Zviri Mukati[Viga][Ratidza]
Yekutanga cryptocurrency, Bitcoin, yakatanga muna 2009. Inoshanda ne teknolojia inozivikanwa se blockchain, iyo inobatanidza mutsara we encrypted digital blocks muketani, saka zita racho. Iyo Bitcoin transaction inochengetwa mune yega block. Iko kutengeserana kwakachengeteka zvakanyanya nekuda kwekushandiswa kwe blockchain uye encryption.
Satoshi Nakamoto, kana boka revanhu vakazviratidzira saSatoshi Nakamoto, vakagadzira iyi cryptocurrency. Hapana anoziva kuti uyu Satoshi Nakamoto aive ani kusvika zvino. Mukana mukuru weBitcoin nderekuti yakaganhurwa, izvo zvinoreva kuti haigone kudzorwa nemapoka kana hurumende.
Chero ani zvake ari pamumbure, zvisinei nenzvimbo chaiyo, anogona kutumira Bitcoins kune chero ani zvake pane network; zvese zvaunoda kuita kumisa Bitcoin account woisa mamwe maBitcoins usati watumira iwo maBitcoins. Unogona kuzviwana nekuzvitenga kana kuchera.
Izvo zvine chinangwa: Bitcoins haina kutsigirwa nehurumende kana chero imwe sangano rinopa, uye hapana chimwe kunze kwehumbowo hwakaiswa mukati meiyo system kuti ive nechokwadi chekukosha kwavo.
Bitcoin inoshanda sei?
Iyo blockchain, inova dhijitari redhijitari, ndiyo hwaro hweBitcoin. Sezvinoreva zita, blockchain iboka rakabatana re data rakagadzirwa nemabhuraki anosanganisira ruzivo nezve chimwe nechimwe chekutengeserana, senge zuva nenguva, kukosha kwese, mutengi uye mutengesi, uye yakasarudzika nhamba yekuzivikanwa yekutengesa kwega kwega. Kuvaka dhijitari blockchain, zvinyorwa zvakabatana mukutevedzana kwenguva.
Chivharo chekutengeserana chinofanirwa kusimbiswa nevazhinji vevose vane Bitcoin kuti ibatanidzwe muBitcoin blockchain, uye makodhi akasarudzika anoshandiswa kuona zvikwama zvevashandisi uye kutengeserana kunofanirwa kuenderana neiyo encryption pateni.
Aya macode akareba, asina kurongeka manhamba ayo akaoma zvikuru kugadzira. Muchokwadi, munhu anobiridzira achiziva kiyi kodhi yechikwama chako cheBitcoin ane mikana yakafanana sekuhwina Powerball jackpot kapfumbamwe mumutsara. Huwandu uhu hwehuwandu hwekusafungira mumakodhi ekuvhara macode, ayo anodiwa kune yega yega kutengeserana, anoderedza zvakanyanya mukana wekuti chero munhu angaite hutsotsi hweBitcoin.
Chii chinonzi Bitcoin Mining?
Hurumende inodhinda mari yefiat, asi Bitcoin inobvumira vashandisi kuchera mari itsva uye kuwana zvinokurudzira kuita kudaro. Chero ani zvake anogona kuchera Bitcoin achishandisa hunyanzvi hwehardware, uye vanogashira mubairo wakaiswa (6.25 BTC panguva ino) kune yega yega yakacherwa.
Nekudaro, mabhenefiti ihafu yemakore mana ega ega, kana kana 210,000 mabhuroki akacherwa. Migodhi haingoburitse zvivharo zvitsva zveBitcoin asiwo zvinobatsira mukusimbisa kutengeserana kwenetiweki. Vagadziri vemigodhi vanopihwa mubairo wega wega 1MB block yeakasimbiswa matranseks.
Zvidhinha zveBitcoin zvinosanganisira mahashi anochengeta mabhesi emabhuroko apfuura pamwe neruzivo rwekutengesa. A hashi seti yemanhamba nemaarufabheti anoumbwa nenhamba yakatarwa yemanhamba asina kurongeka. Yese hashi ndeye-ye-ye-mhando, uye hapana anogona kufungidzira kuti i data yainobata nekungoitarisa.
