzeKushandisa
GPT-3 ine akati wandei maapplication mumunda weakasikwa mutauro kugadzirisa. Kupedzwa kwemavara, kushandura mutauro, kuongorora manzwiro, uye mamwe maapplication zvinogoneka nemuenzaniso. GPT-3 yakashandiswawo kugadzira nhetembo, nhau dzenhau, uye kodhi yekombuta.
Imwe yeanonyanya kugona GPT-3 application kugadzira chatbots uye chaiwo vabatsiri. Nekuti iyo modhi inogona kugadzira zvinyorwa-sevanhu, inonyatsokodzera mashandisirwo ekutaura.
GPT-3 yakashandiswawo kugadzira zvakagadzirirwa zvemawebhusaiti uye masocial media mapuratifomu, pamwe nekubatsira mukuongorora nekutsvaga data.
4. GPT-4
GPT-4 ndiyo ichangoburwa uye yakaomesesa mutauro modhi muOpenAI's GPT akatevedzana. Nekukatyamadza 10 tiririyoni paramita, inofungidzirwa kuti ichapfuura uye kupfuura yakatangira, GPT-3, uye kuva imwe yemhando dzeAI ine simba pasi rose.
Chinoshanda sei?
GPT-4 inogadzira zvinyorwa zvemutauro wechisikigo ichishandisa hunyanzvi kudzidza kwakadzika algorithms. Inodzidziswa pane yakakura mameseji data seti inosanganisira mabhuku, majenari, uye mapeji ewebhu, ichibvumira kuti igadzire zvirimo pamhando dzakasiyana dzemisoro.
Uyezve, nekuidzidzisa padiki, basa-rakanangana nedatasets, GPT-4 inogona kurongeka zvakanaka kune mamwe mabasa akadai sekupindura-mubvunzo kana muchidimbu.
Nzvimbo dzeKushandisa
Nekuda kwehukuru hwayo uye kugona kwepamusoro, GPT-4 inopa akasiyana siyana ekushandisa.
Imwe yemashandisirwo ayo anovimbisa zvikuru ari mukugadzirisa mutauro wechisikigo, kwaanogona kushandiswa gadzira chatbots, mavirtual assistants, uye masisitimu eshanduro emitauro anokwanisa kugadzira mhinduro dzemutauro wechisikigo dzisinganyatsooneki nedzinoitwa nevanhu.
GPT-4 inogona kushandiswawo mudzidzo.
Pfungwa iyi inogona kushandiswa kugadzira masisitimu ekudzidzisa ane hungwaru anokwanisa kuchinjika kumaitiro emudzidzi ekudzidza uye kupa mhinduro nerubatsiro rwemunhu mumwe nemumwe. Izvi zvinogona kubatsira kusimudzira mhando yedzidzo uye kuita kuti kudzidza kuve nyore kumunhu wese.
5. XLNet
XLNet imhando yemutauro yekuvandudza yakagadzirwa muna 2019 neCarnegie Mellon University uye Google AI vaongorori. Mavakirwo ayo akavakirwa pashanduro yekuvaka, iyo inoshandiswa zvakare muBERT uye mamwe mamodheru emitauro.
XLNet, kune rumwe rutivi, inopa shanduko yepre-training zano inoita kuti ikwanise kukunda mamwe mamodheru pane akasiyana echisikigo ekugadzirisa mutauro mabasa.
Chinoshanda sei?
XLNet yakagadzirwa ichishandisa nzira yekuenzanisira yemutauro, iyo inosanganisira kufanotaura izwi rinotevera mukutevedzana kwemavara zvichienderana neapfuura.
XLNet, kune rumwe rutivi, inotora nzira yebidirectional iyo inoongorora zvese zvinogona kubvumidzwa zvemashoko mumutsara, kusiyana nemamwe emitauro yemitauro inoshandisa nzira yekuruboshwe kuenda kurudyi kana kurudyi kuenda kuruboshwe. Izvi zvinoigonesa kubata hukama hwemashoko enguva refu uye kuita fungidziro dzakanyanya.
XLNet inosanganisa matekiniki akaomesesa akadai seyehukama chinzvimbo encoding uye chikamu-chikamu chedzokororo meshini mukuwedzera kune yayo yekuchinja pre-training zano.
Mazano aya anobatsira pakuita kwemodhi yacho yose uye anoigonesa kubata akasiyana siyana ekugadzirisa mutauro wechisikigo mabasa, sekushandura mutauro, kuongorora manzwiro, uye kuzivikanwa kwesangano.
Nzvimbo dzekushandisa dzeXLNet
Iyo yakaomesesa maficha uye kuchinjika kweXLNet inoita kuti ive chishandiso chinoshanda kune akasiyana siyana echisikigo mashandisirwo emitauro, kusanganisira chatbots uye chaiwo vabatsiri, kushandura mutauro, uye kuongorora manzwiro.
Kuenderera mberi kwayo kusimudzira uye kubatanidzwa nesoftware uye maapplication zvinotozoguma nekutonyanya kunakidza nyaya dzekushandisa mune ramangwana.
6. ELECTRA
ELECTRA imhando yemhando yepamusoro yemutauro wechisikigo yakagadzirwa nevatsvagiri veGoogle. Inomiririra "Kudzidza Nemazvo Encoder Inorongedza Token Replacements Zvakarurama" uye inozivikanwa nekurongeka kwayo nekumhanya.
Chinoshanda sei?
