Zviri Mukati[Viga][Ratidza]
Computational kutora mafoto imunda wakaona kufambira mberi kwakawanda mumakore achangopfuura.
Iko kugona kwezvinogona kuitwa nemifananidzo yakakura zvakanyanya kubva pane zvirinani kugadzirisa algorithms kusvika kune yakanyanya kuomarara kamera hardware.
Asi tasvika pakunyanyisa here?
Pane chimwe chinhu chingaitwe kusunda miganhu yezvinogoneka nemifananidzo?
Ngatitarisei zvimwe zvichangoburwa mukutorwa kwemifananidzo nemakomputa toona kuti ramangwana rinogona kutisvitsa kupi.
Chii chinonzi Computational Photography Chaizvoizvo?
Tisati tapinda mune zvinogoneka, zvakakosha kuti tinzwisise computational mafoto. Kuzvitaura zviri nyore, computational kutora mifananidzo imhando yekugadzira mifananidzo inotora mufananidzo uye inoita kuti itaridzike zvakasiyana.
Vanhu vazhinji vanonongedzera kune izvi sekunyepedzera kwemifananidzo, asi izvo zvinotsausa zvishoma. Chinangwa chekupedzisira hachisi chekuchinja mufananidzo asi kutora mufananidzo uye kuita chimwe chinhu nawo.
Izvo zvakakosha kuti unzwisise kuti manipulation emifananidzo haifanirwe kuitwa munguva chaiyo. Yakawanda yemifananidzo yemakomputa inoitwa kunze kwenyika uye inongoiswa kumufananidzo wekupedzisira.
Izwi rakafara, uye rinoshandiswa kutsanangura zvinhu zvakawanda zvakasiyana.
Semuenzaniso, vanhu vazhinji vanofunga kuti computational kutora mafoto ndeye kugadzira HDR mifananidzo. Asi icho hachisi chokwadi zvachose.
Computational kutora mafoto anogona kuiswa kune akasiyana akasiyana akasiyana mafoto mamiriro. Inoshandiswa kune zvinhu senge kugadzira retouching, super-inogadzirisa mifananidzo, kuvandudza yakaderera-yechiedza mafoto, kugadzira kudzika kwemaitiro emunda, nezvimwe zvakawanda.
Inoshandiswa kuita zvakawanda pane kugadzira mafoto makuru e Instagram. NASA inoishandisa kuburitsa tsananguro mumifananidzo yakatorwa muchadenga.
Computational Photography Techniques
The Great Push
Kusimuka kwemafoto edhijitari mukupera kwe90s uye kutanga 2000s kwakatungamira kune mitsva yekugadzira mifananidzo maitiro. Mazhinji eaya matekiniki akagadzirwa kuti abvumire kunatswa kwemifananidzo.
Mumakore achangopfuura, takaona kuwanda kwemaitiro aya achishandiswa kumatambudziko epasirese.
Muenzaniso unonyanya kuzivikanwa weiyi iko kushandiswa kwemakomputa mafoto kumatambudziko akaita secamera kuzunguzika uye lens aberrations. Mazhinji matekiniki anogona kushandiswa kubvisa kusajeka kusingadiwe kubva pamufananidzo, uye kutorwa kwemifananidzo kwaita kuti izvi zvigoneke kumakamera mazhinji.
Deepfakes
Uyu ndiwo mumwe wemienzaniso yakanyatsojeka yekuti tasvika papi mumunda wekutora mifananidzo. Izwi rokuti dzikadzika inoreva maitiro ekushandisa zvakadzika nzira dzekudzidza kugadzira mifananidzo yemanyepo inoita senge ndeyechokwadi.
wokutanga deepfakes dzakagadzirwa mukutanga kwe2000s, asi kuuya kweAI kwakaunza mukurumbira uchangoburwa.
Izvi zvave kunetsa zvakanyanya kune tekinoroji indasitiri. Ongororo yakaitwa neWashington Post yakawana kuti, pavanoshandisa internet chiuru vakaongororwa, makumi mana muzana vakaoneswa manyepo akadzika.