Kunyangwe mucheri akasimbisa chikamu chekutengeserana, vanogona kusawana chero muripo. Mashandiro anoita mugodhi ndewekuti kana iwe uchida kuwana mubairo wekuona bhuroko rekutengeserana, unofanirwa kuve wekutanga mugodhi kuzviita. Aya ndiwo mashandiro anoita humbowo-hwe-basa system.
Maitiro ekusimbisa madhijitari eBitcoin transaction paBitcoin network uye kuvawedzera kune blockchain rekodhi inozivikanwa seBitcoin migodhi. Izvo zvinoitwa nekugadzirisa akaomesesa cryptographic hash matambudziko kuti asimbise mabhuraki ekutengeserana pane decentralized blockchain ledger.
Kuti ugadzirise zvirahwe izvi, iwe unozoda simba rakawanda rekugadzirisa uye yakawanda yemidziyo inodhura. Vacheri vanopihwa mubairo neBitcoin mukutsinhana nekuedza kwavo, izvo zvinozoburitswa mukutenderera, saka izwi rekuti Bitcoin mining.
Mazano akakosha kuziva
Kuti unzwisise zvizere Bitcoin migodhi, unofanirwa kutanga wanzwisisa matatu ekutanga mazano e blockchain.
Uchapupu hwebasa - Vacheri vanosimbisa kutengeserana mumigodhi ye blockchain nekugadzirisa dambudziko remasvomhu rakaoma rinozivikanwa sehumbowo hwebasa. Kuti aite kudaro, chinangwa chikuru chemugodhi ndechekutsvaga kukosha kweiyo nonce, rinova dambudziko remasvomhu rinofanira kugadziriswa nevacheri kuti vagadzire hashi idiki pane chinangwa chetiweki cheimwe block.
Distributed Ledger -Dheja yakagovaniswa idatabase inogona kuwanikwa nevanhu vazhinji uye inogovaniswa nekuwiriraniswa nekubvumirana munzvimbo dzakati wandei, makambani, kana nyika. Inobvumira veruzhinji kuti vavepo se "zvapupu" panguva yekutengeserana. Ledger yakagoverwa ibhuku repasi rose rinochengeta zvese zve blockchain network transaction. Vashandisi veBitcoin ndivo vanosimbisa kutengeserana kwenetiweki.
SHA-256 - Blockchain inorambidza kupinda kusingadiwe nekushandisa hash algorithm inozivikanwa seSHA-256 kuvimbisa kuchengetedzwa kwezvivharo. Ivo vakave nedigital autographed. Kana yangosikwa, kukosha kwavo kwehashi hakugone kuchinjwa. SHA-256 inogamuchira chero kureba yekupinza tambo uye inopa yakagadziriswa 256-bit kubuda; ibasa renzira imwe chete; haugone kuburitsa zvizere kuseri kweiyo yekuisa reverse kubva pane zvakabuda (izvo zvawagadzira).
Anoshanda sei Bitcoin mugodhi?
Blockchain ndeye peer-to-peer network iyo yakarumbidzwa kuti yakachengeteka zvikuru uye yakajeka, uye naizvozvo yakavimbika. Izvi zvinokonzerwa nekuti marekodhi mu blockchain network anodzivirirwa uchishandisa timestamps uye cryptographic hash mabasa nenzira yekuti zvinenge zvakaoma uye zvinorambidza kushandura matranseks mushure mekunge anyorwa kune ledger. Kushaikwa kwekutonga kwepakati kwakakosha kune blockchain chengetedzo.
Hezvino zvese zvaunoda kuti uzive kuti utange Bitcoin mining.
Zvinhu zvakakosha zveBitcoin transaction
Zvinhu zvitatu zvinobatanidzwa kana kutengeserana kwakatangwa muBitcoin network:
- Kuiswa kwekutengeserana
- Mhedzisiro yedhiri
- Nhamba yekutengeserana
Chirongwa cheBitcoin chemigodhi chinoburitsa dambudziko idzva rekriptographic hash kune yega yega transaction yekupinda iyo inonetsa kutsanangura. Iyo purogiramu inobva yagadzira muti weMerkle zvichienderana nenhamba yekutengeserana inodiwa kuita block.