ELECTRA inoshanda nekutsiva chikamu chemavara anoteedzana tokeni neakagadzirwa tokeni. Chinangwa chemuenzaniso ndechekufanotaura kuti tokeni yega yega yekutsiva iri pamutemo here kana kuti yekunyepedzera. ELECTRA inodzidza kuchengetedza hukama hwemamiriro pakati pemazwi mumutsara wezvinyorwa zvinobudirira zvakanyanya semhedzisiro.
Uyezve, nekuti ELECTRA inogadzira zviratidzo zvekunyepa kwete kuvhara izvo chaizvo, inogona kushandisa maseti makuru ekudzidziswa uye nguva dzekudzidziswa pasina kusangana nekusagadzikana kwakafanana kunoitwa nemhando dzemitauro yakavharwa.
Nzvimbo dzeKushandisa
ELECTRA inogona zvakare kushandiswa kuongorora manzwiro, ayo anosanganisira kuona manzwisisiro echinyorwa.
Nekugona kwayo kudzidza kubva kune ese ari maviri mavara akafukidzwa uye asina kuvharwa, ELECTRA inogona kushandiswa kugadzira mamwe echokwadi ekuongorora manzwiro ayo anogona kunzwisisa zviri nani kusanzwisisika kwemitauro uye kupa ruzivo rwakanyanya.
7.T5
T5, kana Text-to-Text Transfer Transformer, iGoogle AI Mutauro unoshandura-based language modhi. Inoitirwa kuita mabasa akasiyana-siyana ekugadzirisa mutauro chaiwo nekushandura zviri nyore kushandura mavara ekupinda kuenda kune zvinobuda.
Chinoshanda sei?
T5 yakavakirwa paTransformer architecture uye yakadzidziswa ichishandisa kudzidzira kusingatarisirwe pahuwandu hwakawanda hwe data data. T5, kusiyana nemienzaniso yemitauro yapfuura, inodzidziswa pamabasa akasiyana-siyana, kusanganisira kunzwisisa mutauro, kupindura mibvunzo, kupfupisa, uye kududzira.
Izvi zvinoita kuti T5 iite mabasa akawanda nekugadzirisa zvakanaka modhi pane zvishoma-zvakanangana nekuisa.
T5 Inoshandisa kupi?
T5 ine akati wandei anogona kunyorera mumutauro wechisikigo kugadzirisa. Inogona kushandiswa kugadzira chatbots, chaiwo vabatsiri, uye mamwe ekukurukurirana AI masisitimu anokwanisa kunzwisisa uye kupindura kune yakasikwa mutauro kupinza. T5 inogona zvakare kushandiswa kuita zvinhu zvakaita sekushandura mutauro, kupfupisa, uye kupedza zvinyorwa.
T5 yakapihwa yakavhurika sosi neGoogle uye yakambundirwa zvakanyanya nenharaunda yeNLP kune dzakasiyana siyana dzekushandisa senge kupatsanura zvinyorwa, kupindura mibvunzo, uye kushandura nemuchina.
8. PaLM
PaLM (Pathways Mutauro Model) imhando yepamusoro yemutauro yakagadzirwa neGoogle AI Mutauro. Inoitirwa kuvandudza mashandiro emhando dzekugadzirisa mitauro kuzadzisa kudiwa kuri kukura kwemabasa akaomarara emitauro.
Chinoshanda sei?
Zvakafanana nemamwe akawanda anofarirwa mitauro mhando seBERT neGPT, PaLM ishanduro-yakavakirwa modhi. Nekudaro, magadzirirwo ayo uye nzira yekudzidzisa inoiisa parutivi kubva kune mamwe mamodheru.
Kuvandudza hunyanzvi hwekuita uye hunyanzvi hwekuita, PaLM inodzidziswa ichishandisa yakawanda-basa yekudzidza paradigm inogonesa iyo modhi kudzidza panguva imwe chete kubva kune akawanda matambudziko.
Tinoshandisa Papi PaLM?
Palm inogona kushandiswa kune akasiyana mabasa eNLP, kunyanya ayo anodaidzira kunzwisisa kwakadzama kwemutauro wechisikigo. Inobatsira pakuongorora manzwiro, kupindura mibvunzo, kuenzanisa mutauro, kududzira muchina, uye zvimwe zvinhu zvakawanda.
Kuvandudza hunyanzvi hwekugadzirisa mutauro wezvirongwa zvakasiyana uye maturusi senge chatbots, chaiwo vabatsiri, uye masisitimu ekuzivikanwa kwezwi, anogona zvakare kuwedzerwa mazviri.
Pakazere, PaLM tekinoroji inovimbisa ine huwandu hwakawanda hwezvishandiso zvinogoneka nekuda kwekugona kwayo kukwirisa mitauro yekugadzirisa mitauro.
mhedziso
Chekupedzisira, kugadzirwa kwemutauro wechisikigo (NLP) kwakashandura maitiro atinoita tekinoroji, zvichiita kuti titaure nemichina nenzira yakafanana neyemunhu.
NLP yakakura zvakanyanya uye inobudirira kupfuura nakare kose nekuda kwezvichangobva kuitika mukati machine learning, kunyanya mukuvakwa kwemhando dzemitauro mikuru yakadai seGPT-4, RoBERTa, XLNet, ELECTRA, uye PaLM.
Sezvo NLP ichifambira mberi, tinogona kutarisira kuona mhando dzemitauro dzine simba uye dzakaomarara dzichibuda, paine mukana wekushandura mabatiro atinoita tekinoroji, kutaurirana, uye kunzwisisa kuoma kwemutauro wevanhu.
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