Izvi zvaisanganisira vanhu vakawanda vane mukurumbira, vezvematongerwo enyika, uye kunyange vanhu vanobva kumhuri dzavo. Chirevo chakawana zvakare kuti deepfakes dzaishandiswa kuparadzira ruzivo rwenhema uye dzaiwanzoshandiswa kuseka vanhu.
Nzira dzinoverengeka dzakasiyana dzinogona kugadzira dzakadzama fakes, asi iyo inonyanya kuzivikanwa nzira inonzi GAN (generative adversarial network). Iyi mhando ye kudzidza zvakadzika modhi inoshandiswa kugadzira mifananidzo yemanyepo inotaridzika chaizvo.
Aya marudzi emifananidzo anowanzo kunzi "fake news."
Nepo izwi racho pacharo risiri chairo, chokwadi chekuti zvakadzika fakes zviri kushandiswa kuparadzira nhema hazvirambike. Mifananidzo yacho inogutsa, uye zviri nyore kuti ubatwe nepfungwa yekuti ndeyechokwadi.
Ichi ndicho chikonzero teknolojia yakarambidzwa munzvimbo dzakawanda.
Semuenzaniso, deepfakes inorambidzwa muAustralia pasocial media mapuratifomu uye mune dzimwe nzvimbo dzebasa. Hofisi yeInformation Commissioner yeUK yataurawo izvi deepfakes hazvisi pamutemo kushandiswa mune chero basa re "bhizimusi kana hunyanzvi."
Kunyange zvakadzika zvisiri pamutemo parizvino, zvakakosha kuti uzive kuti tekinoroji ichiri muhudiki. Zvekuti ichiri kuvandudzwa zvinoreva kuti pachine nzvimbo yakawanda yekuti ikure.
Semuenzaniso, chidzidzo cheWashington Post chakawana kuti hafu chete yevanhu vakafumurwa deepfakes vaiziva kuti vaive fake.
HDR
Yepamusoro dynamic range (HDR) kutora mafoto inzira inobvumira kutorwa kwemifananidzo ine yakakura dhizaini renji pane inogoneka neyakajairwa mafoto.
Mifananidzo yeHDR inowanzotorwa uchishandisa kufumurwa kwakawanda, uye hunyanzvi hwave huripo kwenguva yakareba. Yakanga iri nguva pfupi yadarika iyo tekinoroji yakakwirisa zvakakwana kuti ibvumire HDR mifananidzo kutorwa mupfuti imwe chete.
Imwe yeanonyanya kuzivikanwa kushandiswa kweHDR kutora mifananidzo ndeye astrophotography.
Vazivi venyeredzi vanotora mifananidzo nekuratidzwa kamwe chete. Mifananidzo yacho inosanganiswa kuti igadzire mufananidzo wemubatanidzwa une huwandu hwakakura hwesimba pane zvinogoneka nekuratidzwa kumwe chete.
Zvakanakira zveComputational Photography:
Pane akawanda mabhenefiti ekushandisa computational kutora mafoto, uye zvakakosha kuti uzvinzwisise kana iwe uchizoshandisa tekinoroji mukutora mifananidzo kwako. Heano mamwe emabhenefiti makuru:
Zvirinani Mhando Yemhando
Imwe yemabhenefiti makuru ekutorwa kwemifananidzo kuita kuti mifananidzo yako itaridzike zvirinani. Kune akati wandei maitiro akasiyana anogona kushandiswa kuvandudza kunaka kwemufananidzo wemufananidzo.
Izvi zvinosanganisira matekiniki akaita senge mufananidzo denoising, kudzikamisa mufananidzo, uye kuderedza ruzha.