SHA-256 Algo & The Merkle Tree
Muti wehashi, unozivikanwawo semuti weMerkle, muti umo iyo hash algorithm yedata block inonyorwa pashizha node yega yega uye hash algorithm yemwana wayo node 'mabhii akanyorwa pane ese asiri mashizha node. Muti weMerkle idhizaini yedata iyo inoshanda sepfupiso yezvese kutengeserana mukati me block.
Individual transaction hashes inonziwo transaction IDs, inodzokororwa yakabatana mumuti weMerkle uchishandisa SHA-256 maitiro kusvika hashi imwe chete yaratidza muti wese. Iyi hashi inodaidzwa kuti Merkle mudzi kana mudzi hashi. Muti weMerkle unobvumira iyo Bitcoin network kuti ikurumidze kusimbisa kutengeserana.
Hash basa zvivakwa zvinosanganisira:
kusiyana: chero shanduko kune yekuisa nguva dzose inoguma mune yakasiyana zvachose hashi (isingafungidzirwe). Kuti uzviise neimwe nzira, maviri akasiyana data seti haagone kuburitsa imwechete hashi.
Deterministic: kufanana kupinza kunoburitsa yakafanana hashi nguva imwe neimwe.
Hazvigadzirisike: Iyo hashi inogadzirwa nenzira imwe chete, izvo zvinoreva kuti tambo yepakutanga haigone kuderedzwa kubva kune hashi.
Constant goho saizi: zvisinei nehukuru hweiyo sosi data, iyo nzira imwechete inogara ichigadzira hurefu hwakafanana hashi.
Bvisa musoro
Musoro weblock unochengeta Merkle mudzi, unova mucherechedzo wemuti weMerkle. Iyo block header inopa ruzivo rweblock uye inosanganisira zvinotevera zvikamu:
- Nhamba yeshanduro yeBitcoin software
- Inotangira block's hash
- Merkle midzi (midzi hashi)
- Cryptographic nonce panguva yakatarwa
- Miners achashandisa iyi data kugadzirisa dambudziko rehashi uye kuwedzera block transaction.
Kugadzirisa hash puzzle
Vagadziri vemigodhi vanofanirwa kugadzirisa dambudziko rehashi nekutsvaga hashi pazasi pechinangwa chakatarwa vachitevedzera zvinodikanwa. Chinangwa, icho chiri mumusoro, inhamba ye67-manhamba inotarisa kuoma kwekuchera zvichienderana nenhamba yevashandi vemigodhi vanoedza kugadzirisa hashi basa.
Zvakakosha kuyeuka kuti kuomerwa uku kunosiyana mushure me block yega yega 2016, zvichienderana nekuti vacheri vakatora nguva yakareba sei kugadzirisa equation mumabhuroko apfuura 2016. Izvi zvinobatsirawo mukuchengetedza kutengeserana kuwedzera mwero mu blockchain pamaminetsi gumi.
Vagadziri vemigodhi vanoedza kugadzirisa dambudziko rehashi nekuramba vachiwedzera nonce kumusoro weblock kusvika kukosha kwehashi kunogadzirwa kuri kushoma pane chinangwa. Kana muchina wemigodhi uchigadzirisa dambudziko, chivharo chitsva chinogadzirwa zvinobudirira uye chakasimbiswa paBitcoin network kana node dzasvika pakubvumirana. Kana bhuroka ikasimbiswa, kutengeserana kwairi kunosimbiswa, uye block inowedzerwa kune ketani. Sezvambotaurwa, izvi zvinoitika maminitsi gumi oga oga.
Izvo zvinodikanwa zvekuchera Bitcoin
A Bitcoin mugodhi anotanga asarudza uye kuseta maturusi avo ekutengesa.
- GPU (graphics processing unit) hardware, SSD ye crypto migodhi, kana ASIC (application-specific integrated circuit)
- Chikwama chekuchengeta
- Software kumigodhi
- Dziva remugodhi raunofarira (kana munhu akasarudza sarudzo yekuchera dziva panzvimbo yekuchera ega)
Kana zvese zvave munzvimbo uye system yakavhurwa, inotanga kuchera yega. Chero kumwe kudyidzana kwevanhu kunoitika chete kana iri system kana network kutadza, kudzimwa kwemagetsi, kana routine system kugadzirisa.
Ngatikurukurei zvese zvinodiwa zvakadzama.
Mugodhi wemigodhi unodiwa kuti uve mugodhi weBitcoin. Unogona kutenga pre-yakavakwa setup. Dzinogona, zvisinei, dzinodhura kudarika giya remugodhi rakagadzirwa. Iyo yese migodhi system inogona kunge iine ruzha rwakanyanya, ichigadzira kupisa kwakawanda, uye inofanirwa kumhanya maawa makumi maviri nemana pazuva, mazuva manomwe pasvondo. Kushanda mubhizinesi remigodhi yeBitcoin imhepo yakanyanya.
Kugadzira kumigodhi setup kwakafanana nekuvaka komputa yekutamba. Kana iwe wakazvivaka iwe pachako, iwe unogona kunge uchijaira kuchengetedza uye kushandira iyo Hardware kana chimwe chinhu chikatadza. Kana iwe usina nguva yekugadzira imwe, unogona kugara uchitenga iyo yakatovakwa.
Pre-yakavakwa zvicherwa inogona kunge iine huwandu hwemaGPU maviri, asi akajairwa-akavakirwa rigs anogona kunge aine akawanda maGPU. Mugodhi wemigodhi, ungave mutsva kana wamboshandiswa, unodhura zviuru zvishoma zvemadhora. Kutenga chekare chemigodhi rig kunokupa iwe GPU yakatosakara uye ine hupenyu hushoma.
Kutanga, iyo rig inoda chete yakakosha Windows inoshanda sisitimu uye imwe software yemugodhi. Mushure mekunge wafunga nezvenyaya yekuseta kwako migodhi, unogona kutanga kutenga mamaboard. Kune yako migodhi rig, haudi yakakwira-yekupedzisira mamaboard. Chinangwa chikuru ndechekukwanisa kutsigira huwandu hukuru hweGPUs inogoneka.
Aya maMOBO anofanira kunge achikwanisa kugadzirwa zvakare. Iwe unotarisa Asus, MSI, uye Gigabyte mamabhodhi. Mushure mekunge mawana zvinhu izvi, inguva yekusarudza CPU. A contemporary multi-core CPU ine 4-8 GB ye RAM zvinodiwa. Iwe haufanirwe kuwedzeredza iyo CPU kuti uwane hukuru hwekuita uchibhadhara kugadzikana. Intel's yekupinda-level CPUs, senge Celeron kana Pentium, inokwana.
Kugadziriswa kwemigodhi kunoda ingangoita 1000W magetsi ekupa uye yakavimbika internet yekubatanidza. Nekuda kwekuti masisitimu emigodhi aya anoshanda pamitoro yakakwira maawa makumi maviri nemana pazuva, mazuva manomwe pasvondo, magetsi emugodhi wegoridhe anodiwa. Izvi zvine mukana wekusimudza zvakanyanya mutengo wemagetsi! Unogona kubatanidza magetsi maviri kuti ugadzire yakakura migodhi system.
Iwe unogona kuchengetedza mari pakuchengetedza uye RAM mushure meese anodhura maGPU uye akakwira-wattage magetsi ekushandisa. Kune Windows PC, 8GB RAM inokurudzirwa; zvisinei, 4GB RAM yaizoita. Rangarira kuti kana uine mareti emagetsi akaderera kana zvimwe zvinhu zvasara, unogona kungoisa hurongwa hwemigodhi nemari shoma kana kusaparwa pasina kutyora bhanga.
Iwe unofanirwawo kufunga nezvekuoma kwekuchera Bitcoin block munzvimbo yanhasi. Kana zvese zvikafamba sezvakarongwa, unogona kutanga kugadzira mari mushure memwedzi 7-8. Unogona kuzviyedza kana uine chero hardware yakarara pasi!
Mhedzisiro yekuchera Bitcoin pane zvakatipoteredza
Bitcoin migodhi inoda kutenderedza 91 terawatt-maawa emagetsi gore rega rega. Zvakare zvakapetwa kanomwe kuwanda kwesimba rinoshandiswa nezvose zvepasi rose zveGoogle.