Morpho anoenderera mberi nekuvandudza computational mafoto uye #AI software yevatorwa vemifananidzo ve smartphone. #SnapdragonSummit pic.twitter.com/NhmwMfqT8a
- Qualcomm (@Qualcomm) December 2, 2020
Iyo tekinoroji inoitawo kuti zvikwanise kuvandudza mhando yemifananidzo yemifananidzo yakatorwa nemakamera ekare.
Izvi zvinodaro nekuti akawanda emaitiro echinyakare anoshandiswa kuita kuti mifananidzo itaridzike zvirinani haagone kuita mumakamera matsva.
Faster Image Capture
Imwe yemabhenefiti ari pachena ekutora mafoto emakomputa ndeyekuti zvinotora mifananidzo nekukurumidza kupfuura yechinyakare mafoto.
Kutora mifananidzo kwekombuta kunobvumira basa rakawanda rinodiwa kutora mufananidzo kuti uitwe pakombuta. Izvi zvinosanganisira zvinhu zvakaita sekudzikisira ruzha, kugadzirisa kwemavara, uye kugadzirisa lens.
Kuwedzera Resolution
Imwe bhenefiti yekombuta yekutora mifananidzo ndeyekuti inogona kuita kuti ikwanise kutora mifananidzo ine yakakwirira resolution kupfuura zvinogoneka neyakajairwa mafoto.
Iyo tekinoroji yakavakirwa pane akawanda emisimboti yakafanana neHDR kutora mafoto, uye inogona kushandiswa kugadzira mifananidzo ine yakakura dhizaini renji.
Izvi zvinoreva kuti zvinokwanisika kutora mifananidzo ine resolution yepamusoro pane yechinyakare mafoto. Zvinogoneka kutora mifananidzo yakakura kakapetwa ka4 sezvayaizove kana mufananidzo ukatorwa nekamera yechinyakare.
Ndeupi Rudzi rweAI Computational Photography Inoshandiswa?
AI-powered computational kutora mafoto tekinoroji nyowani, uye makambani mashoma chete ari kupa sevhisi. Kune maviri makuru marudzi eAI-powered computational mafoto.
SuperResolution (SR)
SuperResolution inyanzvi inobvumira kugadzira mifananidzo yakakwira-resolution yakanyanya kupinza kupfuura iyo yekutanga mufananidzo. Inoshandisa AI kusanganisa akawanda akadzika-resolution mifananidzo mune imwechete, yakakwirira-resolution mufananidzo.
HDR
Mifananidzo yeHDR inowanzotorwa uchishandisa kufumurwa kwakawanda, uye hunyanzvi hwave huripo kwenguva yakareba. Yakanga iri nguva pfupi yadarika iyo tekinoroji yakakwidziridzwa zvakakwana kuti ibvumidze HDR mifananidzo kutorwa mupfuti imwe chete.
Retinex
Iyo inyanzvi yekutora mifananidzo yakagadziridzwa naJames D. MacKenzie uye inoshandiswa mumakamera akati wandei. Iyo tekinoroji yakavakirwa pahuwandu hwemisimboti yakafanana neyeHDR kutora mafoto, uye inogona kushandiswa kugadzira mifananidzo ine yakafara dhizaini.
Retinex inoshandiswa kugadzira mifananidzo ine huwandu hwakakura hwekuchinja. Retinex ndiyo inonyanya kuzivikanwa mhando yeAI computational kutora mafoto, asi haisiriyo yega.
mhedziso
Tave kusvika padanho rekuti kutorwa kwemifananidzo kuri kuramba kuchiwedzera. Ne tekinoroji yakaita senge portrait mode uye cinematic mode paiyo iPhone 13 pro, isu tinokwanisa ikozvino kugadzira mafoto nemavhidhiyo anoita sekunge akatorwa nepamusoro-yekupedzisira DSLR kamera.
Sezvo tekinoroji iyi iri kuramba ichivandudzika, tichagadzira yakatowanda mifananidzo yechokwadi.
Iwe unofunga kuti kutorwa kwemifananidzo kuchashandura sei matorero atinoita mafoto mune ramangwana?
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