Pasi rose, kushandiswa kwesimba reBitcoin kune mhedzisiro yakaipa yekushanduka kwemamiriro ekunze uye kusangana nezvinangwa zveParis Accord nekuti inoshandura kuita inofungidzirwa kuti 22 kusvika 22.9 miriyoni metric tonnes e CO2 emissions pagore-yakaenzana ne CO2 emissions kubva mukushandiswa kwesimba kwe2.6 kusvika 2.7 bhiriyoni dzimba. mugore.
Maererano neimwe ongororo, Bitcoin inogona kukonzera kupisa kwepasi kudarika 2°C. Maererano neimwe fungidziro, kuchera kweBitcoin muChina chete kunogona kuburitsa 130 miriyoni metric tonnes eCO2 panosvika 2024. Zvisineyi, kana migodhi yakawanda ikatamira kuUnited States nedzimwe nyika, nhamba iyi inogona kunge yakakwira zvakanyanya kunze kwekunge simba rinogonekazve rashandiswa.
Zvakanakira
- Kutengeserana kwakavanzika uye kwakachengeteka nguva dzese, nemari shoma inokwanisika. Kana uchinge wava neBitcoins, unogona kuzvitumira kune chero ani zvake, chero nguva ipi zvayo, kuderedza nguva uye mutengo unokwanisika wekutengeserana kwese. Ruzivo rwemunhu rwakadai sezita kana nhamba yekadhi rechikwereti haabatanidzwe mukutengeserana, izvo zvinoderedza njodzi yekutorwa kweruzivo rwevatengi pakutenga kwechitsotsi kana kubirwa chitupa. (Ramba uchifunga, kunyange zvakadaro, kuti utenge Bitcoins pakuchinjana, iwe unofanirwa kutanga wabatanidza account yako yekubhangi.)
- Kugona kunzvenga masangano emari echinyakare kana masangano ehurumende. Kutevera dambudziko rezvemari uye Kuderera Kukuru, vamwe vanoisa mari vanoda chaizvo kutora imwe nzira, yakatemerwa mari - iyo isingadzoreki nemabhanga echinyakare, masangano anotonga, kana mamwe mapato echitatu.
- Pane nzvimbo yakawanda yekuwedzera. Vamwe vatengesi vanotenga uye vanochengeta mari vanotenda kuti sezvo Bitcoin inokura, kuvimba kukuru uye kushandiswa kwakakura kunozotevera, zvichiwedzera kukosha kwemari.
Iyo yakaipa
- Kunetsekana nekubira Nepo vatsigiri vachiti tekinoroji yeblockchain iri pasi peBitcoin yakachengeteka kupfuura zvechinyakare zvemagetsi zvekufambisa mari, Bitcoin hot wallets dzakaratidza kuve chiedzo chevanobira. Kutyorwa kwepamusoro-soro kwakaitika, senge mushumo muna Chivabvu 2019 kuti mari inodarika miriyoni makumi mana emadhora muBitcoin yakabiwa kubva kumaakaundi akawanda epamusoro-soro pa cryptocurrency exchange Binance (kambani yakavhara kurasikirwa).
- Bitcoins parizvino inogamuchirwa nenhamba diki yevatengesi veinternet. Izvi zvinoita kuti zvisakwanisika kuvimba chete neBitcoins semari. Hurumende dzinogona kutomanikidza vatengesi kuti vasagamuchire Bitcoins kuitira kuti vaone kuti kutengeserana kwevashandisi kunogona kuteverwa.
mhedziso
Bitcoin mining inzira yakaoma inoda kugadzirisa algorithms yakaoma. Kana iwe uchida kutanga kuchera Bitcoins, iwe uchafanirwa kuisa mune imwe yakakura hardware uye simba zvinodiwa. Zvinogona kutora iwe mwedzi kuti utange kugadzira mari. Zvisinei, gare gare kudzoka kunogona kuva kunoshamisa.
Ndinovimba kuti nyaya yacho yakakwanisa kupindura mibvunzo yose ine chokuita nemibvunzo yako pamusoro peBitcoin mining. Govera pfungwa dzako mumashoko.